• 한국해양학회지
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1974

The vertical distribution and diurnal migration of Evadne nordmanii has been studied at different stations in the Irish Sea. There are many reports that the migrations of planktonic animals tend to be hampered by thermoclines and haloclines. Physical and chemical factors were compared with vertical distribution and diurnal migrations of the animal. Evadne must be essentially an epiplanktonic form with the ability to endure strong light intensity. The animals generally migrated to the very surface layer from their shallow day strata with the decreased of light intensity. During the night their distribution seems rather random or even throughout all the layers, with a tendency to concentrate at the bottom layers, when the water was homogeneous physically and chemically. E. nordmanii may penetrate minor thermoclines and haloclines, but they may avoid chemically distinct waters or possibly currents.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2004

The photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and PCP, a endocrine disruptors, has been investigated over $TiO_2$ photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., pH, light intensity and persulphate concentration on the degradation rate of aqueous solution of atrazine and PCP has been examined. The results presented in this work demonstrate that, as pH and the light intensity increased, the photocatalytic reaction rates were enhanced. Individual use of $TiO_2$-persulphate was far more effective than using only $TiO_2$ in atrazine and PCP removal. Based on the overall experimental results, the photocatalytic oxidation of atrazine and PCP with the coated $TiO_2$ photocatalyst is found to be very effective under the operational conditions delineated in this study.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.101-129
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• 2005

We decompose the patent increase over the period 1982 through 2000 using the data provided by KIPO(Korean Intellectual Property Office) and also compare our results to U.S. experiences. First, we show that the contribution of the increase in the R&D spending accounts for $71\%$ of patent increase between 1982 and 2000. Second, an overall increase in patent intensity measured by patent-R&D ratio between 1982 and 2000 is explained by $234\%$ of the changes in the patent yields in individual industries rather than by the reallocation of resources. Third, we find that there is structural change in patent intensity and patenting between 1994 and 1995. The patent yields in individual industries account for $86.4\%$ of patent increase between 1994 and 1995. Fourth, two high tech fields, electrical machinery and precision instrument, account for about $80\%$ of the patent increase.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.514-523
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• 2023

The visible threshold of Oreochromis niloticus responded to high light intensity under short wavelengths, whereas the response to low light intensity under long wavelengths was low, with a minimum visual threshold of 574 nm of LED lights. Movement distance of O. niloticus was dropped at 31℃ and increased abnormally at 37℃ under natural light. Comparing movement distance under red (622 nm) and green (518 nm) lights of LED, movement distance and swimming speed under red and green lights were higher than under natural light. However, the movement distance decreased rapidly at 31℃ under red light and lowest at 33℃ under green light. After that, there was a tendency to adapt to high water temperatures gradually. Consequently, red and green lights may be recommended for O. niloticus's aquaculture because the red and green lights have a positive effect on growth performance, survival rate, and metabolism, as shown in previous studies. It is necessary to control the water temperature below 32℃ because abnormal behavior above 32℃ revealed under red and green LED lights and natural light.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

PURPOSE: High-intensity physical therapy may help improve some gross motor developmental delays through an increased treatment frequency. This study describes an increase in physical therapy frequency and intensity over an eight-week time frame for a child with a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. METHODS: A single-subject research was performed. The subject was a nine-year-old boy with MECP2 Duplication Syndrome. The outcome measure consisted of one time before and after the intervention. An intensive physical therapy program was applied to this subject. The treatments included reciprocal crawling, high kneeling, tailor sitting, weight-bearing and shifting training to facilitate ankle balance strategies and training to walk without assistance. RESULTS: After the eight-week follow-up, the child achieved a gradual improvement in the gross motor function measures, and the mother reported that the child frequently engaged in tailor sitting and independently walking. CONCLUSION: This case study highlights that intensive physical therapy improved the overall motor function of a child with MECP2 duplication syndrome.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2013

This study was conducted to establish an effective palate cleanser when conducting descriptive analysis for gochujang products. In addition, descriptive analysis procedure for gochujang products was optimized. A generic descriptive analysis was performed on 4 types of gochujang samples varying in hot and spicy levels. The sensory attributes developed were 9 odors, 13 flavors, 4 texture and mouth feel attributes, and 4 appearance attributes. In order to select an effective palate cleanser for gochujang, 5 types of cleansers were tested (water, water+bread, water+cucumber, water+milk, water+cracker). Correct answering rate, significant numbers of product effect on sensory attributes, and the mean hot and spicy intensity values were considered to select the optimal palate cleanser. Results showed that as the hot & spicy level increased, red pepper odor and flavor significantly increased whereas umami taste intensity decreased. When comparing the efficiencies of various palate cleanser, the correct answer rates were the highest when warm water was used with either cucumber or cracker. Additionally, the attribute intensities were better differentiated between gochujang samples when cracker, white wheat bread, or cucumber were used. Overall, warm water with cucumber or cracker were shown to be the most effective cleansers.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1999

