• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2168-2187
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• 2021

The smart grid replaces the traditional power structure with information inventiveness that contributes to a new physical structure. In such a field, malicious information injection can potentially lead to extreme results. Incorrect, FDI attacks will never be identified by typical residual techniques for false data identification. Most of the work on the detection of FDI attacks is based on the linearized power system model DC and does not detect attacks from the AC model. Also, the overwhelming majority of current FDIA recognition approaches focus on FDIA, whilst significant injection location data cannot be achieved. Building on the continuous developments in deep learning, we propose a Deep Learning based Locational Detection technique to continuously recognize the specific areas of FDIA. In the development area solver gap happiness is a False Data Detector (FDD) that incorporates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The FDD is established enough to catch the fake information. As a multi-label classifier, the following CNN is utilized to evaluate the irregularity and cooccurrence dependency of power flow calculations due to the possible attacks. There are no earlier statistical assumptions in the architecture proposed, as they are "model-free." It is also "cost-accommodating" since it does not alter the current FDD framework and it is only several microseconds on a household computer during the identification procedure. We have shown that ANN-MLP, SVM-RBF, and CNN can conduct locational detection under different noise and attack circumstances through broad experience in IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus systems. Moreover, the multi-name classification method used successfully improves the precision of the present identification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2022

The countermeasure for the shortage of water during dry season and drought period has not been considered with return flowrate in detail. In this study, the outflow of STP was predicted through a data-based machine learning model, LSTM. As the first step, outflow, inflow, precipitation and water elevation were utilized as input data, and the distribution of variance was additionally considered to improve the accuracy of the prediction. When considering the variability of the outflow data, the residual between the observed value and the distribution was assumed to be in the form of a complex trigonometric function and presented in the form of the optimal distribution of the outflow along with the theoretical probability distribution. It was apparently found that the degree of error was reduced when compared to the case not considering where the variance distribution. Therefore, it is expected that the outflow prediction model constructed in this study can be used as basic data for establishing an efficient river management system as more accurate prediction is possible.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

Shallow failures of slopes in weathered soils are caused by infiltration caused by prolonged rainfall. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting band accompanied by a decrease in suction induced by the water infiltration. In this paper, hysteresis on soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of granite and gneiss weathered soils is investigated using transient flow analysis respectively. Each case was subjected to artificial rainfall intensities and time duration depending on the laboratory-based drying and wetting processes. The results show that the unsaturated seepage on weathered slopes are very much affected by the initial suction of soils and unsaturated permeability of the soils. In addition, a granite weathered soil has a lower air-entry value, residual matric suction, and wetting front suction and less hysteresis loop than a gneiss weathered soil.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2023

Background: Resin-based dental materials release residual monomers or other substances from incomplete polymerization into the oral cavity, thereby causing adverse biological effects on oral tissue. 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), an acidic monomer containing dihydrogen phosphate and methacrylate groups, is the most commonly used component of resin-based dental materials, such as restorative composite resins, dentin adhesives, and resin cements. Although previous studies have reported the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility in various cultured cells, the effects of resin monomers on cellular aging have not been reported to date. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the resin monomer 10-MDP on cellular senescence and inflamm-aging in vitro. Methods: After stimulation with 10-MDP, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were examined for cell viability by WST-8 assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA levels of molecular markers of aging were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. Results: Treatment with 0.05 to 1 mM 10-MDP for 24 hours reduced the survival of MC3T3-E1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The intracellular ROS levels in the 10-MDP-treated experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. 10-MDP at a concentration of 0.1 mM increased p53, p16, and p21 protein levels. Additionally, an aging pattern was observed with blue staining due to intracellular senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Treatment with 10-MDP increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, however their expression was decreased by mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the exposure of osteoblast-like cells to the dental resin monomer 10-MDP, increases the level of cellular senescence and the inflammatory response is mediated by the MAPK pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.531-548
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• 2024

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a condition characterized by hip joint instability due to acetabular dysplasia in infancy, necessitating precise ultrasound examination. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is caused by a temporary disruption in blood flow to the femoral head during childhood, progressing through avascular, fragmentation, re-ossification, and residual stages. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a condition where the femoral head shifts medially along the epiphyseal line during adolescence due to stress, such as weight-bearing. Differentiating between transient hip synovitis and septic arthritis may require joint fluid aspiration. Osteomyelitis can be associated with soft tissue edema and osteolysis. When multiple lesions are present, it is essential to distinguish between Langerhans cell histiocytosis and metastatic neuroblastoma. This review will introduce imaging techniques and typical findings for these conditions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2024

