• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2010

Melamine is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide which contains 66% nitrogen by mass, but it was sometimes illegally added to food products in order to enhance the apparent protein content for the bigger profit. Many Chinese infants and pet animals fed melamine-containing formulas suffered acute kidney failure with renal crystal formation. Fish feeds were also recently found to be contaminated with melamine. This experiment has been designed to determine whether renal crystals can be experimentally induced in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) fed melamine and cyanuric acid (each at 400 mg/kg/day for 3 days) in combination, and to compare experimentally induced crystals with those from pet animals with triazine related renal failure. The results showed that all fish developed gold brown renal crystals arranged in radial spherulites in the renal tubules, similar to those detected in the pet animals.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.494-501
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• 1998

저자들은 1993년 5월부터 1995년 5월까지 인공심폐기를 사용한 개심술을 받은 211명을 대상으로 후향적 조사를 하였다. 우리는 술후 새로이 발생한 급성 신부전에 초점을 두었기에 술전 creatinine 수치가 1.5 mg/dL이하였던 환자를 다변수 통계를 이용하여 조사하였다. 술전 신기능이 정상이었던 환자는 198명(74%)이었는데 이중 27명(14%)이 술후 신장 합병증을 보였다. 20명(10%)은 신기능 이상상태(1.5$\leq$serum creatinine level < 2.5 mg/dL)였고, 7명(4%)은 급성 신부전(serum creatinine level$\geq$2.5mg/dL) 상태였다. 수술 사망률은 정상에서는 5.8%, 신기능 이상 환자에서는 5%, 급성 신부전 환자에서는 43%였다(p=0.036). 술후 급성 신부전은 심혈관 합병증, 호흡기 합병증과 함께 수술 사망의 독립적인 위험인자로 밝혀졌고, 다변수 분석에서 술후 급성 신부전 발생 위험인자는 고령, 응급수술, 저심박출증 등이었다. 술전 신부전을 보였던 13명에서 정상이었던 환자보다 술후 유병률과 사망률이 높았다. 결론적으로 술전 신기능 이상을 보이지 않았던 환자에서 술후 급성 신부전의 발생률은 낮았으나, 신부전과 동반된 사망률은 여전히 높았다. 그러므로 술전, 술중, 술후 신부전 발생에 영향을 주는 혈류역학 인자들의 세심한 관찰이 요구된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 1992

Acute renal failure is a well known serious complication following open heart surgery and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality rate. From 1984 to 1990, 33 patients who had acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass received renal replacement therapy. PD[Peritonial dialysis] was employed in 11 patients and CAVH[continous arteriovenous hemofiltration] was employed in 22 patients. Their age ranged from 3 months to 64 years[mean 25.5$\pm$7.8 years]. The disease entities included congenital cardiac anomaly in 18, valvular heart disease in 15 and aorta disease in 2 cases. Low cardiac output was thought as a primary cause of ARF except two redo valve cases who showed severe Aemolysis k depressed renal function preoperatively. Mean serum BUN and creatinine level at the onset renal replacement therapy were 65$\pm$8 mg/dl and 3.5$\pm$0.4 mg/dl respectively, declining only after reaching peak level 7&10 days following the onset of therapy. Overall hospital mortality was 72.7%[24/33]; 81%[9/11] in PD group and 68.2% [15/22] in CAVH group respectively. The primary cause of death was low cardiac output & hemodynamic depression in all the cases. The fatal complications included multiorgan failure in 7, disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis in 6, neurologic damage in 4 and mediastinitis in 3 cases. No measurable differences were observed between CAVH and PD group upon consequence of acute renal failure and disease per se. The age at operation, BUN/Cr level at the onset of bypass and highest BUN/Cr level and the consequence of low output status were regarded as important risk factors, determining outcome of ARF and success of renal replacement therapy. Thus, we concluded that althoght the prognosis is largely determined by severity of low cardiac output status and other organ complication, early institution of renal replacement therapy with other intensive supportive measures could improve salvage rate in established ARF patients following CPB.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study was carried out to determine if Glycyrrhizae Radix extract exerts beneficial effect against the ischemia-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. Glycyrrhizae Radix was known to reinforce the function of the spleen and replenish Qi, remove heat and counteract toxicity, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, alleviate spasmodic pain, and to moderate drug actions. It's indications are weakness of the spleen and the stomach marked by lassitude and weakness; cardiac palpitation and shortness of breath; cough with much phlegm: spasmodic pain in the epigastrium, abdomen and limbs: carbuncles and sores. It is often used for reducing the toxic or drastic actions of other drugs. Methods : Antioxidative effect of 3% concentration of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract was measured. Rabbits were treated with Glycyrrhizae Radix extract via i.v., followed by renal ischemia/reperfusion, and the changes of urine volume, serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), fractional Na+ excretion$(FE\;Na^+)\;and\;K^+\;excretion(FE\;K^+)$ in ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure were measured. Results : Renal ischemia/reperfusion caused increase of serum creatinine level, which was accompanied by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate(GFR). The fractional excretion of $Na^+\;and\;K^+$ increased in ischemia-induced animals, which was partially prevented by Glycyrrhizae Radix extract treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Glycyrrhizae Radix extract exerts the protective effect against acute renal failure induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion, and its effect may be attributed to an antioxidant action.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

