• 제목/요약/키워드: RepB

검색결과 91건 처리시간 0.024초

Effect of a Time Dependent Concrete Modulus of Elasticity on Prestress Losses in Bridge Girders

  • Singh, Brahama P.;Yazdani, Nur;Ramirez, Guillermo
    • International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 2013
  • Prestress losses assumed for bridge girder design and deflection analyses are dependent on the concrete modulus of elasticity (MOE). Most design specifications, such as the American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) bridge specifications, contain a constant value for the MOE based on the unit weight of concrete and the concrete compressive strength at 28 days. It has been shown in the past that that the concrete MOE varies with the age of concrete. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a time-dependent and variable MOE on the prestress losses assumed for bridge girder design. For this purpose, three different variable MOE models from the literature were investigated: Dischinger (Der Bauingenieur 47/48(20):563-572, 1939a; Der Bauingenieur 5/6(20):53-63, 1939b; Der Bauingenieur, 21/22(20):286-437, 1939c), American Concrete Institute (ACI) 209 (Tech. Rep. ACI 209R-92, 1992) and CEB-FIP (CEB-FIP Model Code, 2010). A typical bridge layout for the Dallas, Texas, USA, area was assumed herein. A prestressed concrete beam design and analysis program from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) was utilized to determine the prestress losses. The values of the time dependent MOE and also specific prestress losses from each model were compared. The MOE predictions based on the ACI and the CEB-FIP models were close to each other; in long-term, they approach the constant AASHTO value. Dischinger's model provides for higher MOE values. The elastic shortening and the long term losses from the variable MOE models are lower than that using a constant MOE up to deck casting time. In long term, the variable MOE-based losses approach that from the constant MOE predictions. The Dischinger model would result in more conservative girder design while the ACI and the CEB-FIP models would result in designs more consistent with the AASHTO approach.

제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術) (Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop)

  • 김길웅;박광호
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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도화원도를 이용한 3차원 건물모델의 자동생성 (Automatic Generation of 3D Building Models using a Draft Map)

  • 김성준;민성홍;이동천;박진호;이임평
    • 대한공간정보학회지
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    • 제15권2호통권40호
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    • pp.3-14
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 항공사진으로부터 지도를 제작하는 과정의 중간산출물인 도화원도를 이용하여 3차원 건물모델을 자동으로 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 기구축된 도화원도에 포함된 제한적인3차원 정보를 추출하여 지면모델, 지붕면모델과 벽면모델을 생성하는 과정으로 구성된다. 지붕면모델은 지붕면 모서리점들의 평면근사오차를 기준으로 단일평면이나 복합평면으로 생성한다. 단일평면은 강인추정법에 의한 평면근사를 통해, 복합평면은 삼각망에 기반한 분할 및 병합으로 구성된다. 벽면모델은 지붕면모델을 구성하는 모서리를 지면모델에 투영하여 생성한다. 실제 데이터에 적용한 결과 넓은 지역에 다양한 형태의 건물모델이 성공적으로 생성되었다. 제안된 방법은 기구축된 데이터를 이용하기 때문에 시간 및 비용적인 측면에서 효율적인 방법으로 평가된다.

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XML을 이용한 이기종 CAD 조립체 DMU시스템의 설계 (An XML-based Digital Mock-Up System for Heterogeneous Multi-CAD Assembly)

  • 송인호;정성종
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.635-643
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    • 2007
  • As many engineers and technicians are involved in the design process of large scale and/or complex products, there are a lot of miss matches and interferences due to designers' faults and several kinds of CAD systems. Recently, CAD systems are applied to verify and check the assembly process. Digital Mock-Up(DMU) system, a tool to build a virtual mock-up in the design stage, has been used to prevent the interferences and miss matches during precision design processes. Using the virtual assembly tool, engineers are able to design precision and interference free parts without physical mock-ups. Instead of a single CAD source, several CAD systems are used to design a complex product. Several organizations are involved in the distributed design environment for heterogeneous multi-CAD assembly. XML and the lightweight CAD file are proposed for the multi-CAD assembly. XML data contains hierarchy of the heterogenenous multi-CAD assembly. STEP PDM schema and STEP ISO 10303-28 formations are applied to construct the XML data. The lightweight CAD file produced from various CAD files through ACIS kernel and InterOp not only contains mesn, B-Rep and topological data, but also is used to visualize CAD data and to verify dimensions. Developed system is executed on the desktop computers. It does not require commercial CAD systems to visualize 3D assembly data. Real-time interference and fitness checks, dimensional verification, and design and assembly verification are performed on the developed system. Assembly of heterogeneous models for a car is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed DMU system on the Internet.

