• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.423-428
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• 1996

Optimum conditions for hydrolysis were investigated to enhance water-solubilities of protein-bound polysaccharides in the basidiocarps of Ganoderma lucidum by treating chymotrypsin. We also attempted with Ganoderma lucidum residue remaining after extracting hot water-soluble compoents in Ganoderma lucidum. After hydrolyzing under optimum conditions (20 ppm chymotrypsin, 2% Gampderma lucidum or 6% Ganoderma lucidum residue, at pH 10 and at $ 40^{\circ}C$), the amounts of total protein and carbohydrate of hydrolysate were measured. Michaelis constant, $K_{m}$, and maximum rate, $V_{max}$, calculated by Lineweaver-Buck plot for the hydrolysis of Ganoderma lucidum were 1.73% and 0.073%/min respectively and those for hydrolysis of Ganoderma lucidum residue were 2.40% and 0.033%/min respectively. The amount of polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (100 g) treated with chymotrypsin was only 3.07 g, but significantly increased amount (14.34 g) of polysaccharides was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum residue (100 g) treated with chymotrypsin. The protein-bound polysaccharide was isolated from the non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed sample and molecular weights of the polysaccharide were measured by Sepharose CL-48 gel filtration.

• Carbon letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2012

We analyzed the effect of etchants for metal catalysts in terms of the characteristics of resulting graphene films, such as sheet resistance, hall mobility, transmittance, and carrier concentration. We found the residue of $FeCl_3$ etchant degraded the sheet resistance and mobility of graphene films. The residue was identified as an iron oxide containing a small amount of Cl through elemental analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To remove this residue, we provide an alternative etching solution by introducing acidic etching solutions and their combinations ($HNO_3$, HCl, $FeCl_3$ + HCl, and $FeCl_3+HNO_3$). The combination of $FeCl_3$ and acidic solutions (HCl and $HNO_3$) resulted in more enhanced electrical properties than pure etchants, which is attributed to the elimination of left over etching residue, and a small amount of amorphous carbon debris after the etching process.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Most of the herb residue producing from oriental medical clinics(OMC) and hospitals(OMH) is wasted in Korea. To develop of adsorbent for removing heavy metal from wastewater, the various pre-treatment methods of the herb residue were evaluated by potentiometric titration, Freundlich isotherm adsorption test and the kinetic adsorption test. The herb residue was pre-treated for increasing the adsorption capacity by cleaning with distilled water, 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH and by heating at $370^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. It showed a typical weak acid-weak base titration curve and a short pH break like commercial activated carbon during photentiometric titration of pre-treated herb residue. The log-log plots in the Freundlich isotherm test were linear on the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH or HCl like commercial activated carbon. The adsorption capacity(qe) in the Freundlich isotherm test for $Cr^{6+}$ was 1.5 times higher in the pre-treated herb residue with HCl than in activated carbon. On the other hand the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH showed the good adsorption capacities for $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ even though those adsorption capacities were lower than that of activated carbon. In kinetic test, most of heavy metals removed within the first 10 min of contact and then approached to equilibrium with increasing contact time. The removal rate of heavy metals increased with an increase of the amount of adsorbent. Likewise, the removal rates of heavy metals were higher in the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH than in that pre-treated with HCl. The adsorption preference of herb residues pre-treated with NaOH or HCl was $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}$ or $Cd^{2+}>Cr^{6+}$ in the order. Conclusively, the herb residue can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals depending on pr-treatment methods.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2010

ELVs (End-of-Vehicles) in Korea incrasease continusely because of increase of used car. Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) is final product of ELVs (End-of-Vehicles) after recycling. Automobile Shredder Residue are composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust. In this study, 5 ton/day pilot plant of shaft type has been designed and constructed and 15 times of test run were performed. For the stable operation, operation conditions such as the amount of fed ASR and cokes, air flow and temperature in the gasification melting system have been changed and the composition of the produced gas such as $H_2$, CO and $CH_4$ and air pollution compound including dioxin discharged from the stack have been analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2023

The rendering residue generated by rendering disposal, an eco-friendly livestock carcass disposal method, is a useful agricultural resource. Methods for recycling this are being actively researched, and this study investigated the impact of applying rendered residue directly to soil on crop productivity and the agricultural environment. The chemical properties of the rendering residue were examined. The pH, OM, T-N, T-P, CaO, K₂O, and MgO content values were 5.47%, 59.8%, 9.22%, 2.96%, 2.16%, 0.51% and 0.10%, respectively. Treatment conditions were divided into control, inorganic fertilizer, and rendering residue, and rendering residue corresponding to 50, 100, and 200% nitrogen content was applied based on the amount of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen input. Greenhouse gases and ammonia were collected during the cultivation period. Rendering residue increased both the yield and growth of peppers and was effective in improving nutrients such as pH and OM of the soil after harvest. However, compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, it increased emissions of nitrous oxide and methane as well as ammonia. It is judged that the direct agricultural use of rendering residue is difficult, and a utilization method is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.626-631
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• 2006

