• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.717-730
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• 1998

The Finite Element Analysis has been used for stress analysis of prosthesis, orthodontic or orthopedic appliances and filling materials. The primary purpose of the present studying was to evaluate the effectiveness of needle post in promoting the retention and integrity of composite crown restored on the pulpotomized primary central incisor. Three finite element models-natural tooth (Sample I), composite crown with (Sample II) and without (Sample III) needle post-were constructed and the stress distribution within each model were analyzed and compared one another. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. In sample I, the stress was shown to have distributed uniformly throughout the whole tooth even to the alveolar bone. 2. In sample II, the transmission of stress from the crown to the root area was shown to be very poor and irregular. 3. In sample III, the needle post was proved to be very effective in distributing the stress well to the aveolar bone which might help in maintaining the stability of crown restoration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.33.1-33.12
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• 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the restorative technique on the mechanical response of endodontically-treated upper premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight premolars received MOD preparation (4 groups, n = 12) with different restorative techniques: glass ionomer cement + composite resin (the GIC group), a metallic post + composite resin (the MP group), a fiberglass post + composite resin (the FGP group), or no endodontic treatment + restoration with composite resin (the CR group). Cusp strain and load-bearing capacity were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used with ${\alpha}=5%$. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate displacement and tensile stress for the teeth and restorations. Results: MP showed the highest cusp (p = 0.027) deflection ($24.28{\pm}5.09{\mu}m/{\mu}m$), followed by FGP ($20.61{\pm}5.05{\mu}m/{\mu}m$), CR ($17.62{\pm}7.00{\mu}m/{\mu}m$), and GIC ($17.62{\pm}7.00{\mu}m/{\mu}m$). For load-bearing, CR ($38.89{\pm}3.24N$) showed the highest, followed by GIC ($37.51{\pm}6.69N$), FGP ($29.80{\pm}10.03N$), and MP ($18.41{\pm}4.15N$) (p = 0.001) value. FEA showed similar behavior in the restorations in all groups, while MP showed the highest stress concentration in the tooth and post. Conclusions: There is no mechanical advantage in using intraradicular posts for endodontically-treated premolars requiring MOD restoration. Filling the pulp chamber with GIC and restoring the tooth with only CR showed the most promising results for cusp deflection, failure load, and stress distribution.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of urinary mercury and analyze which factors would affect urinary mercury concentration among dental hygienists in dental clinics. Methods: This study conducted by questionnaire and detection of urinary mercury concentration of 268 dental hygienists working in dental clinics from July to August of 2009. Data collected from two hundred and thirty-five dental hygienists were analyzed by the geometric mean (GM). Analytical results of urine samples with less than 0.3 g creatinine/L and greater than 3g creatinine/L were excluded from statistical analysis. Results: Urinary mercury concentration of 235 dental hygienists showed the geometric distribution. The arithmetic and geometric means of urinary mercury concentration were $0.996{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $0.755{\mu}g/g$ creatinine, respectively. From multiple regression analysis, the number of amalgam filling, the consumption frequency of raw fish and the number of amalgam handling in current workplace was revealed as increasing factors of urinary mercury concentration. Conclusions: The level of urinary mercury in dental hygienists was higher than in general Korean population. The number of amalgam filling, the consumption frequency of raw fish and the number of amalgam handling in current workplace was revealed as increasing factors of urinary mercury concentration. Therefore using resin materials instead of amalgam in dental clinics is highly desirable.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of stress within the regenerated bone surrounding the implant using three dimensional finite element stress analysis method. Using ANSYS software revision 6.0 (IronCAD LLC, USA), a program was written to generate a model simulating a cylindrical block section of the mandible 20 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter. The $5.0{\times}11.5-mm$ screw implant (3i, USA) was used for this study, and was assumed to be 100% osseointegrated. And it was restored with gold crown with resin filling at the central fossa area. The implant was surrounded by the regenerated type IV bone, with 4 mm in width and 7 mm apical to the platform of implant in length. And the regenerated bone was surrounded by type I, type II, and type III bone, respectively. The present study used a fine grid model incorporating elements between 250,820 and 352,494 and nodal points between 47,978 and 67,471. A load of 200N was applied at the 3 points on occlusal surfaces of the restoration, the central fossa, outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole, and the functional cusp, at a 0 degree angle to the vertical axis of the implant, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The stress distribution in the regenerated bone-implant interface was highly dependent on both the density of the native bone surrounding the regenerated bone and the loading point. 2. A load of 200N at the buccal cusp produced 5-fold increase in the stress concentration at the neck of the implant and apex of regenerated bone irrespective of surrounding bone density compared to a load of 200N at the central fossa. 3. It was found that stress was more homogeneously distributed along the side of implant when the implant was surrounded by both regenerated bone and native type III bone. In summary, these data indicate that concentration of stress on the implant-regenerated bone interface depends on both the native bone quality surrounding the regenerated bone adjacent to implant and the load direction applied on the prosthesis.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2009

