• 혜화의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

Objective: The primary objective this study was to evaluate the effect of Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment on against the glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods: Glycerol injection decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate) and increased urine volume, serum creatinine, BUN level, urine albumine secretion and fractional excretion of Na+, K+. PJS was selected in the basis of invigorating kidney which can eliminate pathogens. Rats were treated with PJS pharmacopuncture on Shin-shu (BL23) and Chon-chu (ST25) point for 3 days, followed by 50% concentration of glycerol injection ($5m{\ell}/kg$ body weight). Results: After the 3 days treatment period, Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment improved renal function. In addition, Glycerol injection increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased Na-K-ATPase in renal cortex and which were prevented by PJS treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment show favorable effect on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1990

It is well known that the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has a prepro-hormone of 151 amino-acids which loses their hydrophobic signal peptide to form 126 amino acid prohormone. The whole prohormone is released and then cleaved by proteases into more than one circulating forms. Recently, Winters et al. (1988a, b) reported that high concentrations of N-terminal fragments of prepro-ANP $(26{\sim}55),\;(56{\sim}92)\;and\;(104{\sim}123)$ were detected in human plasma. However, their physiological roles have not been established. The present study was conducted to determine whether the N-terminal fragments of pro-ANP have any effect on the renal function and to compare the effect with those of G-terminal fragments of pro-ANP The results indicate that intrarenal arterial infusions of prepro-ANP $(26{\sim}41),\;(26{\sim}55),\;(56{\sim}92)\;and\;(104{\sim}123)$ induced no significant changes in renal function. Whereas ${\alpha}-human$ ANP $(prepro-ANP,\;124{\sim}151)$ and pro-ANP caused a significant increase in urine volume, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and potassium, and fractional excretion of sodium. These results suggest that the N-terminal fragments of pro-ANP are ineffective, while the C-terminal fragments retain the natriuretic and diuretic activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

Five buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$) showed no significant changes in the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, plasma constituents and renal hemodymics during intravenous infusion of urea for 4 h. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased while the renal urea reabsorption markedly increased during urea infusion. The decrease of fractional potassium excretion was concomitant with the reduction of the rate of urine flow and urine pH. In animals exposed to heat ($40^{\circ}C$) the rectal temperature heart rate and respiratory rate significantly increased while no significant changes in GFR and ERPF were observed. An intravenous infusion of urea in heat exposed animals caused the reduction of the rate of urine flow with no changes in renal urea reabsorption, urine pH and fractional electrolyte excretions. During heat exposure, there were marked increases in concentrations of total plasma protein and plasma creatinine whereas plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration significantly decreased. It is concluded that an increase in renal urea reabsorption during urea infusion in buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature depends on the rate of urine flow which affect by an osmotic diuretic effect of electrolytes. The limitation of renal urea reabsorption in heat stressed animals would be attributed to an increases in either plasma pool size of nitrogenous substance or body metabolism.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2000

This study was performed far investigation of influence on renal function of idazoxan, $\alpha_{2}$-adrenergic antagonist, using the dog. Idazoxan, when giver. into vein, produced the decrease of urine volume(vol) accompanied with the reduction of free water clearance($C_{H2O}$), amounts of sodium excreted in urine($E_{Na}$), with the increase of potassium excreted in urine($E_{K}$), and so ratios of potassium against sodium($K^{+}/Na^{+}$) were elevated, at this time, greatened reabsorption rate of sodium and diministered that of potassium in renal tubules were appeared. Idazoxan administered into a renal artery elicited the augmentation of vol, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), renal plasma flow(RPF) and no change of filtration fraction(FF) in only ipsilateral kidney, whereas $E_{Na},\;E_{K}\;and\;K^{+}/Na^{+}$ were increased and $C_{H2O}$ was decreased in both control and experimental kidney. Idazoxan given into carotid artery showed partial increased vol, remarkable expanded RPF and unchanged GFR, and so filtration fraction(FF) was markedly reduced. Above results suggest that anti- diuretic action of idazoxan given into vein is mediated by reduction of $C_{H2O}\;and\;E_{Na}$, diuretic action only in the ipsilateral kidney by idazoxan given into a renal artery is caused by hemodynamic improvement through expansion of vas afferens in glomeruli.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 1994

