• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

This study is aimed to suggesting a hypothesis about the process of improvement of houses of the Korean-Chinese, comparing how Han Chinese and Korean-Chinese houses changed in Yanbian Area of China. This draws the conclusion by analyzing the field survey about residence of the Han Chinese and the Korean-Chinese in Yanbian Area of China. First of all, the characteristic of residence style change and the plan of rural houses of the Han Chinese are in the following. The plan of houses has been changed from allocating rooms from side to side with the kitchen as the center to linking each functional spaces through the aisle. And the main bedroom of houses becomes the central space for family members instead of Kang (partial Ondol) by expanding the floor heating system under the whole floor in houses. Next, the feature of residence style changes of the Han Chinese and the Korean-Chinese is as follows. In 1970s barns disappeared from houses of the Korean Chinese, but houses of the Han Chinese were not much changed. From 1980s to 1990s, spaces linking each rooms with aisles had appeared for comfortableness of residence and respecting each individual's privacy. On the other hand, The houses of the Korean-Chinese make a whole big space by getting rid of walls between the rooms. And after 2 thousand years later, Han Chinese houses have a bedroom with floor heating system. Both houses of the Korean-Chinese and the Han Chinese are changed to have a residence style which taking sedentary style and standing style.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the body image perception, weight control experiences and the eating disorders according to where they were born, and the length of residence in USA among Korean-American college students. Three hundred college students participated in the study: 144 males and 156 females, 122 America-born (AB) and 171 Korea-born (KB) who live in New York City and New Jersey. Subjects responded to a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that the ratio of overweight (23.2%) and obesity (26.8%) of males was higher than females'(16.1% and 6.3%, respectively). There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of residence in USA of KB. People who had tried to control their weight were 58%. The ratio of weight control experiences of females (72.4%) was higher than males' (42.4%) as well as people who were normal or underweight than who were overweight or obesity. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in the USA of KB. In body image perception, the subjects who were normal and underweight overestimated their body figure, and the subjects who were overweight and obese underestimated their body figure. The desired and ideal figure of female students was significantly thinner than the current figure and also that of male students. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in USA of KB. The ratio of eating disorder was 8.7%, and females had higher percentage than males. And shorter they lived in USA, the percentage of eating disorder was higher.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2003

토양 및 지하수 복원 과정에서 벤젠과 에틸렌이 혼합되어 배출될 경우 이를 biofilter에 의해 처리한 결과, 에틸렌은 생분해가 잘 되지 않는 화합물인데도 불구하고 체류시간이 10～15분에서는 96%이상 높은 생물학적 처리를 보여 biofilter운전 가능성이 제시되었다. 2～15분 체류시간에서 혼합 VOCs중 벤젠은 모든 조건에서 100% 제거되었다. 체류시간이 15분일 경우 벤젠과 에틸렌의 최대 제거능은 각각 4.3과 1.4g/$\textrm{m}^3$hr로서 벤젠이 에틸렌에 비해 3배 정도 컸다. 체류시간이 작을수록 에틸렌 분해율 감소로 인하여 이산화탄소 발생도 감소함을 발견하였으며 벤젠과 에틸렌이 모두 제거되는 운전에서 최고 이산화탄소 발생률은 3,169 [mg-$CO_2$/(g-${C_2}{H_4}$＋${C_6}{H_6}$)]이었다. 벤젠 산화 미생물은 Bacillus mycoides와 Pseudomonas fluorescens로 동정되었고, 에틸렌 산화 미생물은 Pseudomonas putida와 Pseudomonas fluorescens로 각각 동정되었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2019

Background: Edentulism is associated with socioeconomic status, rural residence, and chronic disease, but no studies have investigated edentulism and residence factors together. All information that drives a better understanding of the factors related to edentulism plays an important role in the planning and delivery of appropriate dental services for the elderly by national and oral health professionals. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of edentulism in adults aged over 60 years in Korea and to examine whether there are differences in dentate status between people living in urban and rural areas after controlling for sociodemographic and other related factors. Methods: The data for this study were collected from 2013 to 2015 as part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI, those individuals aged over 60 years and who had complete datasets were included (5,071). The number of teeth and residence status were categorized into two groups: edentate and dentate (1 or more); urban and rural. Multiple multivariate logistic regression analyses were sequentially applied to assess the association between dentate status and residence status after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Rural areas, lower household income, and lower education levels were associated with a higher edentate rate. The number of teeth was lower in rural areas than in urban areas. After adjusting for various factors, statistically significant associations were present for women, low household income, low education level, poor perceived health status, and alcohol consumption in participants. Conclusion: Elders living in rural areas had poorer oral health than elders living in urban areas. The government will need to provide effective systems for promoting oral health for elders living in rural areas.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제21권B호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2001

