• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1440-1444
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• 2000

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of dietary vitamin and trace mineral (VTM) premixes on growth and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. A total of 112 pigs ($24.82{\pm}3.22kg$) were employed for 49 days (exp. 1), and 168 pigs ($21.64{\pm}1.41kg$) for 40 days (exp. 2) in completely randomized block designs. Treatments were: 1) 100%, 2) 150%, 3) 200% and 4) 250% NRC (1998) requirement of VTM in exp. 1, and the ratio of vitamins to trace minerals at 1) 100:100%, 2) 100:150%, 3) 150:100% and 4) 150:150% of NRC (1998) requirement in exp. 2. Basal diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,310 kcal ME/kg and 18% crude protein, and contained 0.25% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker for digestibility trials. Increasing dietary VTM premix in growing pigs had linear and quadratic effects (p<0.05) on ADG, and feed conversion ratio was also improved (p<0.05) as VTM premix was increased by 150-250% of NRC (1998) requirements in exp. 1. Adding vitamin to trace mineral premixes at 150% NRC (1998) over the control improved (p<0.05) ADG and feed efficiency in growing pigs, but performances were not improved by vitamin nor by trace mineral premixes alone (p>0.15) (exp. 2). There were no differences (p>0.05) in the digestibilities of energy, crude protein and fat among dietary treatments. However, increasing dietary VTM premix in growing pigs had a linear effect (p<0.05) on the digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus. The 200 or 250% fed group showed improved (p<0.05) calcium digestibility, and 250% fed group also showed improved (p<0.05) phosphorus digestibility as compared to 100% or 150% fed group (exp. 1). The digestibilities of Ca and P were higher (p<0.05) in 150% addition of vitamins than in 150% addition of trace minerals in the diet (exp. 2).

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1261-1271
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• 2013

Zoom tracking involves the automatic adjustment of the focus motor in response to the zoom motor movements for the purpose of keeping an object of interest in focus, and is typically achieved by moving the zoom and focus motors in a zoom lens module so as to follow the so-called "trace curve", which shows the in-focus motor positions versus the zoom motor positions for a specific object distance. Thus, one can simply implement zoom tracking by following the most closest trace curve after all the trace curve data are stored in memory. However, this approach is often prohibitive in practical implementation because of its large memory requirement. Many other zoom tracking methods such as GZT, AZT and etc. have been proposed to avoid large memory requirement but with a deteriorated performance. In this paper, we propose a new zoom tracking method called 'Approximate Feedback Zoom Tracking method (AFZT)' on DM36x-based IP network camera, which does not need large memory by approximating nearby trace curves, but generates better zoom tracking accuracy than GZT or AZT by utilizing focus value as feedback information. Experiments through real implementation shows the proposed zoom tracking method improves the tracking performance and works in real-time.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제9D권4호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 명세를 기반으로 한 통합 테스트를 수행할 때 사용되는 시나리오 작성지원 절차를 제시하고, 시나리오 작성지원 도구를 구현하였다. 이를 위해 기본적으로 요구사항 정의테이블, 프로세스 정의테이블, 프로그램 대 테이블 상관도를 사용한다. 추가로 앞의 3가지 테이블 기능을 요구분석, 설계, 테스트 단계별로 나누어 한곳에서 신속·정확하게 체크할 수 있는 요구사항 추적테이블을 생성한다. 본 연구의 통합 테스트를 위한 시나리오 작성지원 도구의 출력물은 시나리오 작성을 위한 지침서 역할을 한다. 그 결과 검사팀의 시나리오 작성노력을 상당부분 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 요구사항의 누락을 방지하고, 해당 프로세스에 대한 테이블 정보를 알 수 있으므로 테스트할 때 잘못된 값을 입력하는 것도 방지할 수 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1350-1364
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• 2021

Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pigs are important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in Chinese pig diets. Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China's Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China's pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China's pig industry.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2070-2074
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• 2008

It is necessary to develop the requirement management system that could trace hazards and manage safety requirements for risk control of railway accident as low as reasonably practicable. In this paper, the requirement management system for control of railway accident risk is introduced. The requirement management system is containing the railway system configuration and safety activity related with identified hazards. The system shall be used to derive safety requirements for risk controland support the traceability of hazards on railway's operation & management. In the future, the system will be applied in the areas such as risk assessment and management, performing safety assurance and revising national regulations etc. for continuous safety improvement in the railway.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2022

This review is focused on analyzing the limits and shortage of zinc (Zn) for the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), and provides suggestions for the future establishment of the 2025 KDRIs for Zn. The 2020 KDRIs for Zn have been established to estimate the adequate requirement (EAR), recommended nutrient intakes (RNI), adequate intake (for only 0-5 mon) and tolerable upper intake level (UL). EAR was estimated in 2-stages: the first stage was to construct of the frame of analysis for Zn requirement and the second stage involved a factorial approach by considering the various factors which affect Zn requirement, such as intestinal and urine Zn loss, Zn requirement for growth and development, and Zn absorption rate. For a more precise and accurate establishment of the Zn requirement, we suggest for the following to be considered: 1) considering that Zn is present in minuscule amounts as a trace element in our body, the present values for Zn EAR (as 6-9 mg/d) should be expressed as a decimal point for more accurate DRIs; 2) the frame of analysis for Zn requirement has to be more specifically and should includes the factors which affect Zn requirement; 3) both, the factorial approach and extrapolation method need to be well reviewed and thoroughly understood for establishing precise Zn requirement; 4) currently, human clinical study and balance study (Zn intake, excretion and absorption rate) are limited and more human Zn subject studies are required. All these suggestions are provided to better establish the Zn requirement in the 2025 KDRIs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2001

