• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

The stability of yellow and red dyes prepared from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in aqueous solution and in solid state was investigated. External factors such as light irradiation and temperature on the stability were examined during storage. Changes in absorbance of dye solutions and the color changes of fabrics dyed after long time storage were measured. Also, color reproducibility during storage was investigated by dyeing test on various fabrics. Red colorant in aqueous solution was very unstable to light, resulting that about 40% of absorbance were lost in 12hrs. The absorbance of yellow dye solutions was not decreased within 84hrs. In aqueous medium, yellow dye was much more stable than carthamin. Both dyes are relatively stable for long storage when they are stored in solid state compared to when in aqueous solution. Color changes are marginal in both dyes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2001

Recently, STI(Shallow Trench Isolation) process has attracted attention for high density of semiconductor device as a essential isolation technology. Without applying the conventional complex reverse moat process, CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing) has established the Process simplification. However, STI-CMP process have various defects such as nitride residue, torn oxide defect, damage of silicon active region, etc. To solve this problem, in this paper, we discussed to determine the control limit of process, which can entirely remove oxide on nitride from the moat area of high density as reducing the damage of moat area and minimizing dishing effect in the large field area. We, also, evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of STI-CMP process through the optimal process conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

The reproducibility of water droplet formation which is indispensible in the investigation of a drop-on-demand piezoelectrically driven inkjet was verified by checking the size of droplet and distance from the nozzle tip of inkjet head to droplet. Based on the reproducibility of droplet formation, we visualized the formation of micro-scale droplets by acquiring consecutive images at the jetting frequency of 500 Hz for which air bubbles were not generated. Two different electric waveforms were used to drive the piezoelectric actuator. The visualization system consists of a high-speed camera that can capture images up to 250,000fps, a long-distance microscope and a halogen lamp as a light source.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.5-9
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• 2002

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the preferred planarization method for multilevel interconnect technology due to its ability to achieve a high degree of feature level planarity. Especially, to achieve the higher density and greater performance, shallow trench isolation (STI)-CMP process has been attracted attention for multilevel interconnection as an essential isolation technology. Also, it was possible to apply the direct STI-CMP process without reverse moat etch step using high selectivity slurry (HSS). In this work, we determined the process margin with optimized process conditions to apply HSS STI-CMP process. Then, we evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of STI-CMP process through the optimal process conditions. The wafer-to-wafer thickness variation and day-by-day reproducibility of STI-CMP process after repeatable tests were investigated. Our experimental results show, quite acceptable and reproducible CMP results with a wafer-to-wafer thickness variation within 400$\AA$.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2011

This study was carried out to apply chemical gas sensors for the identification of bad breath which is one of the important sensitive problem for the humans' daily life. Seven sensors, including five semiconductor sensors and two electrochemical sensors, were tested for the three panels three times in several conditions. The results showed that the reproducibility of sensors were generally good, and electrochemical sensors showed better reproducibility while semiconductor sensors showed better sensitivity. No rinsing before measurement showed relatively better results in terms of both sensitivity and reproducibility. Semiconductor gas sensors for hydrogen sulfide shows the highest sensitivity, and it was recommended to use the odor-free bag for the measurement of bad breath.

• ALGAE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2024

The use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) has greatly improved the quantification of harmful protists, outperforming traditional methods like quantitative PCR. Notably, ddPCR provides enhanced consistency and reproducibility at it resists PCR inhibitors commonly found in environmental DNA samples. This study aimed to determine the most effective filter material for ddPCR protocols by assessing the reproducibility of species-specific gene copy numbers and filtration time across six filter types: cellulose acetate (CA), mixed cellulose ester (MCE), nylon (NY), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The study used two species of Chattonella marina complexes as a case study. Filtration rates were slower for NY, PC, and PVDF filters. Moreover, MCE, NY, PES, and PVDF yielded lower DNA amounts than other filters. Importantly, the CA filter exhibited the lowest variance (38-39%) and the highest determination coefficients (R² = 0.92-0.96), indicating superior performance. These findings suggest that the CA filter is the most suitable for ddPCR quantification of marine protists, offering quick filtration and reliable reproducibility.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2011

We manufactured the Vac-lok that can be applied to patient of special body shape and need to special set-up position and evaluated the usefulness in the radiation therapy. The manufacture Vac-lok, It was used EVA resin and biobeadform of a diameter 1.5 mm. carried out the test of functionality, structural and analyzed the relative reproducibility of phantoms and patients. During the total period of radiation therapy, Vacuum pressure bring variety to a very small amount in the test of functionality of the manufacture Vac-lok. But It was a negligible quantity. The manufacture Vac-lok improved the relative reproducibility of phantoms than the existing Vac-lok and tolerance has a confidence less than 4% error. Also, relative reproducibility of patient increased error than phantom in the antero-posterior and lateral plan. However, the maximum set-up error was less than ${\pm}\;2.3$ mm. In conclusion, If tolerance set-up error of radiotherapy is less than ${\pm}\;3$ mm, the manufacture Vac-lok was enough possible to use and improvement of reproducibility, considering supply with the Vac-lok made to measure of special patient that produced at a low price and without delay.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.487-496
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• 2000

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the reproducibility of the quantitative assessment of segmental wall motion and systolic thickening provided by an automatic quantitation algorithm. Materials and Methods: Tc-99m-MIBI gated myocardial SPECT with dipyridamole stress was performed in 31 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (4 with single, 6 with two, 11 with triple vessel disease; ejection fraction $51{\pm}14%$) twice consecutively in the same position. Myocardium was divided into 20 segments. Segmental wall motion and systolic thickening were calculated and expressed in mm and % increase respectively, using $AutoQUANT^{TM}$ software. The reproducibility of this quantitative measurement of wall motion and thickening was tested. Results: Correlations between repeated measurements on consecutive gated SPECT were excellent for wall motion (r=0.95) and systolic thickening (r=0.88). On Bland-Altman analysis, two standard deviation was 2 mm for repeated measurement of segmental wall motion, and 20% for that of systolic thickening. The weighted kappa values of repeated measurements were 0.807 for wall motion and 0.708 for systolic thickening. Sex, perfusion, or segmental location had no influence on reproducibility. Conclusion: Segmental wall motion and systolic thickening quantified using $AutoeUANT^{TM}$ software on gated myocardial SPECT offers good reproducibility and is significantly different when the change is more than 2 mm for wall motion and more than 20% for systolic thickening.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.16-19
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• 1976

InSb-Sn thin film Hall device Was drepared by flash evaporation of InSb-Sn powder on the Slide qlass. The Characteristics Curve of this device showcd good linearity and reproducibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.330-334
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• 1990

The lactulose contents in market milks were analyzed by gas chromatographic method. The method is evaluated for accurac and reproducibility using phenyl-$\beta$-D-glucoside as an internal standard. The response factor(RF) of lactulose of standard mixture was 1.15 the recoveries were 97.4-101.3% and the reproducibility was determined on the coefficeitns of variation 24.8% for pasteurized milk and 4.6-4.9% for UHT milk The lactulose contents of 16 brands of the market milks determined were 5.3-59.7mg/100ml in UHT milk and 1.3-1.8mg/100ml in pasteurized milk.