• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1997

Distribution and persistence of fenitrothion in rats were studied following oral administration of a single dose 300 mg/kg of body weight. Residue of the parent compound was analyzed in blood, liver, kidney, brain, lung and heart 2, 4, 6, 8 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days after oral administration. The maximum concentration of fenitrothion appeared in the blood, kidney, heart on the 2 hour and liver, brain, lung on the 4 hour. Residues of the parent compound in kidney were much higher and persistent than other tissues and the pesticide was not detected on the 7th day. Recoveries were ranged from 83.0(lung, $1 \mu g/g$) to 97.5%(blood, $1.5 \mu g/ml$).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2006

Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP, EC 3.4.21.26, also referred to as prolyl oligopeptidase) degrades proline containing, biologically active neuropeptides such as vasopressin, substance P and thyrotropin-releasing hormone by cleaving peptide bonds on carboxyl side of prolyl residue within neuropeptides of less than 30 amino acids. Evaluation of PEP levels in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients revealed significant increases in PEP activity. Therefore, a specific PEP inhibitor can be a good candidate of drug against memory loss. Upon our examination for PEP inhibitory activity from micronutrients, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) showed small but significant PEP inhibition (13% PEP inhibition at $8{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$). Palmitic acid showed almost no PEP inhibition. However, 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbic acid ($\underline{1}$) showed 70% PEP inhibition at $8{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ indicating that hydrophobic portion of the compound $\underline{1}$ may facilitate the inhibitory effect. $IC_{50}$ value of compound $\underline{1}$ was $12.6{\pm}0.2{\mu}M$. The primary and secondary Lineweaver Burk and Dixon plots for compound $\underline{1}$ indicated that it is a non-competitive inhibitor with inhibition constant (Ki) value of $23.7{\mu}M$.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.134.1-134
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and other compounds from cell wall materials(CWM) and their cellulose fraction from carrot with chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. To investigate this effect on cell wall chemistry of carrot, alcohol insoluble residue(AIR) of CWM were prepared and were extracted sequentially with water, imidazole, CDTA(-1, -2), Na$_2$CO$_3$(-1, -2), KOH(0.5, 1.0 and 4M), to leave a residue. These were analysed for their carbohydrate and phenolic acids composition. Arabinose and galactose were the main noncellulosic sugars. Phenolics esterified to cell walls in carrot were found to consist primarily of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with minor contribution from vanillin, ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was quite strongly bound to the cell wall. The contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in 0.5M KOH, Na$_2$CO$_3$-2, IM KOH, and ${\alpha}$-cellulose were 2,097, 1,360, 1,140, and 717 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g AIR from CWM, respectively. Alkali labile unknown aromatic compound(C$\sub$7/H$\sub$10/O$_2$) was found in ${\alpha}$ -cellulose hydrolyzate digested with driselase and cellulase. This compound was also found in hydrolyzate of 2 M trifluoroacetic acid at 120$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Driselase treatment solubilized only 46.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid from carrot AIR. These results indicate that p-hydroxybenzoic acid was associated with neutral polysaccharides, long chain galactose and branched arabinan from graded alcohol precipitation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.712-718
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• 2011

Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is frequently used in Asian countries as a traditional medicine. The major components of ginseng are ginsenosides. Among these, ginsenoside compound K has been reported to prevent the formation of malignancy and metastasis of cancer by blocking the formation of tumor and suppressing the invasion of cancer cells. In this study, ginsenoside $Rb_1$ was converted into compound K, via secreted ${\beta}$-glucosidase enzyme from the Leuconostoc lactis DC201 isolated, which was extracted from Kimchi. The strain DC201 was suspended and cultured in MRS broth at $37^{\circ}C$. Subsequently, the residue from the cultured broth supernatant was precipitated with EtOH and then dissolved in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) to obtain an enzyme liquid. Meanwhile, the crude enzyme solution was mixed with ginsenoside $Rb_1$ at a ratio of 1:4 (v/v).The reaction was carried out at $30^{\circ}C$ and 190 rpm for 72 hours, and then analyzed by TLC and HPLC. The result showed that ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed into compound K after 72 hours post reaction.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2013

