• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.705-718
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• 2014

This paper presents an analytical model for determining the transverse reinforcement required for reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints subjected to reversed cyclic loading. Although the joint aspect ratio can affect joint shear strength, current design codes do not consider its effects in calculating joint shear strength and the necessary amount of transverse reinforcement. This study re-evaluated previous exterior beam-column joint tests collected from 11 references and showed that the joint shear strength decreases as the joint aspect ratio increases. An analytical model was developed, to quantify the transverse reinforcement required to secure safe load flows in exterior beam-column joints. Comparisons with a database of exterior beam-column joint tests from published literature validated the model. The required sectional ratios of horizontal transverse reinforcement calculated by the proposed model were compared with those specified in ACI 352R-02. More transverse reinforcement is required as the joint aspect ratio increases, or as the ratio of vertical reinforcement decreases; however, ACI 352R-02 specifies a constant transverse reinforcement, regardless of the joint aspect ratio. This reevaluation of test data and the results of the analytical model demonstrate a need for new criteria that take the effects of joint aspect ratio into account in exterior joint design.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2024

Due to the imbalanced vibration of the adjacent buildings, the pounding phenomenon occurs as a result of an insufficient gap between them. Providing enough gap between adjacent structures is the most efficient approach to preventing the pounding effect. This paper calculated the required separation gaps between adjacent buildings, including two, four, eight, twelve and twenty stories steel moment-resisting frames, and investigated their related influencing parameters such as time periods, damping ratios, and the number of bays. The linear and nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses under real seismic event records were conducted to calculate the required separation gaps by obtaining relative displacement and velocity functions of two adjacent frames. The results showed that the required separation gap increased when the time periods of adjacent frames were not the same. The resulting separation gaps values of linear and nonlinear analyses were similar only for two and four stories frames. In other frames, the resulting separation gap values of linear analyses surpassed the corresponding nonlinear analyses. Although increasing the damping ratios in adjacent frames causes a decrease in the required separation gaps, the number of bays had no significant effect on them.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.289-303
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• 2024

Purpose: In this study, 100 stroke patients and 205 physical therapists were surveyed to determine the essential functions needed in the rehabilitation process of stroke patients. Methods: This study involved 100 stroke patients and 205 physical therapists. Sixteen functions suggested in the previous study as necessary in the rehabilitation process of stroke patients were selected, and a revised questionnaire was prepared and distributed to several institutions. A frequency analysis of the collected data was conducted to aggregate the functions required in rehabilitation, and a scoring process was used to determine their ranking among the 16 functions. Results: The functions required in the rehabilitation process, as selected by stroke patients, were ranked as follows: walking, toileting, eating, using products and technology for communication, and washing oneself. The functions required in the rehabilitation process, as selected by physical therapists, were ranked as follows: muscle power functions, maintaining body position, muscle tone functions, attention functions, and walking. Conclusion: The results of the study confirm the importance of an agreed goal between the stroke patient and the therapist regarding the functions required for the rehabilitation. This understanding plays a significant role in achieving the patient's expectations and the therapist's predicted performance, thereby providing reassurance and confidence in the impact of the research.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

Required characteristics of poly-Si TFT's are investigated for the implementation of analog circuits to be integrated on System-on-Glass (SoG). Matching requirements on resistor values, threshold voltage and mobility of poly-Si TFT's are derived as a function of the resolution of display system. Effective mobility of poly-Si TFT's required for the realization of source driver is analyzed for various panel sizes.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1982

In this paper, author studied on the elementary data required for the design of the receiver of Pseudo Noise (PN) phase modulation communication adopted in Global Positioning System(GPS). By computer simulation technique, the phase modulator, filters, and PN generator are designed, and also required bandwidth of R-F amplifier for carrier frequency in phase modulation system is investigated. It is verified that the optimum bandwidth is about 3 times of the PN frequency and almost independent of the carrier frequency. And the low pass filter required for demodulation of slow Boolean data is also found to be about 60 times of the data signal frequency.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.28-44
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• 1987

This thesis presents a model to assign targets and to determine gun ammunitions required for naval surface warfare. Delivery errors of weapon systems and vulnerability of moving targets are analyzed, then probability to kill moving battle sihps is computed. A weapon-target allocation model is proposed by using the Out of Kilter technique. A model to determine ammunitions required for killing moving targets is also designed. The models are evaluated by simulation and sensitivity analysis.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.247-250
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• 1991

In this paper, we have investigated the poling conditons depending upon the electric field and temperature for PZT ceramics with various stoichiometry prepared by wet direct method, and $MnO_2$ dopant. The electric field required for saturation polarization was plotted against temperature $(1,000/T^{\circ}K)$ so that the required field could be estimated at any given temperature by measuring the charge displaced during poling. From this curve it should be possible to predict the field required to produce maximum domain switching at temperature below the Curie temperature, when $MnO_2$ dopant was added to the PZT ceramics, the electric field required for saturation polarization was lowered than that of undoped PZT samples.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2015

Determination of the required reserve capacity has an important function in operation of power system and it is calculated based on the largest loss of supply. However, conventional method cannot be applied in future power system, because potential grid-connected distributed generator and abnormal temperature cause the large load imbalance. Therefore this paper address new framework for determining the optimal required reserve capacity taking into account the real time load imbalance. At first, we introduce the way of operating reserve resources which are the secondary, tertiary, Direct Load Control (DLC) and Load shedding reserves to make up the load imbalance. Then, the formulated problem can be solved by the Probabilistic Dynamic Programming (PDP) method. In case study, we divide two cases for comparing the cost function between the conventional method and the proposed method.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2020

Overseas expansion by small and medium-sized enterprises of the Korean software industry has been sluggish, with many SMEs lacking the necessary capabilities required for successful entry into the overseas markets. This study aims to identify the capabilities SMEs require to advance into overseas markets and develop a diagnosis model for evaluating overseas entry capability appropriate to the characteristics of SMEs. A basic research was first performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the software industry, software exports, and SMEs. Based on this research, the study aimed to develop a model for diagnosing overseas entry capability of SMEs by dividing the required overseas entry capability into globalization capability in product area and internal competence from a resource-based perspective. In addition, This study aims to contribute to the success of SMEs in overseas markets by presenting a diagnosis model that evaluates the capabilities required to advance into overseas markets.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.89-92
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• 2006

This study has focused on the possibility for recycling of tailings from the Sangdong tungsten mine as powder of superfluidity self-compacting concrete. The experimental tests for slump-flow, time required to reach 500mm of slump flow(sec), time required to flow through V-funnel(sec) and filling height of U-box test(mm) were carried out in accordance with the specified by the Japanese Society of Civil Engineering(JSCE). The result of this study, in case of superfluidity self-compacting concrete mixed with tailings, slump-flow was decreased with increasing mixing ratio. But time required to reach 500mm of slump flow(sec), time required to flow through V-funnel(sec) and filling height of U-box test(mm) were satisfied a prescribed range.