• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.457-460
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• 1998

Present paper is devoted to the brief analysis of the present state and the prospects for the future of technology of the high frequency devices and high speed integrated circuits based on the $A_{3}B_{5}$ semiconductor compounds, including the $A_{3}B_{5}$-heterostructures, in the republics of the former USSR. tunneling quantum well-structures were widely used.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.232-237
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• 2008

In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the international organization, or alliance, consisting of eleven former Soviet Republics, their own regulation and standard, codes of the building are based on SNiP issued from the Russia. The SNiP for the seismicity is based on Kazakhstan codes where earthquake is very strong. After their independence, Seismic codes for Former Soviet Republics have been developed in their own accord. The building subjected by more than certain magnitude should be followed by TU as well as SNiP. In this paper, the residential complex project where seismic stability is considered from schematic design will be introduced. In this project, Local analysis program and method for arrangement of bar was applied. In the structural drawings, Korean and Local methods was compromised.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 1998

Based on the geographic range and distribution of its rodent reservoir host, the European common vole (Microtus arvalis), Tula virus is likely to be widespread throughout Eurasia. Tula virus-infected voles have been captured in Central Russia, Austria, Czech and Slovak Republics, and the former Yugoslavia. Although serologic evidence for Hantaan (HTN) or Seoul (SEO) virus infection can be found in the vast majority of the more than 300 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurring annually in Korea, approximately 4% of Korean patients with HFRS show a more than 4-fold higher antibody titer to Puumala (PUU) virus than to HTN or SEO virus by double-sandwich IgM ELISA, suggesting the existence of pathogenic Puumala-related hantaviruses in Korea. To further define the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Tula virus in Eurasia and to investigate the existence of previously unrecognized Microtus-borne hantavirus in Korea, arvicolid rodents were captured in Lodz, Poland in 1995 and in Yunchon-kun, Kyungki-do during April to May, 1998. In addition, sera from 18 Korean HFRS patients who showed higher (or the same) antibody titer to Tula virus than HTN and SEO viruses were examined for hantavirus RNA by RT-PCR. Hantaviral sequences were not detected in any of the 18 patients or in 35 reed voles (Microtus fortis) in Korea. Alignment and comparison of a 208-nucleotide region of the S segment, amplified from lung tissues of two hantavirus-seropositive Marvalis captured in Poland, revealed $80.8{\sim}83.2%$ sequence similarity, respectively, with Tula virus strains from Central Russia and the Czech and Slovak Republics. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the newfound Tula virus strains from Poland were closely related to other Tula hantaviruses from Eurasia.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 1990

The 11 th congress and general assembly of the International Federation for Information & Documentation/Commission for Asia & Oceania(FID/CAO) was held by the Center for Industrial and Technical Information from October 28 to November 1 1990 in Seoul. The theme of congress was national information policy. In this paper it is summarized each country report presented by 7 countries delegate : Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, People's Republic of China, Thailand, and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The content of national information policy and the structure of national information system as well as the mechanism to implement it may vary from country to country but the main objectives was similar to every nation. It is urged that the government should formulate a national information policy and ensure the implementation of policy with coorporation of institutions related to information activities.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

Regionalism has become a liability in Korea, hampering national harmony and political stability. The regionalism finds its roots in several centuries back in history. The traditional regionalism was based on the provincial differences in cultural and social characteristics, and behavioral mannerism. Therefore, the traditional regionalism should be regarded as benign and common as in many other countries in the world. The modern version of Korean regionalism seems to be founded on the "discriminatory" treatments of Honam provinces in economic policy and the resultant regional economic disparity during the last three decades. Many believe that such "discriminatory" policy had been enforced during the period of the "third" and "fourth" republics under the influence of the key government officials and presidents form the Southeastern provinces. Since the early 80s, many public investment projects have found its home in the Honam region with the consideration of regional balance and more equitable distribution. This paper attempts to elucidate on various causes of regional disparity amplified during the period of industrialization, and also presents the economic indices which demonstrate the impacts of the policy in narrowing the economic disparity among the regions in recent years. The paper also clarifies the limits of regional economic policy in achieving regional. balance and consequently social integrity. The last part of the paper attempts to clarify the effective domain of regional policy and the new direction of regionalism.cy and the new direction of regionalism.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2009

Endlessly, mankind has been pursuing its dream toward understanding and conquering our neighboring planet, Mars since Mars has been identified as a planet. After the development of advanced science and technology of human race in 1960, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had initiated its dream toward Mars and finally at present mankind acquires numerous important clues of Mars through over forties of space programs toward Mars. Furthermore, mankind takes its effort in colonizing Mars within several decades. This manuscript introduces the history of space mission programs of Mars up to date and major scientific findings to understand the Mars.