Doing CABG in patient with renal transplantation requires special concern to keep and preserve renal function safely during and after operation. We experienced two cases of CABG for treatment of myocardial ischemia. who underwent renal transplantation 2 and 3 years ago respectively. The first patient received single reversed saphenous vein graft at LAD and second one received double saphenous vein graft at LAD and OMI. Peri & postoperative urinary volume and renal function test were comparable with preoperative status in both cases. Although abnormal lipid metabolism due to long term use of immunosuppressive regimen act a causative role in development and progression of coronary artherosclerosis in renal transplantation patient, CABG can be done safely with some precaution including maintenance of adequate mean blood pressure and blood level of immunosupressive regimen during cardiopulmonary bypass.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.145-159
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• 1990

Recently, it has been suggested that the endogenous adenosine may be the mediator for the intercellular communication in the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback control and renin release. Even though two subclasses of adenosine receptors, A1 and A2, have been described, their functional roles are controversial. The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of adenosine receptors in hypertensive rabbit caused by clamping of renal artery. Experiments were done in two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rabbits (2K1GHR) and sham-operated normotensive rabbits. Adenosine, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) were infused into a renal artery. The decreases in urine volume, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and excreted amounts of electrolytes caused by adenosine and CHA were significantly attenuated in 2K1CHR. However, changes in renal function caused by A2 adenosine receptor agonist, NECA, tend to be accentuated in 2K1CHR. These results suggest that the attenuation of renal effect caused by adenosine and A1 adenosine receptor agonist may be due to the modification of adenosine receptor in the kidney in Goldblatt hypertensive rabbits.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.683-693
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• 2001

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of raclopride, a dopamine $D_2$ receptor antagonist, on renal function in dog. Raclopride (70-220$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg), when given intravenously, Produced antidiuresis along with the decrease in free water clearance ( $C_{H_2O}$), urinary excretion of sodium and potassium ( $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$), partially decreased osmolar clearance ( $C_{osm}$) and increased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules ( $R_{Na}$ , $R_{K}$). Raclopride administered into a renal artery did not influence on renal function in small doses (10 and 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg), whereas exhibited the decrease of urine volume (Vol) and $C_{H_2O}$ both in experimental and control kidney in much dose (100$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg), at this time, the decreased rates of both Vol. and $C_{H_2O}$) were more prominent in control kidney rather than that elicited in experimental kidney, and then only via was decreased in control kidney but increased in experimental kidney. Raclopride administered via carotid artery (30-200$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) did not influence at all on renal function. Antidiuretic action induced by raclopride given intravenously was not affected by renal denervation. Raclopride given into carotid artery was little effect on renal function without relation to renal denervation. Above results suggest that raclopride produces antidiuresis by potentiation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) action in blood without increase of ADH secretion in posterior pituitary gland, it is not related to renal nerve function in dogs.ogs.s.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.325-335
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• 1997

Evidence for the existance of at least two subclasses of renal adenosine receptors has been presented. N-6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) is a relatively selective $A_1$ adenosine agonists, whereas 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) acts as a preferential agonist of $A_2$ adenoisne receptor. N6-(L-2-phenylisoproryl)-adenosine (PIA) almost unselectively activates both $A_1\;and\;A_2$ adenosine receptors at micromolar concentrations. During the characterization of adenosine receptor in the kidney, we have discovered a novel phenomenon, that is, an intramuscular administration of CHA for 3 days caused a diuresis and a suppression of urinary concentrating ability. To further characterize this novel phenomenon, an intramuscular administration of adenosine and other adenosine angonists, PIA and NECA, and prior treatment of adenosine antagonists, caffeine, theophylline and 1,3-diethyl-8-phenyl-xanthine (DPX) were performed. Systemic administration of CHA, PIA, and NECA for 3 days caused a suppression in heart rate, blood pressure and general motor activity without change in rectal temperature. Systemic administration of CHA, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day, for 3 days caused a dose-dependent increase in urine volume and decrease in urinary osmolarity and free water reabsorption. This phenomenon was reversible and repeatable. Administration of adenosine (40 mg/kg/day) produced no apparent effect on the renal function, whereas PIA (2 mg/kg/day) produced an similar effect to CHA on the renal function. Systemic adminstration of NECA, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg/day, for 3 days caused a dose-dependent increase in urine volume and dose-dependent increases in excreted amount of creatinine, urinary osmolarity and free water reabsorption. These renal effects of adenosine agonist were maximum at second day during the drug administration. In terms of increase in urine volume and the suppression of urinary concentrating ability, NECA was potent than CHA. Prior treatment of caffeine (50 mg/kg/day) or theophylline (50 mg/kg/day) abolished the diuretic effect of CHA, whereas DPX (50 mg/kg/day) did not affect the CHA effect. CHA, 0.5 mg/kg/day, produced no change in plasma renin activity and plasma levels of aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These results suggest that this novel phenomenon produced by an activation of renal adenosine receptors plays an important role in urinary concentrating mechanism.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Tokoro Rhizoma pharmat $KI_{10}$ in nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were divided into 4 groups and 3 groups(LPS, saline, Tokoro Rhizoma pharmacopuncture(TR-P) group) were injected LPS to induce nephritis. TR-P group was treated with TR at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of TR at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil in blood, creatinine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1(CINC-1) in serum and urinary volume, creatinine in urine, renal myeloperoxidase(MPO) were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : TR-P group significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, creatinine, CINC-1 in serum, creatinine in urine and renal MPO than LPS group. TR-P group increased urinary volume but, not significant. Conclusion : TR at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that TR at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for nephritis in clinical field after further researches.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-27
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• 1970

