• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2002

Purpose: To measure reliable glomerular filtration rate by using the representative values of transplanted renal depths, which are measured with ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: We included 54 patients (26 men, 28 women), with having both renal scintigraphy and ultrasonography after renal transplantation. We measured GFR with Gates' method using the renal depth measured by ultrasonography, and median and mean ones in each patient. We compared GFR derived from ultrasonography-measured renal depth with GFR derived from median and mean renal depths. The correlation coefficients were obtained among GFR derived from ultrasonography-measured renal depths, median and mean renal depths under linear regression analysis. We determined whether GFR derived from median or mean renal depth could substitute GFR derived from ultrasonography-measured renal depth with Bland-Altman method. We analyze the expected errors of the GFR using representative renal depth in terms of age, sex, weight, height, creatinine value, and body surface. Results: The transplanted renal depths range from 3.20 cm to 5.96 cm. The mean value and standard deviation of renal depths measured by ultrasonography are $4.09{\pm}0.65cm$ in men, and $4.24{\pm}0.78cm$ in women. The median value of renal depths measured by ultrasonography is 4.36 cm in men and 4.14 cm in women. The GFR derived from median renal depth is more consistent with GFR derived from ultrasonography-measured renal depth than GFR derived from mean renal depth. Differences of GFR derived from median and ultrasonography-measured renal depth are not significantly different in the groups classified with creatinine value, age, sex, height, weight and body surface. Conclusion: When median value is adapted as a representative renal depth, we could obtain reliable GFR in transplanted kidney simply.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.209-223
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• 2005

A new method for deriving analytical solution of the annular elastic plate on elastic foundation under axisymmetric loading is presented. The formulation is based on application of Hankel integral transforms and Bessel functions' properties in the corresponding boundary-value problem. A representative example is studied and the obtained solution is compared with published numerical results indicating excellent agreement.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 1994

Cyclic fatigue experiment was carried out to predict the life time of alumina ceramics. Four kinds of model were suggested to obtain the adequate representative static stress corresponding to the cyclic stress applied to the alumina specimens. Arithmetic mean stress model gives 21.81 of the crack growth exponent, integrated stress model gives 22.15, maximum stress model gives 24.57, and equivalent static stress model gives 24.43. It is considered that the equivalent static stress model is the most reasonable and gives the best adequate crack growth exponents value.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.759-768
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• 2005

K-means clustering has been widely used in many applications, such that pattern analysis, data analysis, market research and so on. It can identify dense and sparse regions among data attributes or object attributes. But k-means algorithm requires many hours to get k clusters, because it is more primitive and explorative. In this paper we propose a new method of k-means clustering using the grid-based representative value(arithmetic and trimmed mean) for sample. It is more fast than any traditional clustering method and maintains its accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.317-323
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose new methods which is to determine level of noise factor. Even Taguchi give level of noise factor which is best(or maximum) and worst(or minimum) condition, we give level of noise factor which is representative value by observing noise factor frequency. Sometimes level of noise factor is given one, two and three. We know this method is more fit in real fields.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.10-15
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose new methods which is to determine level of noise factor. Even Taguchi give level of noise factor which is best(or maximum) and worst(or minimum) condition, we give level of noise factor which is representative value by observing noise factor frequency. Sometimes level of noise factor is given one, two and three. We know this method is more fit in real fields.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1031-1034
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• 1999

Tin oxide films have been grown employing the chemical vapor deposition technique under reduced pressure conditions using tetramethyltin as the precursor and oxygen as the oxidant. An activation energy derived for the deposition reaction under representative deposition conditions has a value of 89±3 kJ mol-1, suggesting a typical kinetic control. Deposition rates of tin oxide films exhibit a near first order dependence on tetramethyltin partial pressure and a zeroth order dependence on oxygen partial pressure. This study provides the first quantitative information about the growth kinetics of tin oxide films from tetramethyltin by the cold-wall low-pressure chemical vapor deposition.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.269-291
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• 2014

China has countless ancient books that contain thousand years of continuously recorded history across every generation. It is essential to organize the ancient cultural literature in order to better communicate. The study of ancient Chinese literature recently has become a subject of priority. Shi-Ji, one of the representative documents, is used for record keeping because of its experience with ancient Chinese historic materials and artifacts. This draft of Shi-ji is based on ancient Chinese research methods with the purpose to explore the character, phonology, syntax, exegesis and collation of historical value.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

Plane detection is very important information for mission-critical of robot in 3D environment. A representative method of plane detection is Hough-transformation. Hough-transformation is robust to noise and makes the accurate plane detection possible. But it demands excessive memory and takes too much processing time. Iterative randomized Hough-transformation has been proposed to overcome these shortcomings. This method doesn't vote all data. It votes only one value of the randomly selected data into the Hough parameter space. This value calculated the value of the parameter of the shape that we want to extract. In Hough parameters space, it is possible to detect accurate plane through detection of repetitive maximum value. A common problem in these methods is that it requires too much computational cost and large number of memory space to find the distribution of mixed multiple planes in parameter space. In this paper, we detect multiple planes only via data sampling using Self Organizing Map method. It does not use conventional methods that include transforming to Hough parameter space, voting and repetitive plane extraction. And it improves the reliability of plane detection through division area searching and planarity evaluation. The proposed method is more accurate and faster than the conventional methods which is demonstrated the experiments in various conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.133-142
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to correct the bias of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)-based future precipitation data using a quantile mapping method. This method was adopted to correct extreme values because it was designed to adjust simulated data using probability distribution function. The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was used to fit distribution for precipitation data obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The resolutions of precipitation data was 12.5 km in space and 3-hour in time. As the results of bias correction over the past 30 years (1976~2005), the annual precipitation was increased 16.3 % overall. And the results for 90 years (divided into 2011~2040, 2041~2070, 2071~2100) were that the future annual precipitation were increased 8.8 %, 9.6 %, 11.3 % respectively. It also had stronger correction effects on high value than low value. It was concluded that a quantile mapping appeared a good method of correcting extreme value.