Two experiments using growing and finishing pigs (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) were conducted to determine the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals (VTM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and to evaluate the suitability of vitamin-mineral levels commonly used in the swine industry in Korea. A total of 120 three crossbred (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) growing (Experiment I: 20.90 0.44 kg average initial body weight) and finishing (Experiment II: 53.55 0.97 kg average initial body weight) were used in 6 and 9 weeks feeding trials, respectively. Pigs were allotted on the basis of sex and weight to 5 treatments with 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were: 1) control, 2) fat soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 3) water soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 4) trace mineral 50% vs. control, 5) trace mineral 200% vs. control. In experiment I, during the overall experimental period (0 to 6 weeks, 21 to 54 kg body weight), ADG of the 200% trace mineral supplemented group was significantly higher than that of the 50% trace mineral supplemented group. There were no significant differences among other the treatments. Digestibility of crude protein was lowest in mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Calcium digestibility was significantly higher in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). In experiment II, during the overall experimental period (0 to 9 weeks, 54 to 106 kg body weight), growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. However, increasing level of water soluble vitamins at the level of 200% compared to control had a tendency to improve the overall growth performance. Overall carcass characteristics except for carcass length did not differ among pigs fed the dietary treatments. Loin eye area, pH, drip loss and shear force of meat were not affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. There was a trend for less fat content (%) in pork when the level of vitamin and trace mineral was increased, but the difference was not significant. Flavor score was the lowest in control and highest in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group (p<0.05). Juiciness of muscle was lower in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than other dietary treatments, except for trace mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is suggested that "typical" commercial levels of vitamin and trace minerals used by feed companies in Korea are sufficient to meet requirement for the maximum growth of growing-finishing pigs. Our results suggests that a reduction in trace mineral levels in commercial diets could be considered to reduce feed cost and nutrient excretion with economic and environmental benefits.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제17D권4호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2010

소프트웨어 프로젝트의 실패요인 중 54%가 요구사항관리 미흡에서 발생하며, 이중 22%는 요구사항 변경관리에서 기인한다. 따라서 실패요인을 줄이기 위해 요구사항 관리활동이 중요하며 이중 요구사항 변경을 위한 핵심활동으로 추적기법을 활용한다. 추적기법에 사용되는 방법인 추적테이블은 단순링크 방식으로 사용이 간편하고 가독성이 있으며 추적의 정확성이 높은 장점이 있다. 그러나 기존 추적테이블 연구는 변경관리 방법 및 추적의 효과를 구체적으로 제시하고 있지 않으며, 또한 변경영향 추정연구는 추정방법이 복잡하여 실용성에 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기존에 연구된 추적테이블을 이용하여 변경요구사항을 관리하는 방법을 제시하고 이로 인해 변경율 및 변경영향도를 기존 연구에 비해 용이하게 추정할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 15개 프로젝트를 대상으로 추적테이블의 효과를 가설 검정하여 추적테이블이 프로젝트 성공에 영향을 미치며, 요구사항 관리미흡으로 인한 실패요인을 감소시킴을 확인한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2006

비기능적 요구사항은 대상 시스템이 지원해야 할 기능적 요구사항의 속성 또는 품질 요구사항을 말하며, 소프트웨어의 품질 속성으로 반영된다. 이러한 비기능적 요구사항은 특히 성능과 관계된 부분의 설계를 결정하기 위한 중요한 기준으로 사용된다. 따라서 비기능적 요구사항은 소프트웨어 개발 생명주기 전반에 걸쳐 계속적으로 고려되고, 관리되어야 한다. 하지만 비기능적 요구사항의 모호성과 비가시적 특성으로 인해 도출 및 명세뿐만 아니라, 관리에도 어려움이 많다. 이에 본 논문에서는 NFR 그래프를 이용해 비기능적 요구사항에 가시성을 부여하고 비기능적 요구사항을 설계에 반영하여 비기능적 요구사항 관리의 효율성을 높이기 위한 비기능적 요구사항의 추적 기법을 제안한다. 비기능적 요구사항 개발 절차에 따라 지능형 조명 제어 시스템의 성능 요구사항 추적 방법을 사례연구로 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 종합적으로 비기능적 요구사항 관리의 효율을 높이고자 한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.537-540
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• 2006

When multiple ZigBee wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are in close proximity to each other, contentions and collisions in transmissions will lead to increased packet delays. However, there is no existing study on how delay performance would be affected in a crowded real-life environment where each person walking down a busy street would be wearing a ZigBee WPAN. This letter studies the use of ZigBee WPANs in such a real-life environment for real-time heart beat monitoring. To be pragmatic, we derived a mobility pattern from the analysis of a real-life video trace. Then, we estimated the delay performance from the video trace by combining data collected from ZigBee experiments. The results show that the 300 ms packet delay requirement will not be met for only 11% of the time. When failure occurs, it will last for an average duration of 1.4 s.