• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2001

Five-month-old a female mongrel puppy weighing 3.5 kg showed no systemic disorder and particular discomfort except abdominal distension at the first visit. On physical examination an irregular abdominal mass was palpated. One month later she was clumsy and uncoordinated. In addition, lethargy and anorexia were appeared. Then she became comatose and died in spite of initial therapy. In radiographic examination enlargement of both sides of kidney was observed. The hematological examination the dog had WBC of 16,250/$\mu$l, RBC of $7.2{\times}10^6$ $\mu$l, PCV of 32%, total protein of 8.0 g/dl, and fibrinogen of 900 mg/dl. In serum chemistry BUN was 87.4 mg/dl and creatinine was 5.1 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed pH of 5.6, SG of 1.009 and protein of 500 mg/dl. In urine sediment test many RBCs, leukocytes, inflammatory cells and a few epithelial cells were observed. On histopathologic examination the size of right and left kidney were 15 cm, 16 cm in length, 6 cm, 6 cm in widths, respectively. Both sides of kidney were filled with brown-orange fluid and had irregular capsular surface. The cysts of various sizes were located throughout the cortex and medulla. No abnormality was found in any other organs. Histologically, cyst was lined by cuboidal to slightly flattened tubular epithelium and surrounded by mature fibrous connective tissue. Glomeruli, tubule and renal pelvis remained normal between cysts and exfoliated epithelial cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

Effects of antioxidants on the established nephropathy were investigated. The experimental nephropathy was induced in rats by intravenous injection of adriamycin (2 mg/kg). Six weeks later, when proteinuria was apparent, the rats were supplemented with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 1 g/kg/day) in drinking water for additional 6 weeks. Glomerulosclerosis score and tubulointerstitial injury index were determined by light microscopy. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) ${\beta}1$ and laminin ${\beta}1$ was determined in the renal cortex by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunogold electron microscopy. The adriamycin-induced proteinuria as well as the glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury was ameliorated by the treatment with NAC. Adriamycin increased the expression of TGF ${\beta}1$ mRNA and protein, which was ameliorated by NAC. Although the expression of laminin ${\beta}1$ mRNA was increased, adriamycin did not significantly alter that of its protein. These results indicate that antioxidants ameliorate the established nephropathy in association with normalization of overexpressed TGF ${\beta}1$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 1987

가토 신피질에서 분리한 brush border membrane (BBM)과 basolateral membrane vesicle (BLM)에서 유기 음이온인 p-aminohippuric acid (PAH)와 유기 양이온인 tetraethylammonium (TEA)의 이동에 대한 동력학적 분석을 하였다. BLM에서 PAH에 대한 Km과 Vmax값은 각각 $0.34{\pm}0.02\;mM$과 $0.22{\pm}0.07\;nmol/mg\;protein/20s$였으며 BBM에서 각 값은 $8.46{\pm}0.57\;mM$과 $4.43{\pm}0.40\;nmol/mg\;protein/20s$였다. BLM에서 용액내 Na의 제거는 PAH에 대한 Km 값에는 영향없이 Vmax 값을 변화시켰다. BBM에서 TEA이동에 대한 Km과 Vmax 값은 각각 $0.55{\pm}0.15\;mM$과 $1.04{\pm}0.23\;nmol/mg\;protein/20s$였으며 BLM에서 각 값은 $0.46{\pm}0.04\;mM$과 $0.61{\pm}0.06\;nmol/mg\;protein/20s$였다. BLM에서 측정한 유기 이온들의 이동에 대한 Km 값이 신절편이나 분리된 tubule에서 보고된 값과 일치함을 보였으며 이러한 결과는 신세뇨관 세포막을 통한 유기 이온들의 이동 특성이 membrane vesicle을 분리하는 과정에서 변하지 않았음을 가르킨다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.47-56
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• 2006

The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Epimedii Herba combined Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJTE) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. SJTE was given to rats with oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and sample group with SJTE administration. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SJTE on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of insulin, glucose, creatinine and BUN. Urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and urine level of glucose measures too. Anti-oxidative stress of STZ administration in living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide in cortex of kidneys. STZ induced increase of serum glucose. creatinine, urine albumin secretion and renal cortical lipid peroxidation were lowered by SJTE administration. In conclusion, the SJTE treatment showed protective effect on rat diabolic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with internal glucose metabolism.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJT) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods: SIT was given to rats through oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group of rats, a control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and a sample group with SIT administration. Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is combined in the original prescription of SIT, but in this experiment, Rehmanniae Radix was combined instead of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat to compare the effects of anti-diabetic nephropathy. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) in the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SIT on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of creatinine and BUN, in addition to urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and the level of glucose found in the urine. Anti-oxidative stress of SIT administration in a living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide and GSH content in the cortex of kidneys. Results: STZ induced an increase of serum creatinine, urine glucose and renal cortical lipid peroxidation was lowered by Rehmanniae Radix Preparat combined SIT administration. Conclusions: The SIT treatment showed a protective effect on the rat diabetic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.369-374
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• 1995

Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) was inoculated intranasally into the Korean native goats to investigate pathological findings and pathogenesis of ADV infection by using of histological and immunohistochemical methods and in situ hybridization(ISH). Clinical signs of salvation, pyrexia, pruritus and staggering were followed by death with five days after inoculation, Pathoanatomical findings were edema of the lung and the urinary bladder with hemorrhage and congestion, petechial hemorrhages on the endo-and epicardium, renal congestion, moderate splenomegaly and cystic edema. Main microsocpic lesions observed in all infected goats were confined to the CNS and charcterized by perivascular cuffing with lymphocytes and macrophages, focal gliosis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the neurons and glial cells. Positive reactions to ADV were detected more frequently in the nuclei than in the cytoplasms of infected nerve cells in the CNS by immunohistochemistry and ISH. Frequenctly localized sites of ADV in the CNS were olfactory bulb, prietal cortex, callosal sulcus and corpus callosum. Positive reactions were also detected in the tonsillar epithelium, and alveolar macrophage and sloughed epithelium of the lung.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2017

A 1-year and 8-month-old male, thoroughbred horse showed fever ($39.8^{\circ}C$), cardiac murmur, tachycardia up to 80 beats/min, anorexia, depression and lameness for about 2 months. The dead horse was referred to pathology laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine in Jeju National University. At necropsy, Severe protruding multiple rough cauliflower-like yellowish red nodules ranged $5{\sim}6{\times}2{\sim}3cm$ in size were attached on the mitral valve of the left heart. A yellowish red long stick-shaped thrombus $15{\times}3.5{\times}1.5cm$ in size was also present inside the right ventricle. Multifocal infarcts were scattered in the myocardium and renal cortex. Histopathologic examination revealed that morphologic diagnosis were vegetative endocarditis, thrombus in right ventricle, infarcts in myocardium and kidney, pulmonary congestion and edema, and splenic congestion. The isolated bacteria from vegetative lesions and thrombus were confirmed as Escherichia (E.) coli based on the bacterial culture and VITEK 2 system. Based on the gross and histopathologic features, and bacterial test, this case was diagnosed as vegetative endocarditis with thrombus formation associated by E. coli in a thoroughbred horse.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 1992

Listeria monocytogenes antigens were detected with the avidinbiotinperoxidase complex(ABPC) method in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from experimentally infected rats, mice and guinea pigs. The anti-Lirteria monocytogenes serum used as first antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a. Rats, mice and guinea pigs that had been given inoculation of L monocytogenes(serotype 4b, Scott A strain) via intraperitoneally allotted to 3 groups. Rats were pretreated with the dexamethasone(DM-rats) for 7 consecutive days, mice and guinea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with L. monocytogenes At necropsy white necrotic foci of the liver, spleen and kidney were seen in mice and DM-rats, whereas not in guinea pigs. Organisms stained by the ABPC method were identified as pleomorphic dark brown staining structures in the livers, spleens and kidneys of mice and DM-rats. They were present in high numbers in center and peripherial regions of necrobiotic and necrotic foci of the liver and spleen as well as in glomerulus of the renal cortex. and liable tool for confirmative diagnosis of these bacterial diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

The present study was aimed to examine whether the expression of renin is associated with that of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were made two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive, to stimulate or to inhibit the endogenous renin-angiotensin system, respectively. The expression of renin and COX-2 mRNA was determined in the cortex of the kidney by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 2K1C hypertensive rats showed an increased expression of renin as well as of COX-2 in the clipped kidney. The expression of renin was decreased in parallel with that of COX-2 in the contralateral non-clipped kidney. Removal of the renal arterial clip reversed the expression of both genes, along with the blood pressure, to the control level. On the other hand, DOCA-salt hypertension was associated with parallel decreases of renin and COX-2 expression. These results indicate that renin and COX-2 genes are coordinately expressed in the kidney.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2011

Purpose: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy causing pediatric renal failure. Since specific treatment targeting the etiology and pathophysiology of primary FSGS is yet elusive, the authors explored the pathophysiology of FSGS by transcriptome analysis of the disease using an animal model. Methods: FGS/kist strain, a mouse model of primary FSGS, and RFM/kist strain, as control and the parent strain of FGS/kist, were used. Kidney tissues were harvested and isolated renal cortex was used to extract mRNA, which was run on AB 1700 mouse microarray chip after reverse transcription to get the transcriptome profile. Results: Sixty two genes were differentially expressed in FGS/kist kidney tissue compared to the control. Those genes were related to cell cycle/cell death, immune reaction, and lipid metabolism/vasculopathy, and the key molecules of their networks were TNF, IL-6/4, IFN${\gamma}$, TP53, and PPAR${\gamma}$. Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal cell death, immune system activation with subsequent fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related early vasculopathy were involved in the pathophysiology of FSGS. In addition, the relevance of methodology used in this study, namely transcriptome profiling, and Korean animal model of FGS/kist was validated. Further study would reveal novel pathophysiology of FSGS for new therapeutic targets.