2009년 일본으로 수출된 착색단고추에서 flonicamid 성분이 일본 농약잔류허용기준을 초과한 사례가 발생되어 원인 구명을 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 농산물 중 flonicamid의 잔류분석 대상성분은 모화합물과 두 종류 대사산물 TFNG와 TFNA를 합한 값으로 표시한다. 착색단고추 중 flonicamid의 잔류특성을 밝히기 위해 재배농가 3곳을 선정하여 약제를 7일 간격 3회 살포 후 1~21일 경과시점의 잔류량을 조사하였다. 평균 잔류량은 0.176, 0.152, 0.108 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이였으며, 포장간 잔류량의 차이가 있었다. 초기 잔류량 보다 10일 이후 상대적으로 더 높은 잔류량을 유지하였으나 전반적인 잔류수준은 국내 잔류허용기준인 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$, 2009년 기준 초과시 일본의 잔류허용기준인 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$보다 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 살포 농도가 잔류량에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 추천 희석배수의 배량(1,500배)을 7일 간격 3회 살포한 후 total flonicamid의 잔류량을 조사하였는데 배량 살포구에서 21일차에 0.429 mg $kg^{-1}$이 검출되어 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$을 초과하였다. 착색단고추 중 모화합물과 대사산물의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 약제 살포 후 1~49일 동안의 경시적 변화를 확인한 결과 모화합물은 1일차에 0.06 mg $kg^{-1}$으로 최고치를 보였으며 이후 지속적으로 감소되어 49일차에는 0.01 mg $kg^{-1}$ 미만이 검출된 반면 대사산물 TFNG와 TFNA는 1일차 각각 0.012, 0.007 mg $kg^{-1}$이 검출되었고 그 양은 점차 증가되어 49일차에 각각 0.163, 0.047 mg $kg^{-1}$이 검출되어 최고치를 보였다. 이는 glycine 구조를 가진 대사물 TFNG가 지속적으로 늘어나 최종 살포 후 49일 동안 열매 중 total flonicamid 잔류량이 크게 감소하지 않는 경향을 나타내었기 때문이다. 따라서 착색단고추의 flonicamid 잔류량 시험은 장기간 조사가 필요하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1992

실릴콘 산화막을 $CHF_3/C_2F_6$ 혼합가스를 사용하여 반응성이온 건식식각을 행할 때 실리콘 표면에 형성되는 잔류막과 손상충의 열적 거동을 X-선 광전자 분광기(XPS)와 이차이온 질량 분석기 (SIMS)를 사용, 연구하였다. 저항가열을 통한 in-situ 분석에 의해 폴리머 잔류막은 $200^{\circ}C$부터 분해가 시작되고 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상의 가열에서는 graphite 형태의 탄소 결합체를 형성하며 분해됨을 알았다. 질소 분위기하의 급속 열처리를 통해 잔류막의 열분해는 $800^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 완료되고 손상층을 형성하는 침투 불순원소의 기판 외부로의 확산이 관찰되었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.114.2-114.2
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• 2011

Furfural is a versatile derivative. It can be utilized for a building-block of furfuryl alcohol production and a component of fuels or liquid alkanes. But in bio-process, furfural is a critical compound because it inhibits cell growth and metabolism. Furfural could be converted from xylose and usually produced from biomass in which hemicellulose is abundant. In this study, furfural production from miscanthus was performed and utilization of miscanthus residue was consequently conducted. At first, hydrolysis for investigation of miscanthus composition and furfural production was performed using sulfuric acid. Previously, we optimized dilute acid pretreatment condition for miscanthus pretreatment and the condition was found to be about 15 min of reaction time, 1.5% of acid concentration and about $140^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 60% (about 7 g/L) of xylose was solubilized from miscanthus. Using the xylose, furfural production was conducted as second step. Approximately $160{\sim}200^{\circ}C$ of temperature was accompanied with the hydrolysis for pyrolysis of biomass. When the investigated condition; $180^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 20 min of reaction time and 2% of acid concentration was operated for furfural production, furfural productivity was reached to be 77% of theoretical maximum. After reaction, residue of miscanthus was utilized as feedstock of ethanol fermentation. Residue was well washed using water and saccharified using hydrolysis enzymes. Hydrolysate (glucose) from saccharification was utilized for the carbon source of Saccharomyces cervisiae K35.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2003