The present stuby was carried out to determine if Radix Glycyrrhizae extract exerts beneficial effect against the ischemia-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. Radix Glycyrrhizae was known to reinforce the function of the spleen and replenish Qi, remove heat and counteract toxicity, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, alleviate spasmodic pain, and to moderate drug actions. It's indications are weakness of the spleen and the stomach marked by lassitude and weakness; cardiac palpitation and shortness of breath; cough with much phlegm; spasmodic pain in the epigastrium, abdomen and limbs; carbuncles and sores. It is often used for reducing the toxic or drastic actions of other drugs. Rabbits were treated with Radix Glycyrrhizae extract via i.v., followed by renal ischemia/reperfusion. Fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate, lipid peroxidation and light microscopy were done to evaluate the beneficial effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure. Renal ischemia/reperfusion caused increase of fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate increased in ischemia-induced animals, which was partially prevented by Radix Glycyrrhizae extract treatment. Ischemia/reperfusion increased lipid peroxidation, which was prevented by Radix Glycyrrhizae extract administration. And the beneficial effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced kidney injury was shown through the light micrographic observation. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Radix Glycyrrhizae extract exerts the protective effect against acute renal failure induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

This experiments was designed to observe the effect of period and dose of ingestion of grapes on renal failure in dog. After the dogs had been mixed of general feed, raisins from U.S.A and fresh grapes from Chile selling in Korea. We observed the clinical sign, and analyzed the blood and urine using by biochemical test. The experiment was executed by the two following groups. The experiment group 1. derived renal failure by supplying the mixed general feed with fresh grapes and dry grapes 15 g per weight kg, 2 times a day (AM 09, PM 21), the experiment group 2. executed to derive renal failure by supplying the mixed general feed with fresh grapes and dry grapes 40 g per weight kg, 2 times a day. Extraction of blood for analysis was conducted one time a day and clinical test for renal failure was executed by means of a blood analysis, biochemical analysis, urine analysis, excretory urography (E.U) and E.R.D-$screen^{TM}$ urine test (Heska, USA). The results of group 1 were normal ranges (BUN 9.0~22.6 mg/dl, creatinine 0.8~1.2 mg/dl, Ca 9.7~12.3 mg/dl, Pi 2.9~4.6 mg/dl), renal failure was not observed. On the 3rd day in group 2, azotemia was arisen from the increasing BUN 83 mg/dl (7~25 mg/dl), creatinine 2.3 mg/dl (0.5~1.4 mg/dl), when executed urine was tested by E.R.D-$screen^{TM}$ test using in the early kidney disease diagnosis, microalbumine state was high positive, and it showed stale delay by using excretory urography (EU). This study demonstrated that acute renal failure by grapes and raisins dependent on food dose, and specific characters of individual.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 1995

The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin (100 mg/kg, oral) in renal failure rabbits was studied. Renal failure rabbits were induced by the i.v. injection of folate (50,100 and 150 mg/kg). These produced significant increases of serum creatinine concentration $(S_{cr})$ and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Plasma concentration and AUC of norfloxacin significantly increased. Elimination rate constant $(K_{el})$ of norfloxacin significantly decreased, and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ of norfloxacin significantly increased. Correlation between serum creatinine concentration $(S_{cr})$ and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ of norfloxacin, and correlation between BUN and AUC of norfloxacin have linear relationship respectively. These results suggest that adjustment or the dosage regimen of norfloxacin is desirable, and serum creatinine concentration $(S_{cr})$ as well as BUN can be used an index for adjusting the dosage regimen of norfloxacin in renal failure.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.152-157
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• 1986

The pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole were investigated in rabbits with folate-induced renal failure. The blood level, area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) and biological half-life were increased significantly, and the urinary excretion was decreased significantly compared with those of normal rabbits. Correlation of serum creatinine concentration and AUC, biological half-life, and correlation of creatinine clearance and renal clearance have linear relationship respectively. From these results, dosage regimen of sulfamethoxazole is considered to be adjusted for effective and safe therapy in renal failure.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.216-219
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• 1985

The phormacokinetics of acetaminophen were investigated in rabbits with folate-induced renal failure. The blood level, the area under the blood concentraction curve(AUC) and the biological half-life were increased significantly, and the urinary excretion was decreased significantly as compared with those of normal rabbits. Serum creatinine concentration and AUC, creatinine clearance and renal clearance have linear relationship respectively. Dosage regimen of acetaminophen was considered to be adjusted in renal failure.

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1984

To investigate the recorded efficacy in Oriental medical references and effects in clinics, experimental studies were undertaken to estimate 'Palmiwhan' to the diuretic effect in normal rats, rabbits and rats with $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure and hypotensive effects on the nephrogenous hypertension in rabbits with $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure. The results of this study were summarized as follows; Increase in urinary volume, urinary $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ excretions were significantly recognized in normal rats and rabbits. Increase in urinary volume, urinary $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ excretions were significantly shown in rats with 2mg/kg $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure. Although plasma electrolyte and creatinine levels were little affected, plasma urea nitrogen levels were significantly elevated in normal rats and 2mg/kg $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure of rats. Although the blood pressure was not affected in normal rabbits and cats, hypotensive actions due to the diuretic effect were recognized in rabbits $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure.