• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2014

오이 고형배지경에서 배액을 분석하여 생육단계에 따른 pH, EC 변화와 주요 영양소의 흡수변화를 구명하고, 이를 적용하여 오이의 생육단계에 적절한 양분관리방안을 제시하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 배액의 pH와 EC 변화양상 및 배액분석을 통하여 오이의 생육단계는 정식 후부터 착과기, 착과 후부터 수확기로 분류하는 것이 적당한 것으로 판단하였다. 저온기에 가온시설 내에서 오이를 재배한 본 실험에서는 정식 후 첫 화방이 착과되기까지 약 3주의 시간이 소요되었고, 착과 후부터 첫 수확까지 소요일수는 약 7~10일로 조사되었다. 상위 화방으로 생육이 진행되는 속도는 약 3~4일정도 차이였고, 착과와 수확에 소요되는 일수는 대체로 일정했다. 오이의 코이어 자루재배 시, 전체 재배기간 중에서 착과 전에는 EC 농도를 $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 정도로 높게 관리하다가 착과 후에는 $2.0-2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 정도로 낮추어 관리하고, 과실이 비대하면서 수분요구도가 증가하므로 일일급액량을 늘려주는 급액 관리가 적절한 것으로 사료된다. 원소별로는 질소, 인, 칼슘은 착과 전에는 N $700mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, P $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Ca $110mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 수준으로 공급하고, 착과 후에는 N $660mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, P $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Ca $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 수준으로 조절이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 칼륨과 마그네슘은 착과 전기에는 각각 $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$과 $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 공급하고, 후기에는 공급을 조금 줄여주는 것이 비료이용효율을 높일 수 있는 방법이 될 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 2013

Due to climate change, the occurrence of abnormal weather conditions has become more frequent, causing damage to vegetable crops grown in Korea. Hot pepper, Chinese cabbage and radish, the three most popular vegetables in Korea, are produced more in the field than in the greenhouse. It has been a trend that the time for field transplanting of seedlings is getting earlier and earlier as the spring temperatures keep rising. Seedlings transplanted too early in the spring take a longer time to resume the normal growth, because they are exposed to suboptimal temperature conditions. This study examined the influence of air temperature during seedling growth on the time required to reach the first fruit maturity and yield of hot pepper. Seedling plants of 'Super Manita' hot pepper was grown in temperatures $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$ lower than the optimum temperature (determined by the average of temperatures for the past 5 years). Seedlings were transplanted into round plastic containers (30-cm diam., 45-cm height) and were placed in growth chambers in which the ambient temperature was controlled under natural sunlight. The growth of seedlings under lowered temperatures was reduced compared to the control. The mineral (K, Mg, P, N) concentrations in the leaf tissues were higher when plants were grown with the ambient temperature $2.5^{\circ}C$ lower than the optimum, regardless of changes in other growth parameters. Tissue calcium (Ca) concentration was the highest in the plants grown with optimum temperature. The carbohydrate to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which was the highest (18.3) in the plants grown with optimum temperature, decreased concomitantly as the ambient temperature was lowered $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$. The yield of the early harvested fruits was also reduced as the ambient temperature became lower. The first fruit harvest date for the plants grown with optimum temperature (June 27) was 13 days and 40 days, respectively, earlier than that in plants grown with $2.5^{\circ}C$ (July 10) and $5.0^{\circ}C$ (Aug 6) lower ambient temperatures. The fruit yield per plant for the optimum temperature (724 g) was the greatest compared to those grown with $2.5^{\circ}C$ (446 g) and $5.0^{\circ}C$ (236 g) lower temperatures. The result of this study suggests that the growers should be cautioned not to transplant their hot pepper seedlings too early into the field, since it may delay the time of first harvest eventually reducing total fruit yield.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical drying agents at mowing on the field drying rate of alfalfa (cv. Vernal) and rye (cv. Koolgrazer) for hastening hay manuf8cture. In alfalfa; chemicals ($K_2CO_3$ 2% $K_2CO_3$ 3% $Na_2CO_3$ 2% $CaCO_3$, 2% $K_2CO_3$2% + $Na_2CO_3$, 1% only water spray and control) were treated at early bloom stage in 1995. Chemicals ($K_2CO_3$, 2%, $Na_2CO_3$, 2% $CaCO_3$, 2% and control) were applicated at different harvest stages (early heading, heading and bloom) in rye, 1996. The drying rate of alfalfa by $K_2CO_3$ treatment among chemicals was higher than control, and the duration of field dry was shortened by one day with $K_2CO_3$ application, but there was no difference in drying efficiency between $K_2CO_3$ 2% and $K_2CO_3$ 3%. In rye, however, no moisture reduction by chemicals was observed. The days required for field dry were 6, 4, and 3 days at warly heading heading and bloom stage respectively; regardless of chemical drying agents and conbol. The nutritive value of rye hay with chemicals at baling was very slightly higher than control, but there was no significant difference. Also, no difference of hay quality was found among drying agents. In conclusion, $K_2CO_3$can enhance the field drying rate of alfalfa hay, but the drying efficiency was not high, particularly in rye hay. Harvesting at early heading to heading stage was desirable for manufacture of high quality rye hay.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1977

