• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1574-1580
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• 2009

To evaluate the effect of different housing systems on sow behavior, 80 gilts were randomly allocated at puberty to four treatments: i) sow stall in gestation followed by farrowing crate (SC), ii) group housing with individual feeding in gestation followed by farrowing crate (GC), iii) ESF (Electronic Sow Feeding) system in gestation followed by farrowing crate (EC), and iv) ESF system followed by group farrowing pen (EG). Behavioral observations were carried out on a total of 16 animals per treatment at the following stages: first day of allocation to housing treatment, day of service, 80 days after service, 109 days after service on entry to farrowing accommodation, 24 h before farrowing, day of farrowing, 14, 27 and 28 days after farrowing, at weaning. On each occasion, individual animals were observed for a 24 period with one minute time sampling. There were significant differences (p<0.001) between stages of the reproductive cycle for all the behavior patterns in all treatments. On the first day in experimental housing treatments, sows spent more time rooting and dog-sitting. Activity and investigatory behavior decreased as pregnancy progressed. An activity peak was apparent just before farrowing, followed by a high level of inactivity on the day of farrowing. Time spent active, eating and drinking increased as lactation progressed, and greatest activity and locomotion was seen immediately following weaning. There were significant differences between housing treatments (p<0.01) for standing, moving, eating, drinking, dog-sitting and lying. During pregnancy SC sows spent more time standing, rooting, drinking and dog sitting, while EC sows spent less time rooting and drinking and more time lying. During lactation, GC sows spent more time standing, moving and eating, less time dog sitting and lateral lying. Nursing frequency was reduced in GC sows (p<0.001). The maternal and piglet behaviors were influenced strongly by environment during lactation. However, it was also shown that previous housing history can influence the maternal behavior in the pre-farrowing stage and during early lactation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2010

We examined shrimp and bycatch species composition in the shrimp beam trawl fishery off Wan-do, Korea(in the major or fishing ground)from December 2004 to November 2005. We observed a total of 103, 072 individuals in 96 taxa. By densities of individuals, 96.97% were shrimps, 1.20% decapods, 1.10% fish, 0.30% cephalopods and 0.43% other species. By catch weight, 57.29% were shrimps, 26.33% fish, 6.82% decapods, 4.64% cephalopods and 4.92% other species. In spring, the dominant bycatch species by biomass were Okamejei kenojei, Lophiomus setigerus, and Charybdis bimaculata. In summer, the dominant species were Charybdis bimaculata, Muraenesox cinereus, and Paralichlhys olivaceus. In autumn, dominants were Okamejei kenojei, Conger myriasler, and Sefipinna tenuifilis, and in winter they were Okamjei kenojei, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Sillago japonica. Bycatch species composition and individual species abundances differed significantly among seasons, probably indicating that variations were related to the life history characteristics of bycatch species. The diversity index was highest in October (2.797) and lowest in July (1.012). The July dominance index (0.569) was much higher than in other months; evenness was highest in September (0.856) and lowest in July (0.374). During the study period, the bycatch-to-shrimp ratio of this fishery varied from 0.063 in February 2005 to 11.031 in May 2005, with a mean of 3.363 These temporal variations may be linked 10 variations in reproductive behaviors and migration patterns of the marine animals sampled.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and its frequency is increasing gradually in many countries. Over the last three decades an increase in the breast cancer has been witnessed in the earlier low-risk Asian countries including Pakistan. Purpose: The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of known risk factors like early menarche, late menopause, socio economic, reproductive and demographic factors, among women diagnosed with breast cancer at INMOL hospital, Lahore, Punjab, as little information exists in this regard. Materials and Methods: A survey study was conducted on 200 women diagnosed with breast cancer who were seen at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL) hospital, Lahore. A structured questionnaire was administered to these patients regarding the known risk factors through face to face interviews after obtaining appropriate consent. Results: Regarding non-modifiable risk factors, our study showed that majority of the breast cancer patients were diagnosed at 35-45 years (32.5%) or at older age (${\leq}46$) and experienced menarche at 12 years or older (66 %). Likewise, a large number of patients reached menopause at the age of 45 years (60%), had no family and personal history of breast cancer (80%) and hence fell in a low risk category. Regarding modifiable risk factors in women diagnosed with breast cancer, most of the patients fell in low risk strata as the majority were married (98%) at young age, breastfed their children for 12 months or more (88%) and bore two to three children (80%). Considering income criteria, the majority of the patients had a low risk profile as they belonged to middle class (70%), urban area (60%) and were house wives (80%). However, it was noted that a considerable number of women (34%) diagnosed with breast cancer experienced menarche at an early age (<12) and reached menopause after the age of 45 years. This situation is further augmented by environmental changes and dietary habits and places them in a high risk category.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7237-7241
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• 2013

