• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.53-83
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• 1993

A small number of high cost patients usually spend a larger proportion of scarce health resources. Korea is no exception. Under the national health insurance, 12% of the insured persons have consumed approximately half of the national health insurance expenditures. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the high cost patient group, if we would like to reduce them. This study has defined high cost patients as those who have spent one and half million won and over per 6 months. The study reveals that high cost users are those who have a longer length of stays(LOS), 40days of LOS in the 6 months, have multiple admissions, 2 to 3 admissions per 6 months and are the elderly patients. They have spent 814.126won per on the average, and commonly suffered from malignant neoplasms, circulatory diseases, fracture, diabetes mellitus, etc. Unlike the case of western developed countries, early readmissions are not the major causes of high cost spending in Korea. Undoubtedly, a lengthy admission is the main cause of large spending. Health policies should vigorously be explored to respond appropriately. There are evidences that hospital beds are often misused. As the Korean health care system is lacking in a mechanism of patient evaluation under the fee-for-service remuneration system, an idea of progressive patient care needs to be tested. The Goverment should set up health policy to diversify the role of long-term care facilities and encourage people to establish them. Further studies are needed to identify factors influencing large medical bills necessary for formulating the health policy on cost containment.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

Fifteen years after the modernization of traditional markets, commercial facilities and some 1,000 markets across the country contacted arcade operators, there are no specific guidelines on installation standards, exact guidelines for public facilities, and guidelines on law, maintenance and management yet. Therefore, it is necessary to derive a plan that reflects the mindset of the market project and the users as basic planning data for making arcade remodeling of traditional markets more advanced. As a research method, case studies and surveys were conducted and the details are as follows. Through the case study, this study drew suggestions that were available and needed in Korea on the planning plan of arcade space in the developed traditional market and conducted user preference. The survey participants are 150 users of Daegu seomun market. In addition, the survey contents are approached with the concept of remodeling remuneration, so the total number of questions is 47 including 'accessibility', 'comfort', 'openness', 'safety' and 'integrity', which are five elements of the arcade plan. The survey method assessed the importance and satisfaction of each questionnaire on a 5-point scale, and the survey results were compared with technical statistics and means using the SPSS statistics package. The results of user awareness and image survey, in which the installation and remodeling of the ventilation system of the crosshairs are mentioned in the event of fire or in the case of daily ventilation, are important factors in safety. The user-conscious survey, analyzed in 'integrity', indicates that the use of multi-purpose space is required, and that the layout of street stalls and parking and user movements should be integrated. Mac of this study is going to present direction of remodeling plan and behavior analysis by analyzing user preference data for advanced remodeling of arcade in traditional markets.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.41-59
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• 2012

ERP is a new technique of process innovation. It indicates enterprise resource planning whose purpose is an integrated total management of enterprise resources. ERP can be also seen as one of the latest management systems that organically connects by using computers all business processes including marketing, production and delivery and control those processes on a real-time basis. Currently, however, it's not easy for local enterprises to have operators who will be in charge of ERP programs, even if they want to introduce the resource management system. This suggests that it's urgently needed to train such operators through ERP education at school. But in the field of education, actually, the lack of professional ERP instructors and less effective learning programs for industrial applications of ERP are obstacles to bringing up ERP workers who are competent as much as required by enterprises. In ERP, accounting is more important than any others. Accountants are assuming more and more roles in ERP. Thus, there's a rapidly increasing demand for experts in ERP accounting. This study examined previous researches and literature concerning ERP education, identified problems with current ERP education at college and proposed how to solve the problems. This study proposed the ways of improving ERP education at college as follows. First, a prerequisite learning of ERP, that is, educating the principle of accounting should be intensified to make students get a basic theoretical knowledge of ERP enough. Second, lots of different scenarios designed to try ERP programs in business should be created. In association, students should be educated to get a better understanding of incidents or events taken place in those scenarios and apply it to trying ERP for themselves. Third, as mentioned earlier, ERP is a system that integrates all enterprise resources such as marketing, procurement, personnel management, remuneration and production under the framework of accounting. It should be noted that under ERP, business activities are organically connected with accounting modules. More importantly, those modules should be recognized not individually, but as parts comprising a whole flow of accounting. This study has a limitation because it is a literature research that heavily relied on previous studies, publications and reports. This suggests the need to compare the efficiency of ERP education between before and after applying what this study proposed to improve that education. Also, it's needed to determine students' and professors' perceived effectiveness of current ERP education and compare and analyze the difference in that perception between the two groups.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.149-171
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• 2005

In Korea, local autonomy police has been discussed several times since Liberation in terms of expanding the democracy of police, but this suggestion has not been pursued. However under the incumbent government, the local policing system will be fully implements from 2006, and the government says that it aims to introduce 'model management' from October this year. The model of local policing now in force is based on the national police and local police forces organized in parallel within local government autorities (cities, counties and districts). The heads of local autorities have the power to appoint local police. Of these, local authorities can use public servants working for the national police for 'special purposes'. The research questions for this study were to what extent public servants working for the national police in these circumstances can desire local autonomy police, and what factors influenced their decision to desire in local autonomy police. After analyzing the results of a survey of police officers, the study found that public servants working for the national police did not have great expectations of desire in local autonomy police. The factors that influenced the decision to desire in local autonomy police were the hope that remuneration would be good, and the hope that the atmosphere within the police force would become less bureaucratic and more democratic than the current system. The study also found that the hopes that promotions and working conditions would improve and that police would be treated better in society did not influence the decision of public servants working for the national police to desire in local autonomy police.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

Purpose - Although various studies have been conducted on the stress of service employees, there are still lack of studies regarding job stress and job satisfaction of call center workers. Especially there are quite few studies on the job stress according to employment type. This study focused on job stress and job satisfaction for call center employees and the correlation between the two factors and aimed to provide basic materials for seeking for the plans to reduce job stress and improve job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - Frequency, percentage, and mean value were calculated through descriptive statistics in order to find out demographic characteristics, level of job stress, and job satisfaction. Differences in job stress according to employment type were calculated by using one-way ANOVA. Correlation between job stress and job satisfaction were identified through empirical analysis with Pearson's correlation coefficient. 150 materials were used for final analysis. The collected materials were analyzed to get statistics by using SPSS 20. Results - First, as for the job stress of call center workers, overall mean value was 2.54 in 4-point scales. Among the six sub-factors, job demands had the highest score, which was 2.67. Second, as for the job stress according to employment type, others showed higher score than mean value followed by contract job and full-time job in that order, in terms of job insecurity and organizational system. In terms of inappropriate remuneration, contract job showed higher score than mean value followed by others and full-time job. Third, as for the satisfaction with job, the mean value was 2.37 in 4-point scale and "very much satisfied" was only 3.3%. Lastly, in terms of job stress and job satisfaction, all sub-factors except for job demands showed significant correlation. The more job stress increased, the more job satisfaction decreased. Conclusions - First, as a result of analyzing job stress according to the employment type of call center workers, job stress increased more when the employment type was not full-time. Therefore, it was assumed that self-rescue efforts should be followed for effective employment management of call center business where contract employment takes most part as well as efforts to transfer them to full-time job. Second, decrease in job satisfaction of call center workers may affect the performance of an organization as well as service quality of the company providing the service. Therefore, various supports are required to decrease job stress and increase job satisfaction for call center workers through the expansion of rest area or break time. Third, I could recognize that there were lack of academic research on call center business in the whole service industry. Therefore, further research should be conducted more actively in the future. In particular, this study has special significance in the aspect that there were few studies on the job stress of call center workers according to employment type.