Diagnosing wounds presents a significant challenge in clinical settings due to its complexity and the subjective assessments by clinicians. Wound deep learning algorithms quantitatively assess wounds, overcoming these challenges. However, a limitation in existing research is reliance on specific datasets. To address this limitation, we created a comprehensive dataset by combining open dataset with self-produced dataset to enhance clinical applicability. In the annotation process, machine learning based on Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) was utilized to improve objectivity and efficiency over time. Furthermore, the deep learning model was equipped U-net with residual blocks. Significant improvements were observed using the input dataset with images cropped to contain only the wound region of interest (ROI), as opposed to original sized dataset. As a result, the Dice score remarkably increased from 0.80 using the original dataset to 0.89 using the wound ROI crop dataset. This study highlights the need for diverse research using comprehensive datasets. In future study, we aim to further enhance and diversify our dataset to encompass different environments and ethnicities.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2020

This study aims to quantify the uncertainty that can be induced by the objective function when calibrating SWAT parameters using SWAT-CUP. SWAT model was constructed to estimate runoff in Naesenong-cheon, which is the one of mid-watershed in Nakdong River basin, and then automatic calibration was performed using eight objective functions (R², bR², NS, MNS, KGE, PBIAS, RSR, and SSQR). The optimum parameter sets obtained from each objective function showed different ranges, and thus the corresponding hydrologic characteristics of simulated data were also derived differently. This is because each objective function is sensitive to specific hydrologic signatures and evaluates model performance in an unique way. In other words, one objective function might be sensitive to the residual of the extreme value, so that well produce the peak value, whereas ignores the average or low flow residuals. Therefore, the hydrological similarity between the simulated and measured values was evaluated in order to select the optimum objective function. The hydrologic signatures, which include not only the magnitude, but also the ratio of the inclining and declining time in hydrograph, were defined to consider the timing of the flow occurrence, the response of watershed, and the increasing and decreasing trend. The results of evaluation were quantified by scoring method, and hence the optimal objective functions for SWAT parameter calibration were determined as MNS (342.48) and SSQR (346.45) with the highest total scores.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.498-501
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• 2012

A 10-month-old intact male Maltese dog (body weight, 1.6 kg) presented with intermittent cough and abnormal heart sounds. The dog was diagnosed with a left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the basis of the results of transthoracic echocardiography, color flow Doppler examination, and angiography. Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA was performed using the $Amplatz^{(R)}$ Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) via the femoral artery. The device was placed under fluoroscopic guidance and successfully occluded the PDA. The continuous heart murmur disappeared immediately after the correction and no residual flow was detected. The dog was discharged the following day and regularly examined for complications and safety. This is the first report demonstrating the clinical application of ACDO for the transcatheter closure of PDA via the femoral artery in a small-breed dog in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.288-291
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• 1988

We have veen already reported the distribution of PSP of bivalve mollusca in southern coast of Korea and also analyzed their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for PSP infested sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, by rearing methods or processing treatments. There was no significant detoxification effect when the PSP infested sea mussel was reared in a tank with water recirculation system, but the toxicity of sea mussel rapidly decreased during the rearing time in a water flow system with filtered water. The detoxification rate of PSP during the rearing for 5 days in a water flow system tank with $15-17^{\circ}C$ of sea water was $94\%$ in case of high toxic sample with more than $2,600{\mu}g/100g$ and about $40\%$ in case of low toxic sample with less than $100{\mu}g/100g$. The toxicity of PSP extracted from the sample with 0.1N/ HCl solution was about 2-5 times higher than that extracted with distilled water. When sea mussel contained $100-150{\mu}g-PSP$ per 100g of edible meat was boiled for 30 min with tap water, the toxicity was destroyed as the level of PSP undetected by mouse assay. We can suggest that boiling of sea mussel with tap water was one of the most significant detoxification methods, but it was not enough to be safe in case of extremely high intoxicated sea mussel with PSP. For example, the digestive gland of sea mussel contained more than $9593{\mu}g/100g$ was heated in a can with tap water at $116^{\circ}C$ for 65 min. the residual PSP was more than $170{\mu}g$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.297-302
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• 1988

We have veen already reported the distribution of PSP of bivalve mollusca in southern coast of Korea and also analyzed their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for PSP infested sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, by rearing methods or processing treatments. There was no significant detoxification effect when the PSP infested sea mussel was reared in a tank with water recirculation system, but the toxicity of sea mussel rapidly decreased during the rearing time in a water flow system with filtered water. The detoxification rate of PSP during the rearing for 5 days in a water flow system tank with $15-17^{\circ}C$ of sea water was $94\%$ in case of high toxic sample with more than $2,600{\mu}g/100g$ and about $40\%$ in case of low toxic sample with less than $100{\mu}g/100g$. The toxicity of PSP extracted from the sample with 0.1N/ HCl solution was about 2-5 times higher than that extracted with distilled water. When sea mussel contained $100-150{\mu}g-PSP$ per 100g of edible meat was boiled for 30 min with tap water, the toxicity was destroyed as the level of PSP undetected by mouse assay. We can suggest that boiling of sea mussel with tap water was one of the most significant detoxification methods, but it was not enough to be safe in case of extremely high intoxicated sea mussel with PSP. For example, the digestive gland of sea mussel contained more than $9593{\mu}g/100g$ was heated in a can with tap water at $116^{\circ}C$ for 65 min. the residual PSP was more than $170{\mu}g$.