• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.397-397
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• 2019

With the consequences of climate change becoming more evident, research on climate-associated risks has become a basis for climate adaptation and mitigation. Amongst the different sectors and natural resources considered in assessing such risks, drought is one impact to our environment that experiences stress from climate change but is often overlooked and has the potential to bring severe consequences when drought occurs. For example, when temperatures are higher, water demand increases and water supply decreases; when precipitation patterns fluctuate immensely, floods and droughts occur more frequently at greater magnitudes, putting stress on ecosystems. Hence, it is important for us to evaluate drought risk to observe how different climate change and socioeconomic scenarios can affect this vital life resource. In this study, we review the context of drought risk on the basis of climate change impacts and socioeconomic indicators. As underlined in the IPCC AR5 report, the risks are identified by understanding the vulnerability, exposure, and hazards of drought. This study analyzed drought risk on a global scale with different RCP scenarios projected until the year 2099 with a focus on the variables population, precipitation, water resources, and temperature.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

In this paper we propose a new algorithm which resolves the inconsistency problems occurring when DNS severs are employed as elements of PKI. The inconsistency may take place between primary name servers and secondary name servers and between cached certificate and original certificate. The former can be removed by adapting RFC 1996 NOTIFY opcode for DNS. In order to eliminate the latter type of inconsistency we develope a new algorithm which is implemented with two additional RR(Resource Record). The present algorithm is designed such that DNS contacts the destination DNS prior to returning public key to users. Therefore the inconsistency problem occurring when DNS is operated as PKI can be eliminated by using the proposed adaptation and algorithm.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.213-227
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• 2023

This paper aims to examine the farmers' perceptions of the importance and feasibility of climate change awareness and adaptive measures in agriculture, utilizing paired sample t-tests and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Significant differences were found in farmers' views on the importance and urgency of climate change issues, with specific factors standing out. The IPA analysis identified key issues requiring sustained attention, including climate change magnitude, extreme weather events, livestock damage scale, pest fluctuations, and variability in flowering periods. Additionally, the study revealed significant disparities in farmers' perceptions of the importance and feasibility of adaptive measures, except for specific items related to heat indices.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2024년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.600-601
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• 2024

본 논문은 RAG(Retrieval-Augmented Generation) End2End의 리소스(Resource) 과부하 문제를 해결하는 동시에 모델 성능을 향상 시키기 위해 PEFT(Parameters-Efficient Fine-Tuning)기술인 LoRA(Low Rank Adaptation)적용에 관한 연구이다. 본 논문에서는 RAG End2End 모델의 파라미터 값과 개수를 유지하면서, LRM(Low Rank Matrices)을 이용하여 추가적인 파라미터만을 미세 조정하는 방식으로, 전반적인 모델의 효율성을 극대화하는 방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 다양한 도메인에 데이터 셋에 대한 제안 방식의 성능을 검증하고자 Conversation, Covid-19, News 데이터 셋을 사용하였다. 실험결과, 훈련에 필요한 파라미터의 크기가 약 6.4억개에서 180만개로 감소하였고, EM(Exact Match)점수가 유사하거나 향상되었다. 이는 LoRA를 통한 접근 법이 RAG End2End 모델의 효율성을 개선할 수 있는 효과적인 전략임을 증명하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-321
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• 2011