Cells of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium impudicum form characteristic chains, which are associated with sugar accumulated on the cell surface. To resolve the relationship between chain-formation and cell surface sugar accumulation, confocal microscopy was used to observe sugar accumulation points in the vegetative cells and long chain-forming cells of G. impudicum cells treated with fluorescent-tagged ConA. In the stationary and exponential phases, both vegetative cells and chain-forming cells were similar to each other in fluorescent intensity. There was no evidence that chain-forming cells had a specific location for sugar accumulation on the cell surface. Most of the cells formed 2-cell chains one day after inoculation, but longer chains consisting of 4-8 cells increased markedly in 4day and 8 day cultures. Gyrodinium impudicum chains usually consist of more than four cells, and chains of 8 or even 16 cells can be observed in mature cultures. Temperature played an importantrole in chain-formation of the cells, threshold temperature for the development of long chain-formation was 19 $^{\circ}$C.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.923-929
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• 2013

Black seabream juveniles Acanthopagrus schlegelii held at $20^{\circ}C$ were exposed to formalin at concentrations of 50 to 400 ppm, and tolerance values were determined by calculating median lethal concentration values (LC50) through probit analysis. The 12-, 24, 48, 72- and 96-h LC50 values for formalin were 297, 233, 171, 162 and 157 ppm, respectively. The histological effects of formalin on gill and liver tissues in this fish were determined. No histological effects were observed in the control group. The intensity of cell damage increased with the concentration of, and duration of exposure to, formalin. Hyperplasia, separation and epithelial necrosis, epithelial lifting, lamellar synechiae and collapsed lamellae were observed in gill tissues exposed to formalin. Hepatic lesions in liver tissues of fishes exposed to formalin were characterized by cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, deposition of pigments, spongiosis hepatis, nuclear hypertrophy, dilation of sinusoids and bile stagnation. The LC50 values and histological results obtained in this study will aid in designing treatment regimens to minimize toxic side effects and increase efficacy.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1062-1073
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• 2007

Acoustic Target Strength (TS) is a major parameter of the active sonar equation, which indicates the ratio of the radiated intensity from the source to the re-radiated intensity by a target. In developing a TS equation, it is assumed that the radiated pressure is known and the re-radiated intensity is unknown. This research provides a TS equation for polygonal plates, which is applicable to near field acoustics. In this research, Helmholtz-Kirchhoff formula is used as the primary equation for solving the re-radiated pressure field; the primary equation contains a surface (double) integral representation. The double integral representation can be reduced to a closed form, which involves only a line (single) integral representation of the boundary of the surface area by applying Stoke's theorem. Use of such line integral representations can reduce the cost of numerical calculation. Also Kirchhoff approximation is used to solve the surface values such as pressure and particle velocity. Finally, a generalized definition of Sonar Cross Section (SCS) that is applicable to near field is suggested. The TS equation for polygonal plates in near field is developed using the three prescribed statements; the redection to line integral representation, Kirchhoff approximation and a generalized definition of SCS. The equation developed in this research is applicable to near field, and therefore, no approximations are allowed except the Kirchhoff approximation. However, examinations with various types of models for reliability show that the equation has good performance in its applications. To analyze a general shape of model, a submarine type model was selected and successfully analyzed.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Solar-sharing, which is an agricultural photovoltaic system installing solar panels on the upper part of crop growing field, has especially drawn attention. Because paddy fields for cultivating crops are large flat areas, there have been various attempts to utilize solar energy for solar photovoltaic as well as growth of crops in agriculture. Solar-sharing was first proposed in Japan, and has been actively studied for optimization and practical uses. The domestic climate differs from the climate conditions in which the solar-sharing has been widely studied, therefore, it is required to develop the solar-sharing technology suitable for the domestic climate. In this study, a simulation model was developed to analyze the change of solar radiation resulted from the solar-sharing installation. Monthly solar illumination intensity and the change of illumination intensity according to the various conditions of solar panel installation were simulated. The results of monthly illumination analysis differed by altitude of the sun, which was related to season. In addition, it was analyzed that the monthly illumination decreased by up to 42% due to solar-sharing. Accordingly, it is recommended that solar-sharing should be installed as a way to maximize the efficiency of solar photovoltaic system while minimizing the decrease in solar radiation reaching the crops.