Background: Smokeless tobacco use in South Asia is believed to be a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. In India, only a few studies involving health educational intervention by health care providers have demonstrated reduction in smokeless tobacco usage. In the present study we assessed the cessation efforts towards smokeless tobacco by physicians in two high tobacco prevalence states of India. The study also identified opportunities and barriers for integration of tobacco cessation services in routine practices of physicians. Materials and Methods: This mixed method study involved qualitative (phase I) and quantitative research study (phase II). In phase I, 59 in-depth interviews with physicians were conducted. In phase II, a quantitative study conducted among 238 physicians. An inductive approach was followed to analyze qualitative data using ATLAS. Ti software. The Chi-square test was employed to test the association between different variables of interest using SPSS version 17. Results: The majority of physicians related only respiratory problems and cancer with smokeless tobacco. Other major health effects like cardio-vascular problems, oral diseases, and effects on reproductive and neonatal health were recognized only by a few physicians. The age-group of 10-19 years was identified as most vulnerable to smokeless tobacco use. Less than one-third of physicians reported recording smokeless tobacco history of all patients. Findings indicated that less than half of physicians provided information on harmful health effects of smokeless tobacco with regard to specific diseases. Conclusions: The study revealed a low level of knowledge of physicians about harmful effects of tobacco and their suboptimal engagement in tobacco control practices. The study indicates the need of capacity building initiatives to equip physicians with skills in tobacco cessation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7301-7307
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• 2013

Background: Conspicuous differences in participation rates for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and referral for further investigations have been observed indicating involvement of a number of different factors. This study analysed determinants for participation in different levels of the breast cancer screening process in Indian females. Materials and Methods: An intervention group of 52,011 women was interviewed in a breast cancer screening trial in Trivandrum district, India. In order to assess demographic, socio-economic, reproductive, and cancer-related determinants of participation in BSE, CBE, and referral, uni- and multi-variate logistic regression was employed. Results: Of the interviewed women, 23.2% reported practicing BSE, 96.8% had attended CBE, and 49.1% of 2,880 screen-positives attended referral. Results showed an influence of various determinants on participation; women who were currently not married or who had no family history of cancer were significantly less likely to attend the screening process at any level. Conclusions: Increasing awareness about breast cancer, early detection methods, and the advantages of early diagnoses among women, and their families, as well as health care workers offering social support, could help to increase participation over the entire screening process in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4921-4927
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is a major preventable cancers. The, current study aimed to assess relevant knowledge and attitude of female students and hospital staff in Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Medical and Nursing faculties and hospitals of East-Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Participants were medical and paramedical female students and female staff in hospitals selected by stratified random sampling techniques. Tools for data collection were questionnaires for which validity and reliability had been verified (${\alpha}=0.8$). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data with SPSS.16. Result: Response rates were 71 % (426 from 600) and 63.5% (254 from 400) for students and staff, respectively. Some 29.1% admitted that they had no information about cervical cancer, only 70 (10.3%) thinking their knowledge as high, 360 (52.9%) as intermediate, and 237 (34.9%) as low. While 93% of participants considered cervical cancer as a severe health problem, the only statistically significant relationships with knowledge were for education (p<.001) and occupation (p<.001) variables. Conclusion: Given the importance of the roles of medical students and personnel as information sources and leaders in health and preventive behavior, increasing and improving their scientific understanding seems vital. Comprehensive and appropriate education of all people and especially students and personnel of medical sciences and improving attitudes towards cervical cancer and its monitoring are to be recommended.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2010

