• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Objectives : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians(WSBTM) will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials of 13 patients with Arthroncus of Knee(슬안풍<膝眼風>, AK), to find out the characteristic of meridian system in patients with AK. Methods : Electric potentials of well and sea points in the meridians in twenty one patients with the pain in the lion diagnosed as AK were repeatedly measured by physiograph(PowerLab). Measurements of those electric potentials were analyzed by factor analysis. Results : Their electric potentials at the left and right side were factors which are different from each side. In the left side, Factor 1 included Small Intestine, Pericardium, Spleen, Kidney meridian, and Factor 2 included Heart, Tripple Energizer, Bladder, Liver meridian. Factor 3 included Large Intestine, Stomach, Gall bladder meridian, and Factor 4 included Lung meridian. In the right side, Factor 1 included Heart, Pericardium, Tripple Energizer, Spleen, Bladder meridian and Factor 2 included Lung, Liver, Gall bladder meridian. Factor 3 included Small Intestine, Stomach, Kidney meridian and Factor 4 included Large Intestine Meridian. Conclusions : The electric potentials of AK differ from those of normal bodies as well as of bodies with other diseases-shoulder lesions, waist lesions, Lumbago due to Strain and Contusion-. Thus electric potentials of well and sea points might be the representative meridian to show their characteristics.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

In order to perform an acute toxicity assessment of a new algicide, thiazolidinedione derivative (TD53) with enhanced solubility and lower toxicity to marine ecosystem, representative 3 organisms: plant plankton (Skeletonema costatum), animal plankton (Daphnia magna), fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) related in the food chain of marine ecosystem according to OECD standard methods were employed in the exposure experiment. The exposure assessment showed that $EC_50$ of S. costatum in 96-hour, $EC_50$ of D. magna in 48-hour and $LC_50$ of P. olivaceus in 72-hour for TD53 were $1.53\;{\mu}M$, $0.61\;{\mu}M$ and $2.14\;{\mu}M$ respectively. NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) were calculated to be $0.25\;{\mu}M$ and 6.10 nM, respectively from $EC_50$ of most sensitive strain, D. magna. Comparing with the results of toxicity assessment previously performed by using Ulva pertusa Kjellman accepted as an ISO standard method, the values of PNEC showed 3.7 times lower toxicity in case of this study employing 3 organisms, indicating that if the organisms which are more representative and sensitive in marine ecosystem are further investigated, more accurately and validly predicted toxicity of TD53 could be applied in field.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2003

포도주 양조에 있어서 가장 중요한 효모배양을 효과적으로 하기 위하여 대표적인 활성건조효모 5종을 선정하여 포도주 특성과 제조공정에 적합한 활성건조 효모를 찾는 기준을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 활성건조효모의 내성시험으로, 17% 에탄올 용액에서 72시간 후에 Lalvin W15 균주의 생존율이 0.007%로 가장 높았고, 1% 구연산 용액에서 72시간 후에 Pasteur Champagne 균주의 생존율은 2.85%로 가장 높았고, 또한 아황산 200ppm 용액에서 72시간 후에 Lalvin W15 >Prise de Mousse > Epernay II > Pasteur champagne > Montrachet 균주 순으로 생존율이 높았고 41.1%, 12.3%, 5.15%, 4.38%, 0.11%이었다. 적포도 Campbell Early 양조시험으로, 총산은 Lalvin W15 균주로 발효중인 must가 가장 높은 0.93g/100ml 이었으며, 에탄올 함량은 Epernay II 균주로 발효중인 must가 13.8%로 가장 높았다. 또한 유기산 함량은 주석산 > 사과산 > 구연산 순으로 많았고, Prise de Mousse 균주로 발효된 포도주가 주석산 1,897mg/l, 사과산 2,204mg/l로 가장 많았다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 1994