The availability and efficient use of the feed resources in Asia are the primary drivers of performance to maximise productivity from animals. Feed security is fundamental to the management, extent of use, conservation and intensification for productivity enhancement. The awesome reality is that current supplies of animal proteins are inadequate to meet human requirements in the face of rapidly depleting resources: arable land, water, fossil fuels, nitrogenous and other fertilisers, and decreased supplies of cereal grains. The contribution of the ruminant sector lags well behind that of non-ruminant pigs and poultry. It is compelling therefore to shift priority for the development of ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep) in key agro-ecological zones (AEZs), making intensive use of the available biomass from the forage resources, crop residues, agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) and other non-conventional feed resources (NCFR). Definitions are given of successful and failed projects on feed resource use. These were used to analyse 12 case studies, which indicated the value of strong participatory efforts with farmers, empowerment, and the benefits from animals of productivity-enhancing technologies and integrated natural resource management (NRM). However, wider replication and scaling up were inadequate in project formulation, including systems methodologies that promoted technology adoption. There was overwhelming emphasis on component technology applications that were duplicated across countries, often wasteful, the results and relevance of which were not clear. Technology delivery via the traditional model of research-extension linkage was also inadequate, and needs to be expanded to participatory research-extension-farmer linkages to accelerate diffusion of technologies, wider adoption and impacts. Other major limitations concerned with feed resource use are failure to view this issue from a farming systems perspective, strong disciplinary bias, and poor links to real farm situations. It is suggested that improved efficiency in feed resource use and increased productivity from animals in the future needs to be cognisant of nine strategies. These include priorities for feed resource use; promoting intensive use of crop residues; intensification of integrated ruminant-oil palm systems and use of oil palm by-products; priority for urgent, wider technology application, adoption and scaling up; rigorous application of systems methodologies; development of adaptation and mitigation options for the effects of climate change on feed resources; strengthening research-extension-farmer linkages; development of year round feeding systems; and striving for sustainability of integrated farming systems. These strategies together form the challenges for the future.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.67-67
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• 2020

Though there is an on-going need for the diversity of ornamental plants for in-door environment, their growth and stress adaptability in comparatively low light intensity condition require further studies for implementation. Here investigates the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam, Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H.Bailey and Acorus gramineus Aiton under several light intensities which were based on common in-door environment. The growth measurement of the plants included the quantity, length, width and SPAD value of the leaves. Calculated values of Fm/Fo, Fv/Fm, Pi_Abs, ETo/RC and DIo/RC were used as the parameters of the chlorophyll fluorescence under 10, 50, 100 and 200 PPFD (μmol·m^-2·s^-1) light intensities. In-door plants group was put in a closed room allowing no other light sources for 10 weeks and the control group was put in glass-greenhouse for the same period. The overall in-door growth of L. muscari was not significantly different in all light intensities compared to the control group and even showed the higher SPAD values. Also, an increasing tendency of Pi_Abs value under 10 to 100 PPFD was observed implying that L.muscari could adapt well to in-door environment. Measurement of A. gramineus growth mostly showed the highest values in the control group especially in the number of the leaves. Nevertheless, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed no significant value difference between in-door and the control groups and thus, A. gramineus might have possibility of successful adaptation to in-door environment. F. japonicum showed deficient growth in plant height and leaf length compared to the control but, it seemed to be able to sustain ornamental value under in-door light intensities. Furthermore, Pi_Abs and DIo/RC values were increased under in-door light conditions suggesting potential adaptability of F. japonicum.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

이 연구에서는 장애학생을 위한 통합교육 사회과 교수·학습자료가 보편적 학습설계 측면에서 어떻게 구현되었는지 살펴보았다. 분석을 위해 2015 개정 교육과정 초등학교 사회과 3~6학년까지 일반 교과서 내용을 장애학생을 위해 교수적합화(adaptation)한 「장애학생 통합교육 교수·학습자료: 사회과」교재를 선정하였다. 사회과 3~6학년 교재의 세부영역은 일반사회, 지리, 역사이며 총 20개 단원을 분석하였다. 내용분석기준은 CAST(2018)에서 제시된 UDL 3개 원리에 따른 9개 항목을 기준으로 하였다. 연구결과 사회과 교수·학습자료는 다양한 행동과 표현수단의 제공 원리가 가장 많이 적용되었으며, 다양한 표상수단의 제공 원리와 다양한 참여수단의 제공 원리 순으로 적용된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 입각하여 이 사회과 자료는 통합교육 환경에서 특수교사나 교과서를 개발하는 교사들이 장애학생을 위한 교육과정과 수업을 설계하는 가르치는 자원으로 활용할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2023