In this study, we analyzed the $NO_X$ removal efficiency and particle size distribution by the pulsed corona discharge process and investigated the effect of several process variables. The NO removal efficiencies and the particle characteristics were measured and analyzed as the function of initial concentrations of NO, $H_2O$, and $NH_3$, applied voltage, pulse frequency and residence time. As the frequency of applied voltage increases, or as the applied voltage increases or as the residence time increases, the NO removal efficiency increases. The change of initial $NH_3$ and $H_2O$ concentrations do not affect the NO removal efficiency significantly. The particle concentration and size increases with the increases of initial NO concentration, residence time and applied voltage.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.697-702
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• 2001

Numerical simulations of 1,2 dichloroethane(EDC) pyrolysis are conducted to understand the process on the production of the vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) and by-products. A chemical kinetic mechanism is developed, the adopted scheme involving 44 gas-phase species and 260 elementary forward and backward reactions. Detailed sensitivity analyses and the rates of production analysis are performed on each of the reactions and the various species, respectively. The concentrations of EDC, VCM, and HCI predicted by this mechanism are in good agreement with those deduced from experiments of commercial and laboratory scale. The mechanism is found to accurately predict the VCM yield and the production of by-products by varying the ranges of pyrolysis temperature, residence time, and pressure which impact on the pyrolysis of 1,2 dichloroethane. The influence of reactions related to H atom on the relative sensitivity of EDC becomes important as the residence time increases. The pyrolysis of EDC mainly occurs through $C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2}+Cl=CH_{2}ClCHCl$.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2002

The effect of soft nip calendering variables including pressure, temperature, nip residence time and moisture on newsprint properties was investigated. The change of bulk, opacity, smoothness, and gloss were determined. It was found that the influence of calendering pressure and temperature are more significant compare the Influence of sheet moisture content and nip residence time on newsprint properties. Calendering conditions of 16$0^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 78kg$_{f}$/cm of line load and 4ms of nip residence time were considered to be optimum conditions to obtain reasonable gloss and smoothness while minimizing the loss of bulk and opacity for newsprint.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.127-130
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• 2003

In the Korean construction market the housing exceeds more than 60％ among the entire objects for remodelling. And among the 50％ of the common residence that needs remodelling, half of them are common houses with hallways. In respect of remodelling the common houses with hallways to those with stairways, This investigation aims at not only increasing the area by simply enlarging it, but also elevating the residential value by improving the environment based on the study of the existing plane with stairways. In order to do so, the satisfaction rate after living in common residence either with stairways or with hallways according to size (10, 20, 30 pyong), public space and interior environment is investigated through questionnaire. Therefore, this study tries to discover and analyze the positive and negative aspects of common residence with hallways.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13호
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• pp.174-180
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• 1997

This study is on the spacial flexbility of house. In the recent days, it is true that the qualitative aspect of residence rather than the quantitative one has emphasized. But the inhabitants of residence undergo adaptation problems to deal with changing needs constantly. Residence must be the place to satisfy inhabitant's desire to live and dwell. According to changes in family life cylce and personal demand, the flexibility in housing should be beneficial. This study attempts to solve relationships of these need changes and inhabitant's adaptation through the spatial flexibility. Throughout the process of main discourse, some theoretical backgrounds of housing are applied. And to introduce the flexibility of residential space, concepts of flexibility according to 'time' and 'spatial structure' are employed. In addition to functionality and comfort, living should provide a touch of humanity attuned to individual sensibilities. The purpose of this study is to suggest a method can move interior structure by the flexible planning.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1999년도 제19회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.139-148
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• 1999

In oder to analyze the effect of operating conditions on pulverized coal combustion, a numerical study is conducted at the pulverized coal combustor. Eulerian approach is used for the gas phase, whereas Lagrangian approach is used for the particle phase. Turbulence is modeled using standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model. The description of species transport and combustion chemistry is based on the mixture fraction/probability density function(PDF) approach. Radiation is modeled using P-l model. The turbulent dispersion of particles is modeled using discrete random walk model. Swirl number of secondary air affects the flame front, particle residence time and carbon conversion. Primary/Secondary air mass ratio also affects the flame front but little affects the carbon conversion and particle residence time. Air-fuel ratio only affects the flame front due to lack of oxygen. Radiation strongly affects the flame front and gas temperature distribution because pulverized coal flame of high temperature is considered.