밤나무 동고병(胴枯病)에 심하게 감염(感染)된 미국밤나무의 이병(罹病)줄기로부터 병원균(病原菌)인 Cryphonectria parasitica를 102균주(菌株) 분리(分離)하여 배지상에서 배양(培養)하면서 체세포(體細胞) 화합성(和合性)을 조사한 결과, 102 균주는 54 개의 화합성군(和合性群)으로 나누어 졌으며 그중 38개의 화합성군에 단지 한 균주씩, 6개의 화합성군에 각각 2 균주씩 포함되었으며 나머지 52개 균주는 10개의 화합성군에 포함되어 다양한 화합성군으로 분화(分化)되었음을 보여주었다. 체세포 화합성에 있어서 이러한 다양(多樣)한 분화는 병원균이 분리된 지역에서 80년 이상 존재(存在)해 오면서 시간이 경과(經過)함에 따라 유전적(遺傳的)으로 많은 분화가 일어나고 이로 인하여 화합성군의 숫자가 증가(增加)한 것에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 추측된다. 가장 빈도(頻度)가 높은 10개의 화합성군으로부터 각각 한 균주씩을 대표적인 균주로 선발(選拔)하고 이들을 여러 지역에서 분리된 저병원성 균주와 균사융합(菌絲融合)을 시키면서 저병원성(低病原性) 균주로의 변환(變換)을 시도(試圖)하였다. 10개의 대표적인 균주는 모두 최소(最少)한 1개 이상의 저병원성 균주에 의해서 저병원성 균주로 변환되었다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1510-1510
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• 2001

NIRS uses reflectance signals resulting from bending and stretching vibrations in chemical bonds between carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen. These reflectance signals are used to measure the concentration of major chemical composition and other descriptors of homogenized and freeze-dried whole broiler carcasses. Six strains of chicken were analyzed and the NIRS model predictions compared to reference data. The results of this comparison indicate that NIRS is a rapid tool for predicting dry matter (DM), fat, crude protein (CP) and ash content in the broiler carcass. Males and females of six commercial strain crosses of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) were used in this study (6$\times$2 factorial design). Each strain was grown to 16 weeks of age, and duplicate serial samples were taken for body composition analysis. Each whole carcass was pressure-cooked, homogenized, and a representative sample was freeze-dried. Body composition determined as follows: DM by oven dried method at 105$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, fat by Mojonnier diethyl ether extraction, CP by measuring nitrogen content using an auto-analyzer with Kjeldhal digest and ash by combustion in a muffle furnace for 24 hour at 55$0^{\circ}C$. These homogenized and freeze-dried carcass samples were then scanned with a Foss NIR Systems 6500 visible-NIR spectrophotometer (400-2500nm) (Foss NIR Systems, Silver Spring, MD., US) using Infra-Soft-International, ISI, WinISl software (ISI, Port Matilda, US). The NIRS spectra were analyzed using principal component (PC) analysis. This data was corrected for scatter using standard normal “Variate” and “Detrend” technique. The accuracy of the NIRS calibration equations developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) for predicting major chemical composition and carcass descriptors- such as body mass (BM), bird dry matter and moisture content was tested using cross validation. Discrimination analysis was also used for sex and strain identification. According to Dr John Shenk, the creator of the ISI software, the calibration equations with the correlation coefficient, $R^2$, between reference data and NIRS predicted results of above 0.90 is excellent and between 0.70 to 0.89 is a good quantifying guideline. The excellent calibration equations for DM ($R^2$= 0.99), fat (0.98) and CP (0.92) and a good quantifying guideline equation for ash (0.80) were developed in this study. The results of cross validation statistics for carcass descriptors, body composition using reference methods, inter-correlation between carcass descriptors and NIRS calibration, and the results of discrimination analysis for sex and strain identification will also be presented in the poster. The NIRS predicted daily gain and calculated daily gain from this experiment, and true daily gain (using data from another experiment with closely related broiler chicken from each of the six strains) will also be discussed in the paper.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1997

