• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the heavy metal pollution of playgrounds of elementary schools in the Ulsan Metropolitan City. Soil pollution is one of the most dangerous problems of the utmost concern to both children and teachers. The result of this study would be an educational datum for improving children's health and establishing educational policy. Methods: For the analysis, fifteen representative schools were selected from five sample areas such as Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Jung-gu, Buk-gu and Ulju-gun of the Ulsan city. And from each school playground, soil was extracted from five spots and mingled into one sample. These fifteen samples were pretreated by the microwave extraction method, and the extracted heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr⁶⁺, Zn and Hg) were quantified by the ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma) system. Results: The results of the analysis shows that the level of heavy metal pollution of elementary school playgrounds in Ulsan city did not exceed the permitted limit of each heavy metal. This means that the soil pollution of playgrounds in the Ulsan Metropolitan City is not so serious as it is expected. But it should be added that the soil is not too safe to be ignored.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-51
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 설문지 형태 등 다양한 요인들이 인터넷 조사의 응답률 및 신뢰성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해 숙명여자대학교 재학생960명을 표본으로 추출하여 전자우편조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과 53.9%의 응답률을 얻었으며, 이를 통해 인터넷조사에서 단일스크린 형태와 다중스크린형태, 사전통보, 응답 재요청 등의 요인에 따른 응답률을 분석하였다. 또한 사례연구를 통해 비확률추출법인 자발적 참여에 의한 인터넷조사와 확률추출법인 전자우편조사 결과를 비교했을 경우 전자우편조사에서 보다 성실한 응답을 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 비록 제한적인 모집단을 연구대상으로 했지만 과학적인 확률추출을 적용한 신뢰성 있는 인터넷조사방법의 구현이 무엇보다 중요하고, 아울러 특정 집단을 모집단으로 하는 경우 확률추출에 의한 인터넷조사 방법의 구현이 현실적으로 가능하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to propose the optimum adding rate of freeze-drying beet leaf powder, which has antioxidant components, that have superior DPPH radical extinction effects, in the Sulgidduk, a representative of steamed rice cake, which improve its functionality. According to the measured results on moisture contents and pH levels of Sulgidduk, with added freeze-drying beet leaf powder, the moisture contents have been significantly declined with increasing rates of added beet leaf powder. The pH levels of sample groups are within the range of 6.26-6.13. From the chromatography of measured results, lightness and yellowness have declined and redness have increased along with increasing rates of added beat leaf powder. According to the texture of measured results, the hardness, and chewiness have declined by the increasing the rate of added beet leaf powder. For the storage period, hardness, and chewiness have been inclined, but cohesiveness declines, with increased the storage period, while there are no changes from elasticity. The DPPH contents of Sulgidduk, with added freeze-drying beet leaf powder, inclined by increasing the rates of added beet leaf powder. The sensory test results of color, aroma and fragrance incline with increasing rates of added beet leaf powder. From acceptance test results, the sample group added with 3% receive the highest appraisals.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1998

오염토양중의 유류 분석을 하기 위해서는 정확한 유류의 분류가 필요하며, 시료의 특성과 그에따른 적합한 추출방법과 기기분석법의 선택이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 유류를 가솔린, 등유 및 경유로 분류하였고, 이들의 추출방법들을 고찰하였으며, 가스크로마토그래프/질량분석법(GC/MS)에 의한 분석법과 이들의 정량법에 대하여 조사하였다. 실제 분석예로 시중에서 판매되는 몇몇 정유사의 가솔린과 경유를 정량분석하여 가솔린 중의 BTEX 및 경유중의 가지없는 포화탄화수소들의 함량을 계산하였고, 각각의 유류를 대표할 수 있는 정량법에 대하여 연구하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

This study was conducted to explore socio-demographic influences on eating behaviors among adolescents in Korea. Data were obtained from the Eleventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2015 KYRBS), a nationwide representative sample of 3,532,149 middle and high school students. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, and logistic regression based on complex sample design using SPSS 20.0 statistics. The results showed that intake frequency of soda, fast food, and instant noodles was higher in male than female students (P<0.001). Additionally, the frequency of eating breakfast, fruits, vegetables, and milk was higher among high school students than middle school students (P<0.001). Higher levels of economic status were associated with less skipping breakfast. Adolescents with mothers that had higher levels of education were more likely to be frequent consumers of fruits, vegetables, and milk, and to eat breakfast.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2020