The adsorption features of copper ion have been investigated by taking the barley residue which occurring from the beer production process as an adsorbent. Under the experimental conditions, adsorption equilibrium of copper ion was attained within 30 minutes after the adsorption started and the adsorption reaction was observed to be first order. As the temperature increased, the adsorbed amount of copper ion at equilibrium was also increased, which indicated that the adsorption reaction was endothermic. Based on the experimental results which obtained by varying the temperatures, several thermodynamic parameters for copper adsorption reaction were estimated. Regarding the electrokinetic behavior of barley residue, its electrokinetic potential was observed to be positive below pH 5 and turned into negative above this pH. In the pH range from 1.5 to 4, copper adsorption was found to be increased, which was well explained by the electrokinetic behavior of barley residue in the pH range. When nitrilotriacetic acid, which is a complexing agent, was coexisted with copper ion, equilibrium adsorption of copper ion was decreased and this was presumed to be due to the formation of metal complex. In addition, the adsorbed amount of copper ion was examined to be increased when $KNO_3$ was coexisted, however, it approached a saturated value above a certain concentration of $KNO_3$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.78-87
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• 2013

Even though the notice No. 2010-11 of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Administration that has been applied to analyze the content of the water soluble residue eluted from multi-layer paperboard was abolished in 2011, its application for the analysis on evaporation residue is still valid. There are very high possibilities that the noticed existing method gives the misleading result on the evaporation residue due to the water soluble starch eluted from the multi-layer paperboard. The quantitative analysis on water-soluble residue with starch content correction has been carried in the study using UV/Vis spectroscopy and HPLC. The UV/Vis spectroscopy absorbance analysis showed the large amount of the oxidized starch obtained from the aqueous residue eluted out of the multi-layer paperboard after the iodine, ${\alpha}$-amylase reaction, and starch hydrolysis. The residual content decreased by the correction through the enzyme hydrolysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.2926-2936
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• 2021

Rare-earth (RE) industries generate a massive amount of radioactive residue containing high thorium concentrations. Due to the fact that thorium is considered a non-economic element, large volume of these RE processed residues are commonly disposed of without treatment. It is essential to study an appropriate treatment that could reduce the volume of waste for final disposition. To this end, this research investigates the applicability of carbon-based adsorbent in separating thorium from aqueous phase sulphate is obtained from the cracking and leaching process of solid rare-earth by-product residue. Adsorption of thorium from the aqueous phase sulphate by carbon-based electrodes was investigated through electrosorption experiments conducted at a duration of 180 minutes with a positive potential variable range of +0.2V to +0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Through this research, the specific capacity obtained was equivalent to 1.0 to 5.14 mg-Th/g-Carbon. Furthermore, electrosorption of thorium ions from aqueous phase sulphate is found to be most favorable at a higher positive potential of +0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl). This study's findings elucidate the removal of thorium from the rare-earth residue by carbon-based electrodes and simultaneously its potential to reduce disposal waste of untreated residue.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.911-921
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• 2022

Maximum residue limits (MRL) for pesticides in feed have been set to protect public health and produce safe livestock products. In vivo experiments to establish MRL are essential, as livestock are commonly used to obtain reliable in vivo quantitative information. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether small laboratory animals can replace or reduce monogastric livestock in experiments to quantify pesticide residues in vivo after oral consumption through feed. First, 24 pigs and rats were randomly assigned to four groups and fed 0, 3, 9, or 30 mg/kg of sulfoxaflor. After four weeks, serum, muscle, fat, liver, kidney, and small intestine samples were collected, and sulfoxaflor residues were analyzed using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Sulfoxaflor residues in pig tissues were significantly correlated with those in rat tissues. Model equations were formulated based on the residual sulfoxaflor amount in pig and rat tissues. The calculated and measured sulfoxaflor residues in pigs and rats showed more than 90% similarity. Sulfoxaflor did not affect body weight gain, feed intake, or the feed conversion ratio. Therefore, we concluded that pesticide residue quantification in vivo to establish MRL could be performed using small laboratory animals instead of livestock animals. This would contribute to obtaining in vivo pesticide residue information and reducing large-scale livestock animal experiments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2009

The liquid phase LPG injection (LPLi) system (the 3rd generation technology) has been considered as one of the most promising fuel supply systems for LPG vehicles. To investigate the reaction characteristics of LPG with rubber parts in LPLi system, various rubbers were tested. The results showed that the amount of residue from the cover rubber of a fuel pump was increased about 10 times after testing. Furthermore, the amount of sulfur and nitrogen species which are considered as main sources of deposit formation in LPLi fuel injectors were also found to be higher than those in original LPG fuel. In addition, these residues made the core parts of LPLi injector such as needle and nozzle, partially worn, which eventually causes leakage in LPLi injectors.