토목구조물의 동적해석 뿐아니라 공용상태 구조물 기초의 변형해석을 위해서는 지반의 신뢰성 있는 비선형 변형특성 평가가 매우 중요하다. 변형특성 평가를 위한 현장시험으로는 저변형률 하에서 지반의 탄성계수를 결정할 수 있는 크로스흘시험이나 중간변형률 영역에서 변형률 크기에 따른 탄성계수 결정이 가능한 공내재하시험이 사용되나 전 변형률 영역에서의 탄성계수 변화를 측정하지 못하고,,하중주파수의 영향,구속압의 영향 등을 엄밀히 평가하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 공진주/비틂전단시험과 같은 실내시험에서는 저변형률 및 중간변형률을 포함하는 전변형률 영역에서의 탄성계수 측정이 가능하나 불교란시료의 채취와 시료의 대표성 확보가 매우 어려운 단점이 있다. 따라서 보다 엄밀한 현장지반의 변형률 크기에 따른 탄성계수 결정을 위하여는 각각의 실내시험과 현장시험에서의 신뢰성 있는 변형률 측정범위, 작용되는 응력의 크기, 시험이 수행되는 하중주파수 차이 등을 효과적으로 결합하여 사용하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지반의 비선형 변형특성을 현장 및 실내시험 결과를 효과적으로 결합하여 사용하는 방법을 제시하고, 화강풍화토 지반에서 현장시험으로 크로스흘과 공내재하시험을, 실내시험으로는 공진주/비틂 전단시험을 수행하여 현장지반의 변형특성을 결정하고, 각 시험법들의 장.단점과 신뢰성 있는 시험범위를 검토하였다. 마지막으로, 현장지반의 비선형 변형특성 평가 절차를 제시하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-153
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of inpatients who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to low back pain. Methods The current study was designed as a retrospective chart review to investigate descriptive characteristics of LBP patients. The clinical records of 601 patients who were hospitalized for treatment of LBP in Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon University from 1st, January, 2013 to 31th, December, 2013 were analyzed. Results 1. Most frequently given diagnosis was sprain and strain of lumbar (45.93%). 2. Female outnumbered male patients in all disease groups except fracture of lumbar spine. 3. In distribution according to age, sprain and strain of lumbar, HNP of L-spine and lumbago with sciatica were most frequent at 30s, fracture of lumbar spine was most frequent at 50s and spinal stenosis was most frequent at 70s. 4. The most frequently motive for low back pain was traffic accident (35.4%) 5. Patients with no related medical history were 76.95% 6. 0~1week interval between onset and visit to Korean Medicine Hospital was most frequent in all disease groups. 7. 50.85% of patients went through treatment at medical institutions before the admitting to Korean Medicine Hospital. 8. The average admission days of female was higher than male's. And age goes up, average duration of admission was longer. 9. In most (74.59%) of the patients, symptoms were more than improved. 10. Most frequently prescribed examination was X-ray (65.13%). 11. Most frequently prescribed herb medicine was whal-lak-tang (Huoluo-tang). Conclusions In most (74.59%) of the patients, symptoms were more than improved, especially in sprain and strain of lumbar and lumbago with sciatica. But Patients with a local hospital statistic is not be representative of the incidence of the population. In order to obtain more accurate statistics, it is necessary to compare analysis collect statistics from other medical hospitals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2018

