• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2004

Hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia and the most common pathogen is Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 : H7. Ischemic colitis, which rarely occurs in children, is due to the reduced local blood flow to the intestine, tissue necrosis and secondary bacterial infection. We describe a patient who was admitted with abdominal pain, vomiting and hematochezia, and diagnosed as ischemic colitis by barium enema. This patient showed hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure and was subsequently diagnosed as hemolytic uremic syndrome. After hemodialysis, the patient showed improvement of symptoms and resolution of renal failure and ischemic colitis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 2022

Esophagectomy and esophageal reconstruction are commonly chosen as surgical options for esophageal cancer. However, prolonged untreated chyle leakage is associated with a poor prognosis. We report the case of a patient with refractory chylous ascites. To limit the ongoing fluid loss, we utilized the chylous ascites as an additional fluid source in a renal replacement therapy system. A continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) drainage system was modified to drain both the chylous ascites and venous blood. The ascites drainage rate was determined empirically and regulated by a dial-flow extension set. The CRRT mode was set to continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and maintained for 7 days. After the patient was weaned from CRRT, ascites did not reaccumulate, and the patient's general condition improved dramatically. No infections related to the system occurred. This procedure temporarily alleviates symptoms and provides more time for alternative treatment strategies.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2014

The number of patients with chronic renal failure who require renal replacement therapy is increasing and dialysis is still the mainly used renal replacement therapy. The first choice of surgical technique currently used is side-to-end anastomosis of the radial artery and the cephalic vein. The authors report on a case of an effective arteriovenous shunt operation performed using microscopy. A 53-year-old male with chronic renal failure was referred to plastic and reconstructive surgery department to undergo an arteriovenous shunt operation. Venography was performed before surgery in order to find the appropriate vessel for the arteriovenous shunt operation. The cephalic vein on the wrist showed a diameter of over 4 mm, which was appropriate for an arteriovenous shunt operation. Anastomosis of the vessels was performed under microscopy using Nylon #9-0. Blood flow and vessel diameter were evaluated by venography after surgery and showed well maintained function of the shunt. Complications such as bleeding, edema of the upper arm, and wound dehiscence did not occur. Many factors and certain complications may affect the long-term patency of an arteriovenous shunt; however, exquisite surgical technique is the most important factor in a successful operation. Thus, arteriovenous shunt operation using microscopy is thought to be a good treatment option.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.508-513
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• 2016

To investigate the potential therapeutic effects of polyphenols in treating Pb induced renal dysfunction and intoxication and to explore the detailed underlying mechanisms. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control groups (CT), Pb exposure groups (Pb), Pb plus Polyphenols groups (Pb+PP) and Polyphenols groups (PP). Animals were kept for 60 days and sacrificed for tests of urea, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Histological evaluations were then performed. In vitro studies were performed using primary kidney mesangial cells to reveal detailed mechanisms. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate cell viability. Pb induced cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging were tested by DCFH-DA. Expression level of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-1-${\beta}$ (IL-1-${\beta}$) and IL-6 were assayed by ELISA. Western blot and qPCR were used to measure the expression of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38. Polyphenols have obvious protective effects on Pb induced renal dysfunction and intoxication both in vivo and in vitro. Polyphenols reduced Pb concentration and accumulation in kidney. Polyphenols also protected kidney mesangial cells from Pb induced apoptosis. Polyphenols scavenged Pb induced ROS generation and suppressed ROS-mediated ERK/JNK/p38 pathway. Downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited in consistency. Polyphenol is protective in Pb induced renal intoxication and inflammatory responses. The underlying mechanisms lie on the antioxidant activity and ROS scavenging activity of polyphenols.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 1982

