• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 2002

This study investigated the effects of the high school students' self-efficacy, sex, and division of school upon their clothing fashionability and conspicuous consumption to understand a part of their clothing behaviors during adolescent period. Questionnaires were distributed to and collected from 575 male and female high school students attending academic and vocational high schools locating in Kwangju, Korea, from October 9 to October 14, 2000. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, MANOVA, and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The main effects of the self-efficacy on the fashion interests and fashion knowledge were significant(p<.05, p<.01, respectively). 2. The main effects of the sex of respondents on the fashion interests and fashion knowledge were significant(p<.01, both). 3. The main effect of the self-efficacy on conspicuous consumption to demonstrate the economic status was significant (p<. 01). 4. The main effects of the sex of respondents on conspicuous consumption to high priced brand oriented was significant (p<. 01).

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.61
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• pp.213-245
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• 2014

This study has significance in examining the formation requirements and notes for concluding the guarantee contract of minimizing interests and conflicts with the concerned parties by examining issues related to the legal relation and demand payment in the concerned parties and by figuring out the provisions of conformity related to the requirements for demand payment pertinent to the documentary provision in relation to characteristics of demand guarantee. What the concerned parties of using demand guarantee grasp the requirements for demand payment of being compliant with the essence and the guarantee condition of the demand guarantee will lead to possibly preventing a dispute caused by disagreement and being secured the fulfillment of underlying contract. To fulfill a underlying contract that is the objective of issuing the demand guarantee, an effort is needed that minimizes a contract-based risk and a cost by being fully aware of a relevant rule that will be recorded in the terms of payment in the demand guarantee, by reflecting the interests between the concerned parties, and by discussing the payment terms.

• Plant Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2011

Two main features of the recent building project are the enlargement of the size and the technological complexity. Due to these features, the number or the size of organizations participating in building project is also increasing and the relationships between the organizations are becoming more interdependent than ever. Owing to these features, some delays or errors in the decision-making process in the phase of planning of a building project may influence many subjects related to the project. The most important factor for a successful project is to arbitrate confrontations and build cooperative relationships between parties who have different interests with one another in the project. Efforts were made to find out general features of building project and the features in the phase of planning in order to set a direction of this research. To solve problems in the phase of planning, the concept of 'cooperative design', which means that different features and interests of various organizations should be reflected from the phase of planning, was introduced. By introducing cooperative design in building projects, more rapid and objective decision-makings are possible.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.205-228
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• 2018

Since many RFMOs have been established, various measures to protect small island developing States have been enacted. WCPFC CMM 2017-01 also enacted various measures for that purpose. However, it is notable that CMM 2017-01 has enacted a measure in a manner to reduce benefits of the small island developing States in relation to the vessel charter scheme, although it has made another exception. This study aims to draw implications in establishing Korea's fisheries policy and making an appropriate strategy of the fisheries industries in Korea, through analyses of the charter issue in the WCPFC CMM 2017-01. This paper examines an issue of the vessel charter scheme in the WCPFC CMM 2017-01 comparing with the flag of convenience issue. It concludes that it is recommended to further restrict the application of the vessel charter scheme in the WCPFC CMM 2017-01 and to repeal it ultimately. Finally, this paper draws implications for the Korean government to participate in the WCPFC in a manner to reflect its positions and to harmonize interests of the fishing States and the small island developing States, considering various joint venture business with such States. It further draws implications for the fisheries industries in Korea to actively participate in the WCPFC to maximize their interests.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.105-113
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the ratio of non-controlling shareholder interests (minority equity ratio, MER) and the measurement error in real activities manipulation (RM) proxy for Japanese firms. Many Japanese firms have practiced stakeholder-oriented corporate governance systems. Previous studies suggest that the higher the MER, the more Japanese businesses tend to employ management techniques for the group's sales growth while also reallocating resources inside the group to reduce principal-principal conflicts. Such differences in management strategies by firms could lead to measurement error in the RM proxy. The analysis uses 16,450 firm-years listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The results of our analysis show that there is a positive relationship between MER and the RM proxy, and high persistence of RM proxies, suggesting that the RM proxies may contain measurement error. We also find that MER is correlated with variables associated with management strategy and that controlling for these variables can reduce the measurement error of RM proxy in firms with large MER. This study extends previous research on measurement error in RM proxy by relating them to ownership structure and corporate governance. This paper would contribute to researchers examining issues related to RM.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-118
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• 2021

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China's contribution to the need for the world to collectively address deficits of peace, development, governance, and problems relating to climate, the environment and human health. The rise of China and the BRI do challenge the current 'rules-based global order' and the economic dominance and moral, political, economic, and cultural leadership of the United States and its allies. However, China's goal is not hegemony but a multipolar world in which common values coexist with principles of peaceful coexistence (including non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states). The evolution of the BRI is outlined, and the ways in which it reflects Chinese interests are summarized, including its roles in addressing natural resource dependence and excess capacity, a transition from investment promotion and factor-intensive growth to going out and industrial upgrading, going West, and the effective deployment of China's foreign exchange assets. Although China does therefore potentially gain, the BRI is designed so that partners also gain in a quest for win-win co-operation and mutual benefit. The values that underlie this approach and the call for a community with a shared future are compared with competing western values, whose roots lie in Enlightenment thought and are associated with a record of colonialism and imperialism. In this light, the article concludes with a consideration of the global implications of the BRI, the challenges it confronts and the likelihood that the unipolar moment will give way to a multipolar global development path.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.264-268
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• 2021

In the context of globalization of information processes, the prevalence of information wars and terrorism, there are new threats to national interests in the information sphere, which actualizes providing the information sovereignty of modern states. Therefore, the purpose of the article is an in-depth analysis of the features and content of information sovereignty as a component of state sovereignty, its relationship with freedom of information and information security, as well as a characterization of the bases and directions of providing information sovereignty. The information sovereignty of the modern state includes its activities to determine national interests in the information sphere, the formation and implementation of information policy, providing information security, regulation and control of information processes. The realization of information sovereignty should be based on real freedom of information, information privacy and the state obligation to provide them. Ensuring information sovereignty also requires solving the problems of formation of modern information legislation, which would comprehensively establish the bases and directions of providing information sovereignty, exceptional cases of restriction of freedom of information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.463-472
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate university students' attitudes and interests for ethnic food. The questionnaire developed was distributed to 60 students majoring in food & nutrition and 260 students taking a liberal course related with food culture in world. A total of 271 questionnaires were usable ; resulting in 84.7% response rate. Among 12 kinds of ethnic food, a large number of students had an experience in Japanese, Chinese, American and Italian food. Also Chinese, American, Japanese and Italian food were familiar with them, but the hope to eat for French, Spanish, Mexican and German food was too strong. Students knew kinds, characteristics, table manners and etc. for Japanese, Chinese, and American food very well and wanted to know the information about French food. as result of positioning for ethnic food by correspondence analysis, Spanish, English, French, Germany and Mexican food had a strong image in want to eat, wanted to know information about food and got a good feeling. Students perceived Vietnamese, Thai and Indian food as having an experience, Japanese, American and Italian food as well-know about food or restaurants, and Chinese food as being familiar. The findings would indicate trends for ethnic foods and their cultures in Korea and forecast the possibility of change in foodservice market.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.155-171
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• 2020

In reality, there are numerous [Note: I advise to change the tone to being more certain, as opposed to offering a possibility. You need to emphasize the seriousness of the conditions that your study wants to talk about] non-tariff trade barriers under free trade agreements, with various stakeholders having different trade-off interests. This study focuses on the rules of origin verification and considers cases in which domestic firms, foreign firms, and domestic consumer groups compete politically for their rent protection in the domestic market. As in Gwande et al. (2006), cross-border lobbies are considered possible wherein foreign firms also lobby the government to influence the decision-making process of how stringently to verify the rules of origin. [Note: Starting here, switch to past tense because a: study intentions above can be in present tense, b: study procedures should be in past tense] In this study, we assumed that all stakeholders form interest groups and present political contributions to the government based on their interests. The stringency of the rules of origin verification was then determined through this political process, and we compared this to a socially optimal one in the analysis. It was found that the verification was less stringent when there was cross-border lobbying than the socially optimal one.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.177-203
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to look at whether small group drawing activities can be applied to learning content that combine mathematics and art, by analyzing the changes in $10^{th}$ grade students' interests in mathematics and particular features of their strategic thinking that were reflected in small group drawing activities using graphs and inequations. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The small group drawing activity using graphs and inequations demonstrated that students interests in mathematics could experience positive changes. 2. The small group drawing activity using graphs and inequations was effective in stimulating the students' strategic thinking skills, which are higher level thinking activities necessary for creating problem solving. As the students went through the whole process of accomplishing a complete goal, the students engaged in integrated thinking activities that brought understandings of basic graphs and inequations together, and were also found to use such higher level thinking functions needed in achieving creative problem solving such as critical thinking, flexible thinking, development-oriented thinking, and inferential thinking. 3. The small group drawing activity using graphs and in equations could be expected to constitute learning content that integrate mathematics and art, and is an effective solution in boosting students' strengths in mathematics by way of activities that consider students' unique cognitive and qualitative peculiarities and through integration with art.