• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.401-415
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• 2014

To prepare for the changes in the future, this study considered people in their seventies and eighties in rural areas in the last decade. Based on a survey of rural life by the Rural Development Administration, all factors were analyzed using SAS ver. 9.3. The rate of rice farming decreased, and vegetable-cultivation increased from 8.4% in 2001 to and 26.6% in 2008 for people in their seventies and eighties. The number of family members decreased to 1.96 in 2010 from 2.04 in 2001, and annual income increased by KRW 20-29 million for those in their seventies and eighties, whereas it was more than KRW 30 million for those in their forties. Bathing with warm water increased to 88.9% from 69.8%, and household waste treated by self-incineration decreased from 86.4% to 40.0% in the last decade. Separate collection spread since 2008. Food waste disposal and the burial (46.0%) showed had for people in their seventies and eighties, and animal feed increased (50.7%) for those in their forties at 2001. The separate collection increased by 39.6% in 2010 for those in their seventies and eighties and by 53.5% for those in their forties(p<0.05). The manufacture of jang and kimchi showed were little annual changes for people in their seventies and eighties. Food storage processing was higher for those in their forties. For those in their seventies and eighties, food group intake over the 2004-2010 period increased from 3.3 times a week to 4.2 times a week for protein foods and from 4.9 times a week to 5.5 times a week for vegetables. There was no change in fruits, milk, and seaweeds for those in their seventies and eighties, but there was an increase for those in their forties. The results suggest the continued increase in the manufacture of jang and kimchi and protein and vegetable intake for those in their seventies and eighties. Some direction to welfare, mechanized rice planting and living with neighbors together would be continued with good nutrition for elderly residents.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 저소득 노인단독가구의 주거실태를 진단하고자 하는 것으로, 이들을 거주지역, 가구구성, 소득수준의 3개의 변인을 고려하여 총 8가지의 가구상황으로 구분하고 각 가구상황별로 주거환경 만족도를 비교하여 측정하였다. 본 연구의 방법은 구조적 설문지를 동반한 1:1 대면면접조사와 현장관찰조사로, 도시와 농촌에 거주하는 만 65세 이상의 저소득 노인 단독가구 대상으로 조사하였다. 총 80개의 수집된 자료는 SPSS 통계프로그램을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 도시지역은 편리성의 입지환경에 대한 만족도가 높고 농촌지역은 전망, 조명의 설비시설환경에 대한 만족도가 높아 거주지역 간에 주거상황이 다르게 나타났다. 둘째, 전반적으로 노인부부가구의 노인독거가구보다 만족도가 높아 가구구성에 따라 분명한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 소득이 전반적으로 높고 낮은 정도의 차이에 따라 주거의 실상이 다르게 나타났으며 특히, 도시에 거주하는 저소득 노인독거가구의 주거상황이 매우 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 저소득 노인단독가구의 다양하고 차별화된 요구를 파악하고 이에 적절히 대응하는 주거환경을 계획하는 데에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.189-201
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• 1999

Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in the urban environment and is a well-known toxic element. It may cause adverse health effects on hematopoietic system, peripheral and central nervous systems, kidney functions, and others. In recent decades, lead concentration in blood has been widely used one of indicators for lead exposure and risk evaluation. In this study, we determined the blood-lead levels in general populations of Korea, and investigated the relationship among blood-lead levels, sociobehavioral factors, and lead concentrations in the contacted environments such as ambient air, drinking water, and foods. The study subjects consisted of volunteers who had lived in the residential or industrial area in Korea. Information about gender, age, living area, occupation, smoking, heat system, and dietary habits, etc was collected using a self-reported questionnaires. The lead concentrations of environments were collected by literature search to the study area. Participated subjects in industrial area were 726 and their blood-lead levels were 8.58 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for males and 6.26 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for female in average. The other subjects in residential area were 317 and their blood-lead levels were 4.58 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for males and 3.49 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for female in average. The distribution of blood-lead level in the industrial subjects was well fitted to the log -normal distribution and that in the residential subjects was well fitted to the normal distribution. Blood-lead levels in both area were affected by gender, smoking habit, age and residence duration except age in industrial area and residence duration in residential area. It was identified that 30% of blood-lead level was contributed from the inhalation of ambient air in the industrial area, and 8.4% of blood-lead level was from that in the residential area. from this study, it would be suggested for the health risk assessment and management of lead pollution concerns in urban, industrial and rural areas.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.157-173
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• 1995

Seowons were first established during the Koryo Dynasty and contain primate shrines for the service of ancestors and ancient sages. Seowons were located in a scenic or rural place some distance from a residential area. The direct motive for building the Seowon came from the need for transcendental concealment and evasive retirement which developed as a result of oppression of scholars The indirect motivations were the development of loaming in an idyllic natural settings and the creation of a beautiful natural environment. he purpose of tai study is to investigate the characteristics and transformation process of the location of Seowon in the Chosen dynasty. The results of this research are summarized as fellows : 1. Seowons were in hilly areas with good geographical features including a nice view of the mountains and waters. Beowons were also built on the relation place of an ancient sage and of destroyed Buddist temples. 2. The location patterns of seowon in the Choson dynasty underwent three stages with the change of time Political and social phenomena influenced the transformation of the location patterns Research in this area is at an early stage. The present study was confined to an examination of 7he characteristics and transformation process of the location of seowons. However, it is hoped that this study will offer meaningful guide for further research.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2018

Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted from 2013 through 2014 at four cattle sheds, a wild bird refuge, and two residential areas located in Gyeongnam Province in the Republic of Korea. Adult mosquitoes were collected in black light traps from April 1, through November 30. Mosquito surveillance was conducted to figure out population densities of vector mosquitoes, possibly invaded mosquitoes and identify various virus infections at the selected sites. A total of 107,466 females comprising 14 species and 7 genera were collected from 2013 to 2014. The most common species collected were Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (63.8%), Anopheles sinensis s.l. (18.9%), Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (7.7%), and Culex pipiens Coquillett (5.1%). Trap indices (TIs) varied widely for species over their range, due to geographical distribution and degree of association with rural and urban communities. The most collected An. sinensiss.l. and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus appeared at a cow shed in Hapcheon (TI 347.5) and a pigsty in Daejeo-1-dong, Busan (TI 1,040.8), respectively, due in part to their situation near breeding sites such as rice paddies. The bi-weekly population densities for mosquito species were variable for each of the years, apparently as a result of variable annual weather conditions. None of the mosquito species collected tested for the flavivirus including Japanese Encephalitis Virus, West Nile Virus, Dengue Virus, and Zika Virus infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were positive.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

The research aim is to classify biotope types of rural eco-villages designed by ministry of environment and analyze landscape ecological characteristics of them. This information would provide information on eco-villages' potential and specific needs to improve landscape ecological structure of eco-villages. Two eco-villages, designated by ministry of environment, in Yoocheon-ri and Sanduk-ri were selected and the landscape ecological metrics used in this study were Area, Shannon diversity index, Shape index, Distance index. The results are as follows. 1) There were five biotope types in large-scale classification, 13 biotope types m Sanduk-ri and 9 biotope types in Yoocheon-ri in middle-scale classification, 31 biotope types in Sanduk-ri and 24 biotope types in Yoocheon-ri in small-scale classification. 2) In the case of area, artificial biotope types, such as artificial forest, agricultural irrigation canal, wet paddy, dry paddy and residential area, covered more than 80% of total area. However, natural biotope types, such as natural forest, river, reservoir, covered just more than 10% of total area. In details, an orchard (26.69%) was the dominant biotope type, followed by artificial forest (19.10%) in Sanduk-ri and the first most abundant biotope type was artificial forest (49.71%), followed by wet paddy (15.95%) in Yoocheon-ri. 3) The result of Shannon diversity index indicated that Sanduk-ri (2.158) had more heterogeneity landscape, rather than Yoocheon-ri (2.051). 4) In the case of shape index, road (13.09) had more complex and irregular shape than either agricultural irrigation canal (3.35) or artificial forest (2.46) in Sanduk-ri. Road (6.52) was also the most irregular biotope shape, followed by river (5.70) and agricultural irrigation canal (4.78) in Yoocheon-ri. 5) Mean Nearest-neighbour Distance (MND) was smallest in wet paddy and dry paddy biotope types in the two study area, suggesting that these biotope types were concentrated within these study areas. From the result, this research suggested information to protect and improve biotopes of eco-villages in the landscape ecological terms. To achieve this improvement plan, there should be strong support by ministry of environment and local governments.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