감자 저장병으로서 중요한 Fusarium solani, F. roscum, F. oxysporum 및 Erwinia carotovora를 분리 동정하고 수확후에 공시품종 Epicure, Irish Cobbler, 및 Superior의 괴경을 절단하여 $4^{\circ},\;14^{\circ},\;24^{\circ},\;및\; 34^{\circ}$ 각 온도의 습실에 1, 3, 5, 및 7일간 예치한 후 suberin 및 periderm 형성을 검경하였다. 그리고 위와 같이 처리한 괴경에 4종의 병원균을 접종하여 9일간 정치한 후 부패도를 조사하였다. 예치온도가 높을수록 또 그 기간이 길어짐에 따라 보호막으로서의 suberin 및 periderm 형성이 증가하였으며 부패는 감소되었다. 공시균종간의 병원성, 품종에 대한 반응, 보호막 형성에도 차이가 있었으나 예치온도 및 기간의 효과가 부패방지에 더 중요하였다. $4^{\circ}C$에서는 7일이내의 예치기간에 보호막은 거의 형성되지 않았으며 부패는 심하였고 $34^{\circ}C$에서는 대체로 이와 반대하였다. 그러므로 절상감자를 바로 $4^{\circ}C$에 냉장함은 피해여야 할 것으로 본다. $24^{\circ}C$에서 3일 $14^{\circ}C$에서 5일이 지나면 부패되지 않았으며 suberin 및 periderm 형성은 중정도였다. 고온에서는 예치, 기간중에 기경이 부패되는 수도 있으므로 그 적온을 피하여 $14^{\circ}C$에 5일 이상 예치한 후에 저장하는 것이 실용적이라 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

본 연구는 남부지역에서 5월 중순부터 7월 중순까지 파종기에 따른 녹두 생육과 수량 변이 및 vitexin과 isovitexin 함량 변화 등을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 1. 파종기가 늦을수록 개화일수, 성숙까지 일수와 재배기간이 짧았다. 반면에1차 성숙 후1차 수확까지(소요)일수, 각 수확기 간 소요일수는 길었다. 2. 수량은 1차 수확기 개체당 협수가 15.3개로 많은 6월 하순 파종이 가장 많았고, 표준 파종기 6월 상순보다 14%가 많았다. 반면에1차 수확기 협당 립수와 천립중은 7월 중순 파종이 가장 높았다. 3. 녹두 파종기별 수확횟수는 6월 하순과 7월 중순 파종이 2회로 가장 적었다. 4. 녹두 종실의 vitexin과 isovitexin 평균 함량은 7월 중순, 6월 하순, 5월 중순 파종 순으로 많았고, 특히 2차 수확 종실에서 이들 함량이 가장 높았다. 5. 이상의 재배기간, 수량, 수확횟수 및 vitexin, isovitexin 함량 등을 감안할 때 남부지역 녹두 파종적기는 6월 하순에서 7월 중순으로 보아진다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.454-459
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• 2016