As shown during the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) outbreak, egg-based influenza vaccine production technology is insufficient to meet global demands during an influenza pandemic. Therefore, there is a need to adapt cell culture-derived vaccine technology using suspended cell lines for more rapid and larger-scale vaccine production. In this study, we attempted to generate a high-growth influenza vaccine strain in MDCK cells using an A/Puerto/8/1934 (H1N1) vaccine seed strain. Following 48 serial passages with four rounds of virus plaque purification in MDCK cells, we were able to select several MDCK-adapted plaques that could grow over $10^8PFU/ml$. Genetic characterization revealed that these viruses mainly had amino acid substitutions in internal genes and exhibited higher polymerase activities. By using a series of Rg viruses, we demonstrated the essential residues of each gene and identified a set of high-growth strains in MDCK cells ($PB1_{D153N}$, $M1_{A137T}$, and $NS1_{N176S}$). In addition, we confirmed that in the context of the high-growth A/PR/8/34 backbone, A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2), and A/environment/Korea/deltaW150/2006 (H5N1) also showed significantly enhanced growth properties (more than $10^7PFU/ml$) in both attached- and suspended-MDCK cells compared with each representative virus and the original PR8 vaccine strain. Taken together, this study demonstrates the feasibility of a cell culture-derived approach to produce seed viruses for influenza vaccines that are cheap and can be grown promptly and vigorously as a substitute for egg-based vaccines. Thus, our results suggest that MDCK cell-based vaccine production is a feasible option for producing large-scale vaccines in case of pandemic outbreaks.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 경상북도 울릉군에서 분리한 토양 방선균에 대해 생리학적 특징과 다양성에 대해 연구하였다. ULS1 및 ULS2로 명명한 2개의 토양 시료를 채취하여 다양한 배지에 배양하여 분리하였으며, 평균 생균수는 ULS1 토양은 $1.28{\times}10^7CFU/g$, ULS2 토양은 $2.05{\times}10^7CFU/g$였다. 16S rRNA 유전자에 기반한 염기서열 분석 결과, 총 9개의 속에서 34개의 균주가 분리되었으며 해당 속은 Streptomyces (16 균주), Isoptericola (5 균주), Rhodococcus (4 균주), Agromyces (3 균주), Micrococcus (2 균주), Arthrobacter (1 균주), Williamsia (1 균주), Microbacterium (1 균주) 및 Oerskovia (1 균주)에 속하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다양한 효소활성과 식물 생장 촉진 활성 측정 결과, 전체의 58.8%가 단백질 분해 활성을, 79.4%가 Tween 80 분해 활성을, 그리고 61.8%가 DNA 분해 활성을 각각 가지는 것으로 나타났다. Oerskovia, Williamsia, Isoptericola 및 Streptomyces 속에 속하는 분리주들로부터 인을 가용화시키는 능력을 확인할 수 있었으며, Agromyces, Oerskovia, Micrococcus, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces 및 Isoptericola 속에 속하는 분리주들은 식물호르몬인 3-indole-acetic acid (IAA)를 생산하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Streptomyces 속에 속하는 분리주들은 Candida albicans 뿐만 아니라 Staphylococcus aureus와 Bacillus subtilis에 항생활성을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 독특한 생태계를 구성하는 울릉도 지역의 토양 방선균 다양성 및 생리 활성에 대한 최초의 연구로서 의미를 가지며, 새로운 유용 생리 활성 물질의 좋은 원천이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2023

Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, is a representative bony fish that belongs to the family Scorpaenidae and the order Scorpaeniformes. It has high ecological and economic value and is widely cultivated in many East Asian countries, including South Korea, Japan and China. One of streptococci, Streptococcus iniae, is Gram-positive cocci with a negative reaction for catalase and oxidase. The Korean rockfish shows clinical signs when infected with S. iniae, such as body darkening, bleeding, enlarged kidneys, blurred eyes, abdominal distension, etc., ultimately leading to death. The Korean rockfish causes significant economic losses every year in South Korea due to streptococcosis. In this study, we identified bacteria from the fish using polymerase chain reaction and conducted analyses of hemolytic activity and biochemical tests using API 20 STREP and API ZYM systems. Results of confirming the hemolytic activity (n=4) observed in alpha-type hemolysis (25%), beta-type hemol- ysis (50%), and gamma-type hemolysis (25%) of isolates. The biochemical test results exhibited sig- nificant variation among S. iniae. Additionally, we performed intraperitoneal injection with S. iniae in the fish and analyzed the phylogenetic tree using housekeeping genes of S. iniae, including cpsD, arcC, glnA, groEL, gyrB, mutS, pheT, prkC, rpoB, and tkt, via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The lethal dose (LD₅₀) showed strong pathogenicity, such as 3.34 × 10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml for 23FBStr0601 strain and 7.16 × 10 CFU/ml for 23FBStr0602 strain. 23FBStr0603 strain showed relatively low pathogenicity at 1.73 × 10⁵ CFU/ml. The strains 23FBStr0601 and 23FBStr0602, which showed strong pathogenicity, clustered into one monophyletic group. The 23FBStr0603 strain showed weak pathogenicity and formed a monophyletic group with KCTC 3657.