본 연구는 도시공원 공간적 분포의 문제점을 도시공원 서비스권역과 주소별 주민등록 데이터를 사용한 분석을 통해 밝히고자 하였다. 도시공원 중 "도시공원 및 녹지 등에 관한 법률"에 의해 지정된 "거주자의 보건 휴양 및 정서생활의 향상에 이바지 하기 위해 설치"된 근린공원을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 방법은 크게 1) 근린공원 서비스권역 분석, 2) 근린공원 서비스권역 내 외 인구분석, 3) 기존 연구와의 비교 검토로 구분하여 분석하였다. 기존 연구들에서 나타났던 거주민 분석의 한계를 개선하고자 차별성을 두어, 각 주소별로 등록된 거주민 주민등록 데이터를 활용하여 실제 거주하는 주민수를 적용하였다. 근린공원 서비스권역 또한 기존에 주로 사용되었던 직선거리를 적용한 버퍼분석이 아닌 보행로, 새주소길 등을 적용한 네트워크 분석을 이용하였다. 이상의 과정을 통하여 도출한 결과, 근린공원 서비스권역 면적은 전체면적의 7.99%의 비율을 보였으며, 전체 주거지역 중 근린공원 서비스권역 면적은 31.23%의 비율을 보였다. 근린공원 서비스권역 내에 거주하는 인구는 대구광역시 인구의 43.03%만이 거주하고 있는 것으로 나타나, 전체 인구 반 이상의 인구가 서비스권역 외에 거주하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 기존 연구방법과의 비교 검토 결과는 근린공원 서비스권역 및 서비스권역 내 외 인구 수치에서 큰 차이를 보였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to identify the potential buyers' consciousness of single-family housing to provide useful data to help future single-family housing supplies in Ulsan. The study selected residents in Ulsan, who were over twenty and had an interest in living in a single-family housing. A survey was conducted from September 11, 2008 to September 25, 2008. The sample consisted of 364 persons who are currently live in Ulsan metropolitan area. The results are as following. About two thirds of the sample had the desire to live in a single-family housing. Moving into a single-family housing had financial preparation as the greatest issue. When moving into a single-family housing, the convenience of the residential district was the greatest consideration, whether or not it is a green environment, pollution level, etc. The potential buyers valued environment-friendly features and also had a very strong desire to own their own house. Many of them wanted to design and build their own single-family housing within a budget of 100-200 million KRW. In terms of the location, there was a higher preference for the riverside or lakeside rural areas outside the city. In terms of size, the preference was less than $330m^2$, which includes $99-132m^2$ for residential. When considering a single-family housing the direction was the most important feature, along with eco-friendly and safer materials and equipments. When building the single-family housing the potential buyers considered the community spaces first with a preference for having three bedrooms and two bathrooms. For the exterior, they wanted a unique shape of roof and there were high preferences for brown and beige colors. In terms of housing complexes, the potential buyers preferred individual unit types over complexes. If they preferred housing complexes, they wanted the cluster form complex with about 10-30 units. The complex also required a park-like setting with a guard system, which shows that convenience and safety were the most important features. In terms of complex management, they considered environmental management as the most important feature. The potential buyers were willing to pay belw 200,000 KRW, which showed their desire to minimize financial burdens.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-57
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• 1996

All kinds of environmental problems are related to each local and geographical environment. For this reason, it is necessary for schools in each region to provide environmental education which suits the geographical character of their particular region. In order to provide solutions to the environmental problems of each school's geographic region, the goal of this research is as follows: 1. We can make students realize the relationship between the human race and the environment by teaching according to the environmental conditions in each local area. 2. By teaching students about the problems in their own local environment, we can increase their concern about the state of their local surroundings. 3. When teaching about the environment, it is useful to use educational material which suits the character of each local region. 4. Students' interest in environmental preservation can be aroused through extracurricular environmental activities. The ares concerned are Chonnam and Kwangju City, which are divided into urban, industrial, rural, coastal, and mountainous areas. The conclusion about considering environmental education in environmental school social studies is as follows: 1. Kwangju and Chonnam should be divided into five sections, each with similar geographical environments. This will be an improvement over the old uniform approach to environmental studies in which all regions were treated as being the same each region will now receive special attention. 2. It is necessary to maximize the efficient use of the Environmental Education Building. When Media, environmental data and special materials for environmental education are used effectively, teachers can lead class effectively and students will be more interested in the class. 3. We can detect the cause of pollution, increase interest in the environment and easily solve environmental problems by collecting and displaying environmental educational materials. 4. An environmental education corner could boost students' interest in environmental problems and could act as a kind of bridge between theoretical and practical education. 5. Media and environmental data must be specialized according to the geographic character of each region. In this way, we can expect to improve the quality of environmental education over the simplistic environmental education of previous years. 6. Students will become interested in the problems of the region in which they live through social studies, and primarily through the environmental curriculum. 7. We can prevent learning deficiencies by making a consistent teaching plan. The teaching and learning methods will be improved and the teachers will be proud of what they teach. 8. The purpose of the Education Procedure Content Analysis is to make teaching and learning concise and easy by systematizing environmental and related subjects. This can be done by adding an environmental unit to the geographic section of social studies. 9. Citizens' interest in their own residential environment can be increased through action by sustaining environmental preservation movements to local region people.

• 지역연구
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

우리나라 전체 인구의 1/3을 차지하는 베이비붐 세대의 은퇴가 본격적으로 시작됨에 따라 새로운 변화가 예상되고 있다. 이들은 산업화·도시화 과정에서 다양한 사회·경제적 변화를 주도해 온 세대로, 또 한 번의 새로운 변화를 주도할 가능성이 있는 세대이다. 특히, 이전 세대와는 달리 이들에게 공통적으로 나타나는 특성 중 하나는 은퇴 후 귀향에 대한 욕구를 강하게 가지고 있다는 점이다. 하지만, 상당수의 베이비부머들이 경제적 여력, 고향지역의 열악한 정주여건 등과 같은 개인적·사회적 요인의 제약으로 인해 귀향을 실행하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대도시에 거주하는 베이비부머 5인(귀향희망자, 귀향예정자, 귀향자)을 대상으로 현상학적 관점에 기반한 심층인터뷰를 진행해 이들의 귀향 저해요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 참여자들은 현 거주지인 대도시와 이주희망지인 고향지역 간 상대적 격차를 느끼고 있었다. 이러한 상대적 격차는 '경제', '의료', '관계', '정주환경' 네가지의 범주로 분류되었고, 이러한 요인이 이들의 귀향 실행의 장벽이 되고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 베이비부머의 귀향정책을 정교화하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.