도시는 다양한 역사적 경험과 기억을 간직한 공간이다. 이러한 공간에서 간직해온 다양한 사회 문화적 환경을 통해 지역발전을 위한 일련의 활성화 정책들이 등장하기 시작하고 이 과정에서 지역들이 갖고 있는 고유의 역사와 문화는 훌륭한 핵심수단으로 인식되기 시작했다. 도시가 경쟁력을 갖기 위해 그 도심만의 유 무형의 자원을 개발하여 이를 매력적인 자산으로 활용하는 것이 그 출발점이라 할 수 있다. 그 지역이 갖는 도시정체성을 확립하고 이를 위해 특별한 장소 만들기를 위한 계기가 필요하다. 이러한 도시 정체성은 그 도시가 지금까지 지내온 시간을 바탕으로 한다. 이러한 역사적인 요소를 통해 지역의 문화적 역사적 도시 이미지를 제고시키는 전략을 개발하여 대외적인 홍보방안 수립을 위한 도시 마케팅적 프로그램을 제안하고 한다. 대전시를 비롯하여 국내외에 존재하는 문화적 요소인 근대 역사물의 보존과 활용을 통해 지역의 매력적인 도시로서 이미지를 제고 시키고 도시 정체성에 대한 포지셔닝을 구축하고, 지속가능한 도시 재생을 통한 도시 마케팅 활용에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.239-243
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• 2009

지방자치단체의 도입과 정착으로 지역 간의 다양한 경쟁으로 도시마케팅에 대한 중요성이 매우 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 지역발전을 위한 일련의 활성화 정책들이 등장하기 시작하고 이 과정에서 지역들이 갖고 있는 고유의 역사와 문화는 훌륭한 핵심수단으로 인식되기 시작했다. 도시가 경쟁력을 갖기 위해 그 도심만의 유 무형의 자원을 개발하여 이를 매력적인 자산으로 활용하는 것이 그 출발점이라 할 수 있다. 그 지역이 갖는 도시정체성을 확립하고 이를 위해 특별한 장소 만들기를 위한 계기가 필요하다. 이러한 도시정체성은 그 도시가 지금까지 지내온 시간을 바탕으로 한다. 이러한 역사적인 요소를 통해 지역의 이미지를 제고시키는 전략을 개발하여 대외적인 홍보방안 수립을 위한 이미지 강화 프로그램을 제안하고 한다. 대전시에 존재하는 문화적 요소인 근대 역사물의 보존과 활용을 통해 지역의 매력적인 도시로서 이미지를 제고 시키고 도시 정체성에 대한 포지셔닝을 구축하고, 지속가능한 도시 재생에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

Purpose : These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of adminis tration of JokyungSan on ovarian functions and differential gene expressions related cell viabilities caspase-3, MAPK and MPG in female mice. Methods : We administered the JokyungSan to 6-week-old female ICR mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. The female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. We chose the caspase-3 for cell apoptosis, MAPK and MPG genes for cell viability and DNA repair. To compare the differences, we set a control group treated with plain water at the same volume by the same way. Results : In case of 4-day administration of JokyungSan, the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes increased significantly compared to a control group. The administration of JokyungSan, were beneficial effect of embryonic development in preimplantation period and play a role of prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damages and also increased cell proliferation resulted in ovarian functions. Conclusion : From our results suggested that the medication of JokyungSan has beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damaging and promotion of cell proliferation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2007

Folate has received international attention regarding its role in the risk-reduction of birth defects, specifically neural tube defects (NTDs). In 1998 health officials in Canada, like the United States, mandated the addition of folic acid to white flour and select grain product's to increase the folate intake of reproductive-aged women. Subsequent to this initiative there has been an increase in blood folate concentrations in Canada and a 50% reduction in NTDs. Many countries, including Korea, have not mandated folic acid fortification of their food supply. Reasons vary but often include concern over the masking of vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency, a belief that folate intakes among womenare adequate, low priority relative to other domestic issues, and the philosophy that individuals have the right not to consume supplemental folic acid if they so choose. Prior to folic acid fortification of the food supply in Canada, the folate intakes of women were low, and their blood folate concentrations while not sufficiently low to produce overt signs of folate deficiency (eg. anemia) were inconsistent with a level known to reduce the risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of folate during the periconceptional period, pregnancy, and during lactation. The rationale for, and history of recommending folic acid-containing supplements during the periconceptional period and pregnancy is described as is folic acid fortification of the food supply. The impact of folic acid fortification in Canada is discussed, and unresolved issues associated with this policy described. While the incidence of NTDs in Canada pre-folic acid fortification were seemingly higherthan that of Korea today, blood folate levels of Korean women are strikingly similar. We will briefly explore these parallels in an attempt to understand whether folic acid fortification of the food supply in Korean might be worth consideration.