Construction of a Novel Shuttle Vector for Tetragenococcus species based on a Cryptic Plasmid from Tetragenococcus halophilus

  • Min Jae Kim;Tae Jin Kim;Yun Ji Kang;Ji Yeon Yoo;Jeong Hwan Kim
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 2023
  • A cryptic plasmid (pTH32) was characterized from Tetragenococcus halophilus 32, an isolate from jeotgal, Korean traditional fermented seafood. pTH32 is 3,198 bp in size with G+C content of 35.84%, and contains 4 open reading frames (ORFs). orf1 and orf2 are 456 bp and 273 bp in size, respectively, and their translation products showed 65.16% and 69.35% similarities with RepB family plasmid replication initiators, respectively, suggesting the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mode of pTH32. orf3 and orf4 encodes putative hypothetical protein of 186 and 76 amino acids, respectively. A novel Tetragenococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pMJ32E (7.3 kb, Emr), was constructed by ligation of pTH32 with pBluescript II KS(+) and an erythromycin resistance gene (ErmC). pMJ32E successfully replicated in Enterococcus faecalis 29212 and T. halophilus 31 but not in other LAB species. A pepA gene, encoding aminopeptidase A (PepA) from T. halophilus CY54, was successfully expressed in T. halophilus 31 using pMJ32E. The transformant (TF) showed higher PepA activity (49.8 U/mg protein) than T. halophilus 31 cell (control). When T. halophilus 31 TF was subculturd in MRS broth without antibiotic at 48 h intervals, 53.8% of cells retained pMJ32E after 96 h, and only 2.4% of cells retained pMJ32E after 14 days, supporting the RCR mode of pTH32. pMJ32E could be useful for the genetic engineering of Tetragenococcus and Enterococcus species.

체외수정 유래 생쥐 배아줄기세포와 유사한 특성을 보유한 단위발생 유래 생쥐 배아줄기세포 (Parthenogenetic Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells have Similar Characteristics to In Vitro Fertilization mES Cells)

  • 박세필;김은영;이금실;이영재;신현아;민현정;이훈택;정길생;임진호
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 2002
  • Objective: This study was to compare the characteristics between parthenogenetic mES (P-mES) cells and in vitro fertilization mES cells. Materials and Methods: Mouse oocytes were recovered from superovulated 4 wks hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) female mice. For parthenogenetic activation, oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and $5{\mu}g$/ml cytochalasin-B for 4 h. For IVF, oocytes were inseminated with epididymal sperm of hybrid F1 male mice ($1{times}10^6/ml$). IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in M16 medium for 4 days. Cell number count of blastocysts in those two groups was taken by differential labelling using propidium iodide (red) and bisbenzimide (blue). To establish ES cells, b1astocysts in IVF and parthenogenetic groups were treated by immunosurgery and recovered inner cell mass (ICM) cells were cultured in LIF added ES culture medium. To identify ES cells, the surface markers alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, 3,4 and Oct4 staining were examined in rep1ated ICM colonies. Chromosome numbers in P-mES and mES were checked. Also, in vitro differentiation potential of P-mES and mES was examined. Results: Although the cleavage rate (${\geq}$2-cell) was not different between IVF (76.3%) and parthenogenetic group (67.0%), in vitro development rate was significantly low in parthenogenetic group (24.0%) than IVF group (68.4%) (p<0.05). Cell number count of ICM and total cell in parthenogenetic b1astocysts ($9.6{\pm}3.1,\;35.1{\pm}5.2$) were signficantly lower than those of IVF blastocysts ($19.5{\pm}4.7,\;63.2{\pm}13.0$) (p<0.05). Through the serial treatment procedure such as immunosurgery, plating of ICM and colony formation, two ICM colonies in IVF group (mES, 10.0%) and three ICM colonies (P-mES, 42.9%) in parthenogenetic group were able to culture for extended duration (25 and 20 passages, respectively). Using surface markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-l and Oct4 in P-mES and mES colony were positively stained. The number of chromosome was normal in ES colony from two groups. Also, in vitro neural and cardiac cell differentiation derived from mES or P-mES cells was confirmed. Conclusion: This study suggested that P-mES cells can be successfully established and that those cell lines have similar characteristics to mES cells.