Changes in handling of $Li^+$ by contralateral kidney during acute $Li^+$ loading were investigated immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Carotid artery, jugular vein, renal vein and ureter of experimental animal were catheterized and renal venous flow was shunted to .external jugular vein. In experimental group right ureter was ligated. One to two hours after operation a single shot of LiCl solution (2 mEq/kg) was intravenously injected and then .arterial, renal venous blood and urine samples were taken sequentially for 1 to $1{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours. Urine volume, plasma and urinary concentrations of $Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were measured and urinary excretion of them were calculated. Results obtained were as follows: 1) In experimental group urine volume, urinary excretion of $Na^+$, and $K^+$ by contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction were slightly larger than mean value of both kidney in control group. 2) During acute $Li^+$ loading contralateral kidney in experimental group showed limited $K^+$ excretion, but urinary flow and $Na^+$ excretion were comparable to mean value of both kidney in control group. 3) Urinary osmolar concentration in experimental group was much lower than that in control group, and it was maintained at low level even after Li loading. 4) In experimental group plasma$Li^+$ concentration decreased more slowly than in control group after a single shot of LiCl solution. 5) Urinary excretion of $Li^+$ in experimental group was markedly decreased, even lesseer than mean of both kidney in control group. 6) From the above results it was concluded that immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction contralateral kidney showed normal water and $Na^+$ diuretic response to Li load but urinay $Li^+$ excretion was decreased and reclaimed $Li^+$ to systemic circulation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Pulmonary function is the determinant of blood gas tension. However, Acid-Base disturbances can also alter partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. During respiratory acidosis $PO_2$ will be lowered and reverse changes will be produced during respiratory alkalosis. On the other hand, in metabolic acidosis $PO_2$ will be elevated and $PCO_2$ will be lowered by the respiratory compensation, and reverse response will be induced in metabolic alkalosis. Urinary gas tension has many influencing factors than arterial blood and difficult to estimate the tendency of its alterations. Urinary $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ are not always identical level as venous blood. It is to be altered by blood gas tension, flow rate of urine, metabolic rate of kidney, and Acid-Base status of blood. Particularly countercurrent exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the renal medulla will make larger alteration of gas tension than venous blood. After induction of Acid-Base disturbances [disturbances] arterial and urinary $PCO_2$, $PO_2$, urinary volume, and osmolarity were determined in dogs, and the relationships between arterial and urinary $PCO_2$ , $PO_2$ Acid-Base disturbances, urinary volume, and osmolarity were investigated. 1. During the acute Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances urinary pH did not respond on respiratory origin. However, there were immediate urinary response in pH on metabolic origin. 2. Urinary $PO_2$, $PCO_2$, did not always follow arterial or venous gas tension and Acid-Base disturbance. Urinary $PCO_2$, correlate well with the urinary volume. The larger the urinary volume, $PCO_2$ lowered to the venous level. The smaller the urinary volume, urinary $PCO_2$ tends to be higher. However urinary $PO_2$ did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. 3. Correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ were inversely proportional to arterial blood. Differences of $PCO_2$ between arterial blood and urine also did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. This may suggest that changes on blood gas tensions can influence on urinary $PCO_2$. 4. There were eminent clear inverse correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and osmolar concentrations of urine. Above results strongly suggest that partial pressure of gas in urine primarily depend upon counter-current exchanges in renal medullary tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 1988

Studies were conducted to determine whether reduced renal blood flow (RBF) exhibited by rats with uncontrolled, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is attributable to diabetes-associated, enhanced renal vasoconstrictor influence of endogenous thromboxane $(TX)A_2$. Rats which were injected with STZ after pretreatment with 3-O-methyl glucose (3OMG), an agent which prevents STZ-induced hyperglycemia, were also studied. Basal values of total RBF (RBF; ml $min^{-1}$ $gKw^{-1}$; electromagnetic flow probe), systemic arterial pressure (BP; mm Hg) and renal vascular resistance (RVR;BP $RBF^{-1})$in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats during a control period were $5.9{\pm}0.3$(P<0.1_{VS}. CR), $115{\pm}3$ and $20.3{\pm}1.0$(P<0.1_{VS}. CR) for STZR (n=15), and $8.4{\pm}0.4$, $123{\pm}3$ and $15.1{\pm}0.8$ for age-matched control rats (CR; n= 15), respectively. Basal values of RBF, BP and RVR in 3OMG pretreated STZR were identical to CR. In preparations shown capable of renal vasodilatation, OKY 1581 (1 mg/kg, i.v. followed by 0.4 mg/kg min infusion) abolished arachidonate-induced $(TX)A_2$ synthesis, but did not alter basal BP, RBF or RVR in either STZR or CR (n=4/group). Similarly, i.r.a. infusion of SQ29548 (100 ng/ml RBF) abolished renal vasoconstriction induced by a TX/prostaglandin endoperoxide mimic, U46619, but had no discern able affect on RVR in either STZR (n=8) or CR (n=8). The data indicates that $TXA_2$ does not participate in the elevated basal RVR of STZR which are associated with the diabetic state.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 1982