The library provides its services to satisfy the user's approach. Naturally, the development of library services may determine by considering the satisfaction of users. It traces users' perceptions regarding subject access highlighting problems in the retrieval of Bengali documents by subject. This study has designed to assess users' attitudes towards the retrievals of Bengali documents in OPAC through subject headings. For a collection of data, a representative sample has drawn from a large and heterogeneous population consisting of users in university libraries of West Bengal using a stratified sampling technique. Subsequently, under each of the universities, users' community was stratified into students, research scholars, and faculty members. Under each stratum, the sample selected on a random basis. The users met personally to collect relevant data, while they came to the library and went on to search OPAC. A structured schedule, prepared for the purpose, was presented before library users and consequently, interviews and interpretations recorded systematically. In this manner, several factors have identified concerning subject searching and retrieval performance for Bengali documents. This study explores the access using subject headings in multilingual information retrieval systems. Moreover, the suitability of subject headings for retrieval of Bengali resources has ascertained from the users' point of view. The findings demand standard principles and rules for the construction of Bengali subject headings to maintain uniformity and consistency.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.717-725
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 미분탄의 연소과정을 파악하기 위하여 메탄-공기 예혼합 화염에서 연소중인 석탄입자를 단계별로 여러 위치에서 순간 냉각에 의해 채취한 후 단면을 관측함으로써 미분탄 연소과정의 해석을 시도하였다. 산소 함유량이 미분탄 연소에 미치는 영향을 고려하기 위하여 반응로에서의 연소 조건을 바꾸어 보았다. 또한 미분탄 연소과정의 이해를 돕기 위해 비분탄을 도가니에 넣어 전기 로에서 가열하여 얻은 챠르와 공기중에서 가열하여 얻은 회(ash)에 대한 단면을 관측하였다. 시험용 미분탄은 국내 발전소 등지에서 대량 소비되는 수입 유연탄을 사용하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.1120-1130
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• 2018

An analysis of a pyroprocessing safeguards methodology employing the Pu-to-$^{244}Cm$ ratio is presented. The analysis includes characterization of representative used nuclear fuel assemblies with respect to computed nuclide composition. The nuclide composition data computationally generated is appropriately reformatted to correspond with the material conditions after each step in the head-end stage of pyroprocessing. Uncertainty in the Pu-to-$^{244}Cm$ ratio is evaluated using the Geary-Hinkley transformation method. This is because the Pu-to-$^{244}Cm$ ratio is a Cauchy distribution since it is the ratio of two normally distributed random variables. The calculated uncertainty of the Pu-to-$^{244}Cm$ ratio is propagated through the mass flow stream in the pyroprocessing steps. Finally, the probability of Type-I error for the plutonium Material Unaccounted For (MUF) is evaluated by the hypothesis testing method as a function of the sizes of powder particles and granules, which are dominant parameters to determine the sample size. The results show the probability of Type-I error is occasionally greater than 5%. However, increasing granule sample sizes could surmount the weakness of material accounting because of the non-uniformity of nuclide composition.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.482-486
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to estimate the annual prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis stratified by work status based on a large nationwide sample. Methods: This study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2015. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were estimated based on work status and gender stratification. The risk of urolithiasis among workers was calculated using age-standardized incidence ratio with stratification of work type. Results: The prevalence of urolithiasis was significantly higher in workers than in non-workers, especially men, during the follow-up period. The total estimated number of urolithiasis cases was 41,086 and the overall incidence of urolithiasis was 0.3%. The age-standardized incidence ratio of urolithiasis was significantly higher among the total workers (1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.16), self-employed workers (1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.11), and paid workers (1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.21) than among the non-working population. Conclusions: Workers, especially paid workers and men, were vulnerable to urolithiasis. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of working conditions on urolithiasis.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.468-475
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• 2018

현재 국내 대학들이 강의평가의 저조한 참여율을 보완하기 위해 부가한 강제성은 학생들의 불성실한 응답을 야기하여 평가결과의 타당성을 크게 저해하는 요인으로 지적되고 있다. 본 연구는 전수조사로 진행되는 강의평가제의 문제점을 지적하고 표본 강의평가제를 그 대안으로 제시하면서 표본평균을 이용해 모평균을 추론하는 것이 통계적으로 의미 있다는 것을 모의실험을 통해 확인하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2016년 2학기 S 대학에서 개설된 강좌의 소형, 중형, 대형, 사이버 강좌를 모집단으로 가정하였고, 각 강좌의 강의평가 평균점수를 모평균으로 가정하였다. 그리고 표본수의 결정을 위하여 직전년도 동일 교과목에 대한 평균과 표준편차를 사용하였고, 신뢰수준은 95%, 오차한계는 ${\pm}0.25$로 하였다. 데이터 분석도구인 R을 이용한 모의실험 시행결과 소형, 중형, 대형, 사이버 강좌 모두 모평균을 포함하는 신뢰수준이 95% 이상 근사하는 것으로 나타나 대표성 있는 표본 강의평가제의 실현 가능성을 확인하였다.