The intensified droughts under climate change are expected to threaten stable water resource availability. Droughts exceeding the magnitude of historical variability could occur increasingly frequently under future climate conditions. It is crucial to understand how drought will evolve over time because the assumption of hydrological stationarity of the past decades would be inappropriate for future water resources management. However, the timing of the emergence of unprecedented drought conditions under climate change has rarely been examined. Here, using multimodel hydrological simulations, we investigate the changes in the frequency of hydrological drought (defined as abnormally low river discharge) under high and low greenhouse gas concentration scenarios and with existing water resources management and estimate the timing of the first emergence of unprecedented regional drought conditions that persist for over several consecutive years. This new metric enables a new quantification of the urgency of adaptation and mitigation with regard to drought under climate change. The times are detected for several sub-continental-scale regions, and three regions, namely, southwestern South America, Mediterranean Europe, and northern Africa, exhibit particularly robust and earlier critical times under the high-emission scenario. These three regions are expected to confront unprecedented conditions within the next 30 years with a high likelihood, regardless of the emission scenarios. In addition, the results obtained herein demonstrate the benefits of the lower-emission pathway in reducing the likelihood of emergence. The Paris Agreement goals are shown to be effective in reducing the likelihood to the unlikely level in most regions. Nevertheless, appropriate and prior adaptation measures are considered indispensable to when facing unprecedented drought conditions. The results of this study underscore the importance of improving drought preparedness within the considered time horizons.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1692-1705
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• 2024

In this paper, we present a method that integrates a Grammar Transducer as an external language model to enhance the accuracy of the pre-trained Korean End-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. The E2E ASR model utilizes the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function to derive hypothesis sentences from input audio. However, this method reveals a limitation inherent in the CTC approach, as it fails to capture language information from transcript data directly. To overcome this limitation, we propose a fusion approach that combines a clause-level n-gram language model, transformed into a Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST), with the E2E ASR model. This approach enhances the model's accuracy and allows for domain adaptation using just additional text data, avoiding the need for further intensive training of the extensive pre-trained ASR model. This is particularly advantageous for Korean, characterized as a low-resource language, which confronts a significant challenge due to limited resources of speech data and available ASR models. Initially, we validate the efficacy of training the n-gram model at the clause-level by contrasting its inference accuracy with that of the E2E ASR model when merged with language models trained on smaller lexical units. We then demonstrate that our approach achieves enhanced domain adaptation accuracy compared to Shallow Fusion, a previously devised method for merging an external language model with an E2E ASR model without necessitating additional training.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2017

농경지에서의 증발산량 예측은 농업 분야에서의 기후변화 영향 평가 및 적응 계획 수립에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 격자형 국가 표준 기후변화 시나리오 자료를 이용해 잠재 증발산량 (PET)과 가뭄지수 (DI) 전자 기후도의 생산 및 분석을 수행하였다. 특히, 격자형 기상 자료의 처리를 지원하는 도구인 readGrADSWrapper를 기반으로 격자형 기후변화 시나리오 자료를 통계 분석 도구인 R에서 활용하는 기술에 중점을 두었다. FAO-56 공식을 R 스크립트에 구현하여 현재와 미래 조건에서 벼 재배기간 동안의 PET를 계산하였다. 또한, 이를 활용하여 벼 재배에 따른 증발산량 ($PET_{rice}$)과 DI 자료를 생산하고 시공간적 분석을 수행하기 위한 R 스크립트를 구현하였다. 한반도에서 PET의 시공간적 변화 양상은 현재와 미래 조건에서 지역에 따라 차이를 보였다. 전반적으로 한반도에서는 PET와 $PET_{rice}$가 21세기 후반으로 갈수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 예측 결과들은 지역과 시기에 따라 증발산량 증가에 대응하기 위한 수자원 관리가 필요하다는 것을 암시하였다. 예를 들어, 현재 조건에서 습윤 지역으로 분류되던 충청남도 지역이 21세기 중반 이후에는 아습윤 지역으로 바뀔 것으로 전망되었다. 이러한 결과들은 PET와 DI 등 수자원과 관련된 변수 값들의 시공간적인 계산과 분석을 통해 미래 기후조건에서 작물 생산성을 증진시키기 위한 적응 대책 수립을 지원할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, readGrADSWrapper와 같은 격자형 기상 자료의 처리도구의 활용을 통해 보다 다양한 응용기후 변수에 대한 전자기후도 생산 및 분석을 원활히 수행할 수 있을 것이다.