접착용 에폭시 수지 L-30과 충전용 에폭시 수지 L-50을 대상으로 활석, 규사, 규회석을 중량비 5, 50, 80, 120, 150% 비율로 혼합하여 첨가제에 따른 에폭시수지의 특성을 고찰하였다. 각 재료의 점도와 색도를 측정하고, 이온크로마토그래피 분석, 주사전자현미경관찰을 실시하였다. 또한 실제 석조문화재 적용 시 안정성을 평가하고자 초음파속도와 압축강도, 접촉각 측정을 실시하였다. 활석을 혼합한 경우 에폭시 몰탈은 낮은 초음파 속도를 보이며, 압축강도는 배합 비율이 높아짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 반면 규회석을 혼합한 에폭시 몰탈의 경우에는 상대적으로 높은 초음파 속도를 보이며, 배합 비율이 높아짐에 따라 강도가 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다. 이는 석조문화재의 접착 충전제의 물성이 첨가제의 특성, 즉 입도 및 형태에 의해 영향을 받는다고 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 충전제는 수지의 종류는 물론 첨가제의 종류와 특성, 배합비에 따른 특성이 다르므로, 문화재 적용 시에는 이를 고려한 처리제의 선택이 중요하다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.450-460
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 복합레진의 중합수축시 와동의 형태, 접착층의 성숙도, 및 와동의 부피가 와동저의 접착면에 발생되는 중합수축응력에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 1급 와동 충전시의 응력발생을 모방하기 위해, 98개의 대구치를 $2\times2\times2$ 실험군에 무작위로 분배하고 교합면 상아질을 평탄하게 연마한 후, 복합레진 충전을 위한 몰드의 역할을 할 수 있는 구멍을 가진 iris를 올려놓고 복합레진을 bulk-filling법으로 충전하였다. 각각의 변수로서 와동 형태에 관하여는 iris 재질 (접착제를 도포한 상아질 iris: 높은 C-factor, Teflon 처리된 금속 iris: 낮은 C-factor), 접착층의 성숙도에 관하여는 2종의 접착제 (Scotchbond Multi-purpose와 Xeno III), 와동의 부피에 관하여는 iris내 구멍의 직경 (직경 1 또는 $3mm{\times}높이$) 5mm)을 달리하여 전단접착강도를 측정하였다 와동의 C-factor가 클수록, 접착층의 성숙도가 우수할수록 그리고 부피가 클수록 접착력은 유의하게 감소하였다. 복합레진이 중합될 때, 와동의 형태적 제한에 따라 레진-상아질 접착계면에 발생되는 중합수축응력은 접착이 우수할수록 복합레진의 부피가 클수록 증가되므로, C-factor를 정의할 때 와동의 형태뿐 아니라, 접착층의 성숙도와 복합레진의 부피도 함께 고려되어야 된다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.65-68
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• 2001

Short shot is a molded part that is incomplete since insufficient material was injected into the mold. Remedial actions to solve short shot can be done by injection molding experts based on their empirical knowledge. Modifying mold and part, changing resin to less viscous one, and adjusting process conditions are general remedies. Experts of injection molding might try to adjust process conditions such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time based on their empirical knowledge as the first remedy because adjustment of process conditions is the most economic way in time and cost. However it is difficult to find appropriate process conditions as they are highly coupled and there are so many elements to be considered. In this paper, a fuzzy logic algorithm has been proposed to find an appropriate mold temperature. With the percentage of the insufficient Quantity of an injection molded part, an appropriate mold temperature can be obtained by the fuzzy logic algorithm.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2002

Short shot is a molded part that is incomplete since insufficient material was injected into the mold. Remedial actions to solve short shot can be dune by injection molding experts based on their empirical knowledge. Modifying mold and part, changing resin to less viscous one, and adjusting process conditions are general remedies. Experts of injection molding might try to adjust process conditions such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time based on their empirical knowledge as the first remedy because adjustment of process conditions is the most economic way in time and cost. However it is difficult to find appropriate process conditions as they are highly coupled and there are so many elements to be considered. In this paper, a fuzzy logic algorithm has been proposed to find an appropriate mold temperature. With the percentage of the insufficient quantity of an injection molded part, an appropriate mold temperature can be obtained by the fuzzy logic algorithm.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 1980

The author conducted a dental survey of a college girl students and compared with that of E college students 10 years ago which based on the same criteria. The items of this survey included the prevalence of dental caries, DMFT and the kinds of restored material. All college students 1,414 were examined in May 1978, with the recommended criteria and method of W.H.O.. Among them, the data of 1,393 were analyzed for this study. The following results were obtained: 1. The average number of present teeth were 28.97${\pm}$1.64. 2. The prevalence of dental caries was 84.92% and D.M.F. index was 15.51. Average D.M.F. teeth were 4.49${\pm}$3.69. 3. The average number of decayed (D) teeth were 2.09${\pm}$2.16. 4.30% of the present decayed teeth was secondary decay, and 2.44% of the decayed teeth was indicated for extraction. 4. The average number of missing(M) teeth were 0.32${\pm}$0.79. It included 8.56% of root fragements. 5. Average number of filled(F) teeth were 2.09${\pm}$3.17. F-ratio of this group was 46.45%. The analysis revealed 50.88% of amalgam alloy, 31.41% of gold inlays, and 1.20%, the least among the filling materials, silicate cement or composite resin. 6. While the prosthodontic treatment, such as crown and bridge has reduced than that of 10 years ago, the fillings and inlays as the conservative means has increased.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2022

Hydraulic units are important components of agricultural and construction machinery, and thus require high-quality castings. However, gas defects occurring inside the sand cores of the castings due to the resin used is a problem. This study therefore aimed to develop a casting simulation method that can clarify the gas defect positions. Gas defects are thought to be caused by gas generated after the molten metal fills up the mold cavity. The gas constant is the most effective factor for simulating this gas generated from sand cores. It is calculated by gas generating temperature and analysis of composition in the inert gas atmosphere modified according to the mold filling conditions of molten metal. It is assumed that gases generated from the inside of castings remain if the following formula is established. [Time of occurrence of gas generation] + [Time of occurrence of gas floating] > [Time of occurrence of casting surface solidification] The possibility of gas defects is evaluated by the time of occurrence of gas generation and gas floating calculated using the gas constant. The residual position of generated gases is decided by the closed loops indicating the final solidification location in the casting simulation. The above procedure enables us to suggest suitable casting designs with zero gas defects, without the need to repeat casting tests.