• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

The height provisions, by the urban planning, describe the hightest height per width division, also define oblique line limitation by road without mentioning the highest per width division. Therefore this study will be a basic model for the standard of measuring the highest height per width division analysizing the propriety of current standard of oblique limitation. This technique is prepared to prevent the confusion and to complements the existing planning method. Therefore, it takes more time to establish this new method and to apply it to the existing condition. This study reviewed density control in District Units Plan, based on the guidelines of density, which included height, ratio of total floor to ground area, and land distribution. This study aims to provide efficient analysis by using current oblique limitation provisions Thus, proving the area rations of general residential areas are decreasing. Since the purpose of the District Units Plan is to avoid confusion and help ease the existing problematic conditions which have risen from the two above-mentioned conventional systems, further observation and research on these areas are necessary.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2016

Due to the development of technology, the modern people became to require not only more convenient life but also more comfortable and emotional environment, and individually suitable living environment is applied to residents in a residential space. Recently, while the LED lighting was variously attempted in every sector in society, it is needed to express differentiated lighting according to the resident's individual lifestyle in a residential space. In this paper, we analyze the role of LED lighting suitable for the digitalized lifestyle of the modern people through the relevant literature survey and case studies. The following results are obtained in summary of the rapidly changed recent trends of LED lighting. First, LED light replace existing light sources due to the advanced new technology in LED industry, and take the spotlight as a new lighting solution with the development of variable color LED bulb and the control technology by the wired and wireless communications. Second, LED lighting can be structurally applicable to every lighting device because of its compact and lightweight units, can produce abundant light environment by expression of variable colors and moods with the easy coloring and dimming control, can be reborn as emotional lighting design. Third, as recently practices are constantly appeared that integrate LED lights in the interior elements, such as object and furniture, and combine advanced LED lighting technology to new materials, the portion of illumination on the indoor environment is further increased after integrating the LED lighting and interior elements make boundaries of lighting and product architecture become blurred. LED lighting is confirmed that is being changed from the external functionality including material, shape, color, and etc. into the contextual emotion design including the lights expression, variable color, brightness control, making image, and etc. as the light source in current smart lighting era.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2011

단계구분도는 인구분포를 나타내기 위해 흔히 사용되는 방법으로 인구가 단위지역 내에 균등하게 존재함을 가정한다. 대시메트릭 지도제작법은 주거지역 정보를 통해 단계구분도보다 공간적으로 더 세밀한 인구분포를 작성할 수 있게 한다. 또한 피크노필랙틱 보간법은 단위지역 내 총인구를 유지하면서 주변지역의 인구를 고려하여 인구분포를 보간하는 방법으로 대시메트릭 지도제작법에 의한 인구분포를 연속적이고 부드럽게 하여 좀더 현실적인 인구분포도를 작성할 수 있게 한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 대시메트릭 지도제작법과 피크노필랙틱 보간법을 연계하는 방법을 제시하여 인구분포도의 정확도를 향상하고자 하였다. 제시한 방법을 적용하여 인구분포도를 작성하기 위해 1990년도 미국조지아주 Athens 시의 인구자료와 위성영상으로부터 추출된 주거지역 자료를 활용하였다. 결과를 검증하기 위해 인구분포도 작성에 활용된 공간단위보다 더 세밀한 공간단위의 인구자료를 활용하였으며 하이브리드 방법에 의해 높은 정확도를 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 하이브리드 대시메트릭에 의한 인구분포는 선거구, 학군, 분수계 등 각종 경계지역으로 변환이 용이해 다양한 응용분야에서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

Over the last decade, Saudi Arabia has experienced significant economic increases as evidenced by the 30% growth in its gross domestic product; furthermore, the construction industry has increased 10% in the same time period. Due to this significant growth, the construction industry is encountering issues related to construction quality resulting in significant waste and associated environmental impacts. In this research, we applied our previously developed framework that integrates three different methods-Lean, Green, and Six-sigma - to a residential construction complex in Saudi Arabia. Our aim of this case study was to explore the application of the framework in practice to glean quantitative results and further validate the framework. In the case study, we used the developed framework to identify a significant issue related to quality and delays - final completion of 53 residential units was delayed because of failed exterior buildings surfaces. We then used the framework to define the causes behind the defects via a field investigation of the 53 units. Of the defect, construction execution was responsible for 43% of the defect, 31% untrained workers, 19% unfavorable construction weather condition, with 7% accounting for other issues. A procedure was developed in concert with the construction manager and overall developer reducing the amount of rework and waste causes revealed by the field examination and the framework. Although two steps were added to the original construction process to overcome waste causes, still save a lot of resources and reduces environmental impact. In summary, we found that the Lean, Green, Six-sigma framework increased productivity, quality, and reduced waste.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2020

발전소 소음을 저감하기 위해서는 여러 가지 설비요소의 소음원에 대해 설계단계에서부터 정확한 소음예측을 수행하고, 과도한 소음에 대해서는 효과적이고 경제적인 방음대책의 수립이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 발전소 지역 및 주변 주택지역을 포함한 소음분포 해석 가능 모델을 제안하고, 주택지역의 소음저감 방법을 수립하였다. 발전소의 주요 소음원에 대한 소음레벨의 측정을 통하여 음향파워레벨을 평가하고, 설계도면 및 지형정보를 이용하여 소음전달에 영향을 주는 지형 및 지물 등을 최대한 상세히 모델에 포함함으로써 발전소 및 주택 지역의 소음분포를 효과적으로 해석할 수 있는 모델을 수립하였다. 수립된 소음 해석 모델의 신뢰성은 주요 위치에서의 소음레벨 해석 결과와 측정 결과를 비교하여 검증하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 신규호기의 증설에 의한 인근 주택지역에서의 소음 영향도를 평가하고, 발전소의 가동 시에 소음환경기준을 만족시키는 방음벽을 제안하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2023