Astaxanthin 생합성을 위한 Phaffia rhodoxyma 변이주 B76의 발효공정 특성 (Fermentation Process Characteristics of Phaffia rhodozyma Mutant B76 for Astaxanthin Biosynthesis)

  • 임달택;이은규
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 2000
  • Astaxanthin의 산업적인 생합성을 위하여 wild type인 P.rhodozyma B30 효모를 UV, NTG 등으로 돌연변이 처리하여 0.5 mM $\beta$-ionone이 포함된 선별배지에서 carotenoids 합성능력이 우수한 변이주 B76을 분리하였다. 변이주 B76은 wild type과 비교시 균체 생성능력은 큰 차이가 없었으나 carot-enoids 합성능력은 40% 이상, astaxanthin 합성능력은 50% 이상 향상되었다. 선별된 변이주 B76의 최적 발효배지 및 배양 조건 선정을 위한 플라스크 배양실험 결과 최적 탄소원으로 glucoserk, 최적 질소원은 CSL : (NH4)2SO4 : yeast extract = 6 : 2 : 0.1이 혼합된 배지가 선정되었다. C/N ratio는 1.7~2.0 범위에서 유사한 발효성능을 보았으며(산업적인 생산성을 고려하여 2.0을 최적으로 선정), 배양온도는 $22^{\circ}C$가 최적이었다. 초기 pH는 가장 높은 세포농도를 나타낸 6.0을 최적으로 하였다. 종균 접종량은 전반적으로 균체량과 carotenoids 합성능력에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며 산업적인 생산성을 고려하여 3%(v/v) 수준이 적절한 것으로 사료되었다. 이와 같이 플라스크 배양을 통해 확립된 최적 배지 및 배양조건을 기초로 5 L 발효조를 이용한 회분식 배양실험을 통해 탄소원의 최적 농도는 18%임을 확인하였다. 특히 B76 변이주는 22%(w/v)까지의 고농도 glucose 존재하에서는 catabolite rep-ression을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 용존산소가 부족한 경우에는 균체성장 및 색소합성이 저해되었고, 따라서 통기속도 1.0 v/v/m, 교반속도 400 rpm 이상을 유지함이 필요하였다. B76 세포는 배양 3일차에 exponential phase에 진입한 후(최대 Yx/s = 0.37) 배양 4일차에 stationary phase에 도달하였다. Carotenoids 및 astaxanthin 생합성은 세포성장이 정지한 후인 배양 5일차에 급격하게 증가하는(최대 Yp/s = 1.08) 전형적인 mixed-growth-associated 형태를 나타냈다. 이는 exp-onential phase 동안 급격한 균체성장으로 용존산소가 부족하여 NADH balance에 의해 astaxanthin 생합성 경로 중 탈수소화 단계가 저해되기 때문으로 사료되었다. 최종 세포농도는 43.3 g/L, 단위부피당 carotenoids 함량은 149.4 mg/L, astaxanthin 함량은 110.6 mg/L로서 산업적인 생산성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통하여 개발된 변이주 B76 및 이의 대량 발효를 위한 최종조건의 정립은 향후 astaxanthin의 산업적 생산공정에 필요한 기초자료로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

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충청지역의 임상검체로부터 분리된 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex를 대상으로 항균제 내성 유전자 비교분석 (Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistant Genes in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Chungcheong, Korea)

  • 성지연
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.427-434
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    • 2017
  • Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (Acb) complex에 속한 종들은 빈번하게 병원감염 및 기회감염을 일으킨다. 또한 다제내성인 경우가 많아 이 균들의 감염증 치료를 위한 항균제 선택이 매우 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 ciprofloxacin 내성 Acinetobacter species 53균주를 대상으로 fluoroquinolone 내성기전을 조사했다. 항균제 감수성 양상을 조사하기 위해 디스크확산법이 시행되었다. Fluoroquinolone 내성과 관련된 유전자 및 돌연변이 검출을 위해 PCR과 염기서열분석이 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서 수집된 53균주의 ciprofloxacin 내성 Acinetobacter 중 47균주가 gyrA 유전자의 83번째 serine 아미노산 잔기와 parC 유전자의 80번째 serine 아미노산 잔기가 leucine 잔기로 치환된 sense mutations 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. gyrA와 parC 유전자에 sense mutations을 가지고 있는 47균주 중 44균주가 A. baumannii 였고 3균주는 A. pittii였다. 본 연구에서 조사대상이 되었던 Acb complex 균주들 중 plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants를 가지고 있는 균주는 한나도 없었다. 46 균주의 ciprofloxacin 내성 A. baumannii 는 A, B, 또는 F형의 banding pattern을 보였는데 이는 충청지역에 위치한 일개의 병원에 ciprofloxacin 내성 A. baumannii가 수평확산 되어 있음을 의미한다. Fluoroquinolone 내성 Acb complex 균주의 집락화 및 확산을 막기 위해서 다제내성 균주들을 대상으로 항균제 내성인자들을 지속적으로 조사하고 모니터링할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