The characteristics of the commercial garbage-decomposing accelerant, Raw Material of Pomia(RMP), Pomia and Vitabio. were analyzed. In HPLC pattern, Pomia and Vitabio showed main peak of about 30kDa in 280nm wave length. RMP, Pomia and Vitabio showed three, two and two peaks in 210nm. K and Na ion content of RMP were 2,620 and 1,590ppm, respectively, and their content were the largest one among others. Ca, Mg and Mn ion content of RMP were also the largest one, but Zn ion content was the least one. $Cl^{-}$, $F^{-}$ and $NO_3^{-}$ ion content of RMP were the largest one, especially $Cl^{-}$ content was 3,553ppm. pH values of RMP and Pomia were in neutral region, but Vitabio was 9.03. Dried residue content of RMP, Pomia and Vitabio were 1.4%, 0.55% and 0.4%, respectively. The number of general bacteria on PCA plate from RMP, Pomia and Vitabio were 2.2{\times}10^{6}cfu/ml,{\;}6.5{\times}10^{3}cfu/ml{\;}and{\;}1.1{\times}10^{3}cfu/ml$, respectively. The number of facultative anaerobes of RMP was $4.4{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{4}cfu/ml$, and it was biggest one. Lactobacilli and yeasts were found less than 10cfu/ml at best. The bacterium exists in RMP in high frequency was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Volatile sulfur compound amount of garbage samples treated with Pomia and Vitabio in concentration of 1/500 at $33^{\circ}C$ for 8 days were 1,273ppb and 1,902ppb, respectively, and control showed 3,015ppb. Volatile organic compound amount of the garbage samples treated were 68,312ppb, 124,317ppb and 263,954ppm, respectively. Diethylamine that known as malodor compound were 5,107ppb, 261ppb and 11,124ppb, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.1755-1761
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• 2016

간장박 및 그 산가수분해물의 휘발성 향기성분을 SPME/GC/MSD 분석법으로 분석한 결과 총 79종의 화합물이 간장박(66종)과 산가수분해물(60종)에서 동정되었다. 에스테르 및 알코올류가 각각 15종으로 가장 많았고, 알데히드류 11종, 산류 9종, 방향족 화합물류 8종, 퓨란류 8종, 케톤류 7종 및 기타 화합물류 6종이었다. 함량 면에서는 간장박에서 알코올 함량(433.37 ng/g)이 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 알데히드류(273.01 ng/g), 에스테르류(236.80 ng/g) 및 방향족 화합물류(180.66 ng/g) 순이었다. 산가수분해물에서는 퓨란류가 249.27 ng/g으로 가장 많았으며(P<0.05), 알코올을 제외한 나머지 화합물류는 15 ng/g 미만이었다. 간장박에서는 4종의 에스테르류, 3-methylbutyl acetate(바나나/배향), ethyl 3-methyl butanoate(익은 과일향), ethylbenzene acetate(와인향), ethyl 3-methyl butanoate(사과향), 3종의 알코올류, 3-methyl-1-butanol(과일/위스키향), 2-phenylethanol(꽃/달콤한향), 1-octen-3-ol(버섯향), 4종의 알데히드류, (E)-2-phenyl-2-butenal(초코렛향), benzaldehyde(알몬드향), 3-methylbutanal(엿기름향), 2-phenylacetaldehyde(꽃향), 4종의 방향족 화합물류, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol(연기향/간장향), 4-ethylphenol(약품향), 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol(나무향), phenol(나무향) 및 2종의 퓨란류, fufural(알몬드향), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone(카라멜향)이 지배적이었다. 반면에 산가수분해물에서는 furfural, 5-methylfurfural(알몬드향), 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde 등의 화합물이 지배적이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.535-540
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• 2012

A series of benzamide-based histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors possessing N-(aminopyridine) residue as the zinc binding site of HDAC were synthesized and evaluated. Among these derivatives, compounds with N-(2-amino-4-pyridine) benzamide moiety have been found as the most potent ones. Moreover, introduction of appropriate substituents on the terminal aryl group acting as the surface-recognition domain could significantly improve the antiproliferative activity. In particular, the compound 4k possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and exhibited potent antitumor activity on xenograft model in mice at well tolerated doses, thus suggesting a good therapeutic index.