간경변증(肝硬變症) 환자(患者) 29 례(例)에서 혈장량(血漿量), 심박출량(心搏出量) 및 신혈장류량(腎血漿流量)을 동시(同時)에 측정(測定)하여 혈역학적(血力學的) 변화(變化)를 관찰(觀察)하였으며 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 평균(平均) 혈장량(血漿量)은 $3793{\pm}895ml$로 정상(正常)보다 증가(增加)된 것을 보았고 혈액량(血液量)($5266{\pm}1222ml$) 및 체중(體重) kg당(當) 혈액량(血液量)($95.7{\pm}23.41ml$)도 역시(亦是) 증가(增加)되어 있었다. 체중(體重) kg당(當) 혈장량(血漿量)($69.1{\pm}19.1ml$)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였고 혈액량(血液量)과 혈장량(血漿量)의 차(差), 즉(卽) 적혈구질량(赤血球質量)은 $26.4{\pm}7.05ml$로 정상범위내(正常範圍內)에 있었다. 2. 평균(平均) 심박출량(心搏出量)은 $7708{\pm}2652ml/min$로 증가(增加)되어 있었으며 심계수(心係數)($4924{\pm}1998ml/min/M^2$) 심박동량(心搏動量) ($96.2{\pm}34.2ml/beat$), 심박동계수(心搏動係數)($62.3{\pm}27.34ml/M^2$) 및 분별심계수(分別心係數)($1.54{\pm}0.577$)도 모두 증가(增加)함을 보았다. 전말초저항(全末梢抵抗)은 $1664{\pm}753.8dynes\;sec\;cm^{-5}M^2$로 정상(正常)보다 감소(減少)되어 있었다. 3. 평균(平均) 신혈장류량(腎血漿流量)은 $537{\pm}146.8ml/min/1.73M^2$로 정상(正常) 내지는 감소(減少)된 것을 보였고, 평균(平均) treatinine clearance는 $66.7{\pm}23.0ml/min/1.73M^2$로 현저(顯著)한 저하(低下)를 보았다. filtration fraction은 일정(一定)치 않았으나 대부분(大部分)의 예(例)에서 감소(減少)되었다. 심박출량(心搏出量)의 신분별치(腎分別値)는 상대적(相對的)으로 감소(減少)하여 있었다. 4. 신혈장류량(腎血漿流量)은 전반적(全般的)으로는 정상(正常) 또는 저하(低下)되어 있었으나 creatinine clearance가 $60ml/min/1.73M^2$ 이하(以下)인 군(群)과 치료(治療)에 저항(抵抗)하는 복수군(腹水群) 및 질소혈증(窒素血症)이 있는 예(例)에서 현저(顯著)한 감소(減少)를 보였다. 5. 본실험(本實驗)에서 관찰(觀察)한 사구체(絲球體) 여과율(濾過率)의 감소(減少), filtration fraction의 저하(低下) 및 심박출량(心搏出量)의 신분별치(腎分別値)의 감소등(減少等)은 신장(腎臟)의 수입세동맥저항(輸入細動脈抵抗)의 상승(上昇)을 뒷받침한다. 6. 간경변증(肝硬變症)에서 신순환(腎循環) 장애(障碍)는 질소혈증(窒素血症)이나 핍뇨(乏尿)에 선행(先行)하여 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 7. 임상상(臨床像)이나 간기능(肝機能) 성적(成績)은 이들 혈역학(血力學) 변화(變化)와 상관관계(相關關係)가 없었고 다만 식도(食道) 정맥류(靜脈瘤)가 심박출량(心搏出量)이 증가(增加)된 예(例)에서 관찰(觀察)되었다. 8. 신혈역학(腎血力學) 변화(變化)와 혈장량(血漿量) 혹(或)은 심박출량(心搏出量) 간(間)에도 상관관계(相關關係)는 없었다.