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.163-192
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• 2015

This study is intended for the Maritime Boundaries(Baseline) of the Unified Korea. According to the international law, North-Korea is recognized as a nation. Then with unification, the state succession will be a very important issue. Thus we should seek for the expected problems and counter-measures, by analyzing of the State-succession. There is a conflict of the positive or negative reaction about the state succession. However, in general, 'the principle of continuity' has been applied for at the national border treaty, regardless of the type of State succession. This can be found on Article 11 & 12 of the 「1978 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties」, Article 62, paragraph 2 of the 「1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties」, and a series of international case law. Currently it is being understood as customary international law. In summary, although South and North Korea, China, Russia and Japan are not the parties of 「1978 Vienna Convention」, the unified Korea will necessarily have a duty to succeed national boundaries(also, maritime baseline) of North Korea. Specifically, we have an objective and rigorous review of the treaty of maritime baseline that is signed between North Korea and neighboring countries, such as 「National Border Treaty Regime between North Korea and China」 and 「Treaty between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Democratic people's Republic of Korea on the Demarcation of the Soviet-Korea National Border」. Also, we analyzed 'Historical Bays' and 'Straight Baseline' system. By this, we are able to occupy a favorable position when renegotiating with neighboring countries, at the point of unification.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.233-242
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• 2020

The history of mankind's lunar exploration began in 1958 with the United States of America "Pioneer 0" mission. In 1950s~1970s, the United States of America and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics carried out missions and experienced numerous failures to explore the moon. Since the 1990s, Japan, Europe, China and other Advanced country in Space technology have started to explore the moon and in 2016, Korea began to develop the lunar orbiter for lunar exploration. This paper analyzed the failure cases and causes of the lunar exploration in the USA and the USSR in the 1950s~1970s according to the mission purpose. Examples of mission delays, cancel, and failures that occurred during lunar exploration in post-1990s were presented. Through the investigation and analysis, this paper is intended to serve as a reference of the lunar exploration mission that Korea is working on or will be performing in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2009

The Trans-Central Asian Railway consists of the Trans-Caspian Railroad, the Kazalinsk Route, the Turk-Sib, and the Trans-Kazakhstan Trunk Line. Currently, one-fifth of the residents in Central Asia are living around these railroads on which 70% of the economic activities in the region depends. The construction of the railroads in Central Asia was motivated by the Russian Empire's competition 'with its maritime rival, the United Kingdom, over the Eurasian heartland in a geostrategic sense. Using the railroads, the Russian Empire aspired to connect its central industrial regions in European Russia with the remote frontier areas in the Central Asian republics and to increase economic specialization of the region. After the breakdown of the USSR, however, the rail network, which had well been linked among the regions in the former Soviet nations, has been in a deteriorated linkage with their non-Soviet neighboring nations. Despite a lot of problems to be solved, the Trans-Central Asian rail network is expected to play a crucial role as a land bridge between East Asia and Europe as well as between Russia/the Baltic sea and the Indian Ocean/the Persian Gulf in the long-term.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

When enemy drones infiltrate large urban areas, various forms of great republics are deployed in large areas to respond. Due to the characteristics of a large number of government-run aircraft, the residual coal, other than the hit bullet, falls into various sizes of debris after its own explosion. The damage rate was analyzed by dividing the debris into anti-aircraft guns and guided weapons by deriving four factors: critical speed, fragmentation mass, initial speed of debris, and object collision speed, which can cause damage to human life as the debris falls to the ground. In the future, the North is expected to infiltrate the capital city of Seoul by operating unmanned aerial vehicles, which are asymmetric forces, and the damage could be minimized by setting up pre-fatal and fire-restricted zones to minimize casualties between responses.