Pre- or post-harvest processing is required to mitigate the risk of norovirus infection mediated by shellfish or seafood. We investigated the environmental resistance of human norovirus (HuNoV) under various conditions of temperature, salinity, and pH in seawater. Male-specific coliphage (MSC) was as the reference virus for all tests. At 4℃, HuNoV GII4 spiked into seawater was continually detected by RT-PCR for 35 days, regardless of salinity or pH level. It maintained nearly stable concentrations, meaning HuNoV can sustain a viral population in seawater long enough to be accumulated by shellfish and other filter feeders during winter. MSC was also stable at 4℃ although viral infectivity dropped sharply after 28 days. The effects of salinity and pH on MSC were indistinct. At 25℃ the detectable period of HuNoV GII4 by RT-PCR in seawater decreased to about one-third or half of the period at 4℃. High salinity (32 psu) and alkaline pH (8.5) were also unfavorable for sustaining HuNoV abundance at 25℃ in seawater. The resistance patterns of MSC to high temperature, high salinity, and alkaline pH were more dramatic and viral infectivity decreased over time, almost in direct proportion to experimental days. MSC was undetectable after 12 days under all salinities and pH levels at 25℃.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of limited nutrient supply during 21 days before and after pollination stage on the growth, fruit quality and nutrient uptake of muskmelon in rockwool culture. Muskmelon, cv. Earl's Favorite seeds sowed on rockwool cube and transplanted on rockwool slab($90\times15\times7.5cm$) when 2 to 3 true leaf appeared on Sep. 6, 1991. Three kinds of nutrient composition recommended by Shizuoka university, combinated with the composition of Otsuka house A and composition Shizuoka III. One half of calcium nitrate(Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$.4$H_2O$) for limiting nitrogen supply during 21 days was treated and then fertigated the nutrient composition recommended by Shizuoka university up to harvest time. Trickling nozzles(Netafim Co. Israel) were used for fertigation of nutrient solution and noncirculating system was employed. Temperature was maintained $18^{\circ}C$ in night but 23 to $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days after pollination for softening the fruit. The drainage ratio of nutrient solution was adjusted 20 to 30 percent. Fertigated and drained amount, and the pH and EC of nutrient solution were recorded. The concentrations of mineral elements including N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were analyzed and compared among treatments. In both autumn and winter cultivation, the limitation of nutrient supply by adjustment of nutrient composition(NO$_3$-N : 8meㆍ$\ell^{-1}$) caused the nutrient deficiency in muskmelon plant due to the limited nutrient supply. After pollination nutrient limitation by the lowering the nitrate retarded the over thickening of upper leaves of muskmelon but plant height and fresh weight of fruit were higher in the plot of nonlimited nutrient supply. The phenomena were attributed to the differences of the amount of nutrient uptake due to the limited time of nutrient solution, duration of nutrient supply and concentration of nutrient solution. These results suggested that increasing nutrient supply in the pollination stage was favorable for better appearance of fruit and improving fruit quality. Further trials would be required for the incre-ment of sugar degree of muskmelon grown in rockwool.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.222-222
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• 2022