현대 사회에서는 1인 가구가 증가하고 주거 공간에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으며 이에 대한 적절한 대안 모색이 중요하다. 빠른 시간 내에 경제적이고 지속 가능한 주거 공간을 제공하기 위한 방법으로 모듈러 건축이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 BIM(Building Information Modeling) 기술을 활용한 모듈러 건축 유닛 설계 및 시공 과정 최적화 방법을 제안한다. 1인 가구의 주거 요구사항과 삶의 질 향상을 위한 요인을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 BIM을 활용하여 효율적이고 경제적인 모듈러 공동주택 유닛을 개발하였다. BIM은 건축 요소의 시각화 및 상호 연결을 제공하여 설계 과정의 오류를 최소화하고 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 모듈러 건축의 장점과 한계를 평가하였다. BIM을 활용한 모듈러 건축물은 주거 문제를 해결할 수 있는 효과적인 대안으로 제시될 수 있으며 주거 공간의 품질과 다양성을 높일 수 있다. 다만 기술적 요구사항 및 비용 등의 한계도 고려되어야 한다. BIM 기반 1인 가구 공동주택 유닛 설계의 가능성과 장점을 제시하고 1인 가구 개선을 위한 실질적인 해결책으로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2013

Elderly welfare housing refers to a residential facility with diverse medical and welfare services for cohabitation of elderly. Especially, community shared spaces in the elderly welfare housing plays an important role as a place for community and leisure activities that enhance vitality of elderly life. The purpose of this study was to investigate types, planning characteristics and actual utilization of community shared spaces in for-profit elderly welfare housing. Eight for-profit elderly welfare housing facilities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were selected for this study and categorized into small-, medium- and large-scale facilities based on the number of housing units. Community shared spaces in the elderly welfare housing were classified into six space types: social space, education space, exercise space, medical space, convenience space and leisure space. Findings are as follows. Small-scale elderly welfare housing facilities with less than 100 housing units had fitness centers, clinics, restaurants, convenience stores and hobby rooms which were required by law. All community shared spaces were planned on a single level. Fitness centers was found the most frequently used while the other spaces were not used very frequently. Medium-scale facilities with 100 to 299 housing units had multi-purpose halls, libraries, swimming pools, indoor and/or outdoor driving ranges, physical therapy centers, saunas, karaokes and so on. Most community shared spaces were found frequently used. Large-scale facilities with 300 or more housing units had religion rooms, community halls, hair salons, pharmacies, etc. In most facilities, community shared spaces were planned in distributed locations.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.233-249
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• 2020

To date, there is no central wastewater (WW) treatment plant in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Therefore, raw WW disposes to the environment and sometimes it used directly for irrigation in some areas of Erbil city. Disposal of the untreated WW to the natural environment and using for irrigation it causes problems for the people and the environment. The aims of the current work were to study the characteristics, design of primary and different secondary treatment units and reusing of produced WW. Raw WW samples from Ashty city-Erbil city were collected and analyzed for twenty three quality parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), total dissolved solids, total volatile and non-volatile solids, total acidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biodegradability ratio (BOD5/COD), turbidity, etc. Results revealed that some parameters such as BOD5 and TSS were exceeded the standards for disposal of WW. Design and calculations for primary and secondary treatment (biological treatment) processes were presented. Primary treatment units such as screening, grit chamber, and flow equalization tank were designed and detailed calculation were illustrated. While, Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR) were applied for the biological treatment of WW. Results revealed that MBBR was the best and economic technique for the biological treatment of WW. Treated WW is suitable for reusing and there is no restriction on use for irrigation of green areas inside Ashty city campus.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

According to the survey results of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in the end of December 2011, the residential buildings was reported as 67.3% of 4,529,464 buildings. Reflected in the national energy policy, the residential building is expected that greater energy savings. To have realized the Passive House Project used the Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete(ALC) material on exterior wall, we take advantage of a very large energy savings. Therefore, this study investigate the patent documents of three major companies, SUMITOMO, CLION, ASAHI KASEI, in Japan. and analyze technical flow and benchmarking patent. As a result, the Sliding method or the Rocking method of ALC panels how to install is to be superior to high-performance drift and safety by a earthquake. And the embedded anchor in panel needs to improve the shape and the strength of bearing. Thus installation technology of the ALC exterior wall investigated in japanese patent documents is expected to the fastening units and anchors.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

KEPRI has studied planar type SOFC stacks using anode-supported single cells and kW class co-generation systems for residential power generation. A 1kW class SOFC system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP part and a water reservoir. A hot box part contains a SOFC stack made up of 48 single cells and ferritic stainless steel interconnectors, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor and heat exchangers. Thermal management and insulation system were especially designed for self-sustainable operation. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap and system control units. When a 1kW class SOFC system was operated at $750^{\circ}C$ with hydrogen after pre-treatment process, the stack power was 1.2kW at 30 A and 1.6kW at 50A. Turning off an electric furnace, the SOFC system was operated using hydrogen and city gas without any external heat source. Under self-sustainable operation conditions, the stack power was about 1.3kW with hydrogen and 1.2kW with city gas respectively. The system also recuperated heat of about 1.1kW by making hot water.