다제내성 Acinetobacter baumannii 의 항생제 내성 유전자 분석 (An Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii)

  • 임진아;이규상;최연임;김종배
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.217-224
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    • 2016
  • Acinetobacter baumannii는 병원환경에 광범위하게 분포하고 있으며, 원내감염의 중요한 원인균으로 병원에서 집단감염 일으키고, 중증의 기저질환을 가진 환자에게 감염되면 감염환자의 사망률이 다른 환자에 비해 월등히 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 충청남도 천안시에 소재한 대학병원 두 곳의 진단검사의학과에 의뢰된 가검물에서 분리한 다제 내성 A. baumannii 85주의 항생제 내성률과 내성유전자 양상에 대해 조사하였다. Carbapenemase와 Class B ${\beta}$-lactamase의 생성균주를 선별하기 위하여 modified Hodge test (MHT)와 IMP-EDTA double-disk synergy test를 실시하였다. 항생제 내성을 유발하는 carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs)을 확인하기 위하여 PCR을 시행 하였으며, A. baumannii가 분리된 두 대학병원간 분리균주의 유전학적인 근연도를 확인하기 위해 REP-PCR을 시행하였다. 실험결과 3균주를 제외한 82균주(96.5%)에서 $bla_{OXA-23-like}$$bla_{OXA-51-like}$이 검출되었다. $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ 유전자가 검출된 균주에서는 $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ 유전자 상부에 ISAba1 유전자가 확인되어 carbapenemase에 대한 내성을 유도하는 것으로 확인 되었다. Aminoglycoside에 대한 내성을 유발하는 16S rRNA methylase 유전자인 armA는 A병원에서 분리한 38균주 중 34균주(89.5%)에서, B병원에서 분리한 47균주 중 40균주(85.1%)에서 확인되었고, aminoglycoside modifying emzyme 유전자는 A병원 유래 38 균주 중 33 균주(70.2%)에서, B병원 유래 47균주 중 44 균주(93.6%)에서 aac(3)-IIa/ant(2")-Ia/aac(6')-Ib가 확인됨에 따라 천안지역에서 분리되는 대부분의 다제 내성 A. baumannii 균주는 acethyltransferase와 adenyltransferase를 동시에 발현하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험 결과는 충청남도 천안시에서 분리된 MDR A. baumannii를 대상으로 한 보고서로서, 항생제 내성유형과 내성 유전자의 분포를 확인하여 MDR A. baumannii 균주에 의한 감염증의 치료 지침과 내성세균 확산 방지를 위해 필요한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Thrombospondins Mediate the Adhesion of Osteoblast to Extracelluar Matrix

  • Lim, Dong-Jin;Bae, In-Ho;Jeong, Byung-Chul;Kim, Sun-Hun;Park, Bae-Keun;Kang, In-Chul;Lee, Shee-Eun;Song, Sang-Hun;Koh, Jeong-Tae
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2008
  • Thrombospondins (TSP-1, TSP-2) are secretory extracellular glycoproteins that are involved in a variety of physiological processes such as tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the involvement of thrombospondins in the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells using the TSP-1 or TSP-2 antisense MG63 and MC3T3-E1 cell lines. For downregulation of TSPs expression, we prepared antisense constructs for TSP-1 and TSP-2 using the pREP4 an episomal mammalian expression vector, which be able to produce the specific antisense oligonucleotides around chromosome. MG63 and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were transfected with the antisense constructs and nonliposomal Fugene 6, and then selected under hygromycin B (50 ${\mu}g/ml$) treatment for 2 weeks. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of the TSP proteins was downregulated in the antisense cell lines. The cell adhesion assay showed that adhesive properties of TSP-1 and TSP-2 antisense MG63 cells on the polystyrene culture plate were reduced to 17% and 21% of the control cells, respectively, and those of the TSP-1 and TSP-2 antisense MC3T3-E1 cells also decreased to 19% and 27% of control, respectively. Adhesion of TSP-1 and TSP-2 antisense MC3T3-E1 cells on Type I collagen-coated culture plate decreased to 27% and 76%, respectively. These results indicate that TSP-1 and TSP-2 proteins may have an important role in adhesion of osteoblast-like cells to extracellular matrix.