Improving the taste of rice in the breeding process is one of the important goals. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to select lines with good grain quality. MAS related to rice quality can help quickly and accurately select the elite lines in breeding programs. QTL qTV9, derived from Wandoaengmi 6, has been reported as a marker associated with improved glossiness of rice (Park et al., 2019). To confirm the function of QTL qTV9, 186 RILs derived from Hwayeong/Wandoaengmi6 were cultivated on ordinary planting cultivation for five years. The average DTH of Hwayeong and Wandoaengmi 6 was not significant at 99 and 97 days, respectively, but the averages of TV (toyo value) were 72.6 and 86.0, respectively. The DTH and TV of RIL vary from year to year. In 2017-2018, the average DTH was 98 days, which was significantly higher than the other three years. In 2018 and 2021, the average TV was 79.5 and 86.5, respectively, which were significantly higher than in other years. As a result of correlation analysis, DTH in the different years showed highly significant positive correlations (r = 0.71-0.92) from 0.71 to 0.92, whereas TV showed positive but weaker correlations (r = 0.42-0.71). The correlation between DTH and TV in each year was significant but weak (r = 0.25-0.64) and there was no correlation in 2017. The TV (77.6-88.7) of RILs with QTL qTV9 was significantly higher than that of RILs without qTV9 (72.6-84.9) for all five years. As a result of analyzing TV by DTH group, the TV of the lines with qTV9 in DTH groups (93-97) and (98-103) showed a significantly higher trend for all 5 years. And TV was not significant in DTH groups A, B, E, and F. This may have been influenced by factors such as insufficient populations between groups or differences in harvest timing. This study is expected to be used as data for improving the glossiness of cooked rice in breeding programs, and further study of the QTL qTV9 marker is required.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.330-338
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• 1999

Extensive research has been conducted on effects of drought stress on growth and development of soybean but information is rather restricted on the limited-irrigation system by way of precaution against a long-term drought condition in the future. The experiment for limited-irrigation was conducted in transparent vinyl shelter at Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan in 1997. Two soybean varieties, Hwangkeum and AGS292, improved in Korea and AVRDC, respectively were used for this experiment. The relationships between normalized transpiration rate (NTR) and fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) in both varieties were similar that the NTR was unchanged until FTSW dropped to about 0.5 or 0.6. At FTSW less than those values, NTR declined rapidly. Days required to harvest in both varieties were significantly prolonged at IR6 treatment compared to any other treatments. Daily mean transpiration rate was significantly higher at IR5 treatment, as averaged over varieties. Similarly, water use efficiency was also high at 1R5 treatment. In both varieties, seed yield was the greatest at the IR5 treatment, as compared to any other limited-irrigation treatments, due to the increased seed number and high transpirational water use efficiency. The indices of input water and seed yield for the different limited-irrigation treatments against control indicated that Hwangkeum produced 59.6% or 60.7% of seed yield using 36.1% or 44.9% of input water, as compared to control, by irrigation at only R5 or R6 stages, respectively. The AGS292 produced 56.1% of seed yield with 35.4% of input water of control, when irrigated at R5 stage. The results of this study have elucidated that the limited irrigation at R5 stage in soybean can be minimized yield loss with such small quantity of water under the environment of long-term drought stress and the expected shortage of agricultural water in the future.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2007

참외 재배시설의 광 환경 개선을 위하여 필름두께, 자외선 차단율, 적외선 흡수율이 다른 polyolefin계 필름 3종(J-1, J-2, J-3), polyethylene계 필름(K-1, K-2 농가에서 관행으로 사용하는 폴리에틸렌 필름(K-3)을 대조구로 시험한 결과, 보온성은 K-3처리구에 비하여 J-2 처리구에서 가장 높았고 J-3, J-1 순이었다. 초기생육, 암꽃 개화 및 수확소요일수는 재배지역과 품종에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 K-3 처리구에 비하여 J-1, J-2, J-3 처리구에서 초기생육이 촉진되었고 첫 수확소요 일수도 10일 이상 단축되었다. 10a당 상품수량은 K-3 처리구의 991kg에 비하여 J-1, J-2, J-3, K-1 및 K-2 처리구에서 각각 21%, 37%, 24%, 13%, 4%증가하였다. 특히 J-1, J-2, J-3 및 K-1 처리구는 초기, 중기, 후기의 수량 비율이 각각 50%, 40%, 10%로 초기 및 중기의 수량이 많았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 보온성이 강화된 polyolefin계 필름은 저온기 참외 시설재배 시 생육을 촉진시켜 수확소요 일수를 단축시키고 조기수량을 증가시키는 것으로 생각된다.