Complete TGA is a common congenital cardiovacular anomaly, and without palliative or corrective surgery, the infant born with TGA rarely survives the first year of life. Hemodynamically, recirculated blood flow in the systemic and pulmonary circuit has a key role in systemic arterial oxygen saturation and the status of the pulmonary vascular bed. Recently a d-TGA with VSD and PS, in a 12 year old male patient had been tried for inversion of the ventricular flow with Rastelli operation. An intracardiac tunnel was constructed between the VSD and the aortic orifice to connect the ventricle to the aorta. The right ventricle was connected with the pulmonary circulation by anastomosis of an valved conduit between the right ventricle and the distal end of the pulmonary artery. During the postop, period, the irreversible renal failure, accompanied by metabolic acidosis and pulmonary edema, occured under relative stabilized cardiac performance state. The autopsy was done, which revealed diffuse infarcted area in both kidney and preserved intra & extracardiac graft constructed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8947-8950
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• 2014

Immunological functions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) have long been recognized. In this study we aimed to efficiently purify HSP70 from renal cell carcinoma and test it as a tumor antigen for pulsing dendritic cells in vitro. HSP70 was purified from renal cell carcinoma specimens by serial column chromatography on Con A-sepharose, PD-10, ADP-agarose and DEAE-cellulose, and finally subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Dendritic cells derived from the adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and exposed to tumor HSP70. After 24 hours, dendritic cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. T cells obtained from the non-adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then co-cultured with HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells and after 3 days T cell cytotoxicity towards primary cultured renal cell carcinoma cells was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor-derived HSP70 expressed higher levels of CD83, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR maturation markers than those pulsed with tumor cell lysate and comparable to that of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cell lysate plus TNF-${\alpha}$. Concomitantly, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells presented the highest cytotoxic activity. There were no significant differences when using homologous or autologous HSP70 as the tumor antigen. HSP70 can be efficiently purified by chromatography and induces in vitro dendritic cell maturation in the absence of TNF-${\alpha}$. Conspecific HSP70 may effectively be used as a tumor antigen to pulse dendritic cells in vitro.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.480-484
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• 2000

A 10 years old female Poodle weighing 4.38 kg and a 10 years old female Maltese weighing 4.33kg were referred to veterinary leaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk uni-versity because of hematuria and severa anorexia. Preoperative hematological and srum chemical values revealed that counts of WBC were $78.4{\times}10^3$,/TEX>/ul in the Poodle and $21.6{\times}10^3$in the Maltese, concentrations of BUN 105 and 13 mg/dl, concentrations of creatinine 4.0 and 1.4 mg/dl, concentration of ALKP 542 U/L in the Poodle and concentration of ALF 37 U/L in the Maltese, respectively. Radiographic findings were observed radiopaque bilateral nephroliths in the Poodle and right renal cal- culus in the Maltese. Ultrasonographic findings were showed hyperechoic mass with severe acoustic shadowing, which were ]ocated in the center of both kidneys parenchyma in the Poodle and in right kidney in the Maltese. Bisectional nephrotomy in right kidney for removal of calculus, which had ,sin- gle stone and more large than splitted stones in lets kidney in the Poodle, was performed under isnf- lurane anesthesia in 100% $O_2$. The time from temporary occlusion of blood flow to suture of incisioned kidney after removal of renal calculi was elapsed 12 minutes. During operation and until 24hrs after operation was infusioned mannitol and tranexanic acid solution. There were normal urination with yellow color in the Poodle at 3 days after operation and in the Maltese at 1 day and good appetite after 7 days and 1 day after operation. At 7 days and 9 days after operation, hematolgoical and seam chemical values repealed that counts of WBC were $29.8{\times}10^3/u1 in the Poodle and 13.1 {\itmes}10^3$/ul in the Mal- tese, concentrations of BUN 13 and 10 mg/dl. concentrations of creatinine 1.3 and 1.1 mg/dl, con-centrations of ALT 34 and 97U/L, concentraion of AST 10 U/L in the Poodle, respectively, By ultra-sonographic view there was not observed hyperechoic mass and radippaque calculus in operated kid-ney in radiographic view.