• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2007

본 연구는 하 ${\cdot}$ 폐수 중의 유기물뿐만 아니라 질소, 인을 생물학적으로 제거하는 실험을 수행하였다. 공정 내 미생물의 유실을 방지하고 미생물이 고농도 상태로 유지 가능한 부착성장의 한 공법인 RBC에 끈상 나선형 미생물 접촉재를 설치한 반웅기를 이용하였다. 원수는 Glucose 1,800 mg/L, $NH_{4}Cl$ 500 mg/L, $KH_{2}PO_{4}$ 5mg/L를 혼합한 인공폐수를 제조하여 공정에 주입하였고, 그 결과 각각 미생물이 폐수에 적응하는 단계인 Period 1에서는 각 수질 분석 항목의 농도가 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 정상상태라고 판단한 Period 2에서는 최종적으로 유입수에 대한 유출수의 제거율은 각각 $TCOD_{Cr}$ 94%, BOD 87%, T-N 85%, T-P 89%의 결과를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2000

A stream purification system was applied to the upper reaches of the Masan Reservoir to improve the water quality. This system consisted of two channels which were constructed on both sides of the stream, one side packed with crushed gravels and the other with plastic filter media. The system operated under low pollutant concentrations and high hydraulic loadings during a dry season to avoid clogging of the filter media. Removal rate and efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the channel packed with crushed gravel were $14.8g/m^3/d$ and 11.5%, and for the channel with plastic filter media, $50.1g/m^3/d$ and 13.5%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of total phosphorus (T-P) were 6.6% (gravel) and 10.0% (plastic media). These results indicated plastic filter media having relatively high specific surface areas were more efficient than crushed gravels in removing pollutants. However, due to low influent water quality during dry season, the removal efficiencies were low. The proportion of nitrate nitrogen to total nitrogen (T-N) of the inflow was high but, as the system operated under aerobic condition, nitrate nitrogen could not denitrified. Accordingly, total nitrogen was not attenuated with this system. To improve the reservoir water quality effectively, this system should be able to treat the storm runoff containing higher pollutant loadings. When the filter materials are clogged by the storm runoff instead of backwashing, it would be more efficient to replace them, Therefore, the use of natural materials which are light, easily obtaining and replaceable, and have high specific surface areas is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

In this year, Koreans have a shortage in agricultural and drinking water due to severe algal blooms generated in major lakes. Waste oyster shells were obtained from temporary storage near the workplace at which oysters were separated from their shells. Heating ($1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in air) was employed to convert raw oyster shell powders into calcium oxide powders that reacted efficiently with phosphorus and nitrogen to remove algal blooms from eutrophicated wastewater. As the dispersed amount of heated oyster shell powders was increased, water clarity and visual light penetration were improved. Coagulation, precipitation and carbonation process of the heated oyster shell powders in a water purifier facilitated removal of eutrophication nutrient such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which is both beneficial and economically viable. $CO_2$ implantation by carbonation treatment not only produced thermodynamically stable CaO in oyster shells to derive precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) but also accelerated algal removal by activation of coagulation and precipitation process. The use of oyster shell powders led to a mean reduction of 97% in total phosphate (T-P), a mean reduction of 91% in total nitrogen (T-N) and a maximum reduction of 51% in chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared with the total pollutant load of raw algal solution. Remarkable water quality improvement of algal removal by heated oyster shell powders and PCC carbonation treatment will allow utilization as water resources to agricultural or industrial use.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2000

In general, livestock wastewater consists of many pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbonic compounds and inorganic substances. Most carbonic and organic compounds are sufficiently removed by conventional secondary processes, but nitrogen, phosphorus and soluble inorganic compounds are little removed by traditional clarification process. These remained substances in wastewater, for instances, phosphorus and nitrogen are efficiently eliminated by advanced wastewater treatment or botanical removing process. Concentrations of $BOD_s$, SS, T-N and T-P in influent livestock wastewater used in this study were 126mg/l, 115mg/l, 45mg/l and 13mg/l, respectively. The hydraulic retention time(HRT) of wastewater was about 10 days in the pond packed with aquatic plants. A water-hyacinth and a water-dropwort were used as an experimental stuff plant. The removal ratios of nitrogen was 44.3% for the water-hyacinth and 40.2% for the water-dropwort. The removal efficiency of phosphorus in experimental ponds reached by 57.9% for the water-hyacinth and 58.5% for the water-dropwort for 10 days, respectively. Removal ratios of BODs and SS of livestock wastewater for 10 days were reached by 80.1%, 91.0% for he water-hyacinth, respectively. At the same condition, the removal ratios of BODs and SS were reached by 75.0%, 87.6% for the water-dropwort, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2017

The use of aluminum-based coagulants in water pretreatment is being carefully considered because aluminum exposure is a risk factor for the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lightly burned-dolomite kiln dust (LB-DKD) was evaluated as an alternative coagulant because it contains high levels of the healthful minerals calcium and magnesium. An organic pore forming agent (OPFA) was incorporated to prepare porous granules after OPFA removal through a thermal decomposition process. A spray drying method was used to produce uniform and reproducible spherical granules with low density, since fine dolomite particles have irregular agglomeration behavior in the hydration reaction. The use of fine dolomite powder and different porosity granules led to a visible color change in raw algae (RA) containing water, from dark green to transparent colorlessness. Also, dolomite powders and granules exhibited a mean removal efficiency of 48.3% in total nitrogen (T-N), a gradual increase in the removal efficiency of total phosphorus (T-P) as granule porosity increased. We demonstrate that porous dolomite granules can improve the settling time and water quality in summer seasons for the emergent treatment of excessive algal blooms in eutrophic water.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 1998

Cop protein has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli using a T7 RNA polymerase system. Purification to apparent homogeneity was achieved by the sequential chromatography on ion exchange, affinity chromatography, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography system. The molecular weight of the purified Cop was estimated as 6.1 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). But the molecular mass of the native state Cop was shown to be 19 kDa by an analytical high performance size exclusion chromatography, suggesting a trimer-like structure in 50 mM Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.5) containing 100 mM NaCl. Cop protein Was calculated to contain $39.1% {\alpha}-helix, 16.8% {\beta}-sheet$, 17.4% turn, and 26.8% random structure. The DNA binding property of Cop protein expressed in E. coli Was preserved during the expression and purification process. The isoelectric point of Cop was determined to be 9.0. The results of amino acid composition analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of Cop showed that it has the same amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence as those deduced from its DNA sequence analysis, except for the partial removal of N-terminal methionine residue by methionyl-aminopeptidase in E. coli.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.590-594
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• 2005

In this study, the wastewater treatment was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of total nitrogen from synthetic wastewater in the F-STEP PROCESS $(anaerobic{\rightarrow}\;oxic\;{\rightarrow}\;anoxic)$ with loess ball as support metrics. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were $83.0\%\;and\;84.4\%$, respectively. The average nitrification efficiency at the oxic area was $60.9\%$ in the pH range of effluent water between 4.8 and 6.0. On the other hand, in the case of pH range of effluent water between 6.5 and 7.5, the denitrification efficiency at the anoxic area was $96.3\%$. The average concentration of COD was 12.8 ppm and the removal efficiency of COD in the F-STEP PROCESS were $96.3\%$. In the case of SS, the average concentration was $7.0\%$ at the effluent.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1995

An efficient Treatment of animal wastewater is one of the hot issues for preventing the environmental pollution. It should be established the design parameter in order to purify the animal wastewater. A test is carried on in the pilot plant as a simplified activated sludge process. A vibration sieve separator is deviced to keep the pollution load constant by means of separation of solid matter. The BOD removal efficiency of the vibration sieve showed over 50%. As the test results, the BOD contents of the influent was in average of 3,000 mg/I and that of the effluent 85 mg/I. So, the BOD removal rate showed 97% in average. The SS-contents in the primary chamber was about 3,300 mg/I and that of effluent 92 mg/I. The SS removal efficiency showed 97%. The removal rate of total nitrogen and phosphore were in average of 82% respectively. Carrying out in winter season, it showed relatively good results; The design parameter approved in this test can be applied to the full-time farmers.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2017

Protected area of water for supply source is located mostly of rural area in Korea. Normally, sewage treatment system is poor to manage in rural, because low population and density. Rural area need sewage treatment system to supervise supply source of water. In this study, analysis on operation result of 4 RCSTP and MWTP is located at the rural area. Higher concentration of pollutant were inflows to MWTP than RCSTP, and effluent quality standard is satisfaction. However, RCSTP effluent pollutant concentrations was researched higher than MWTP. The organic matter(BOD, COD) were about 5% of a high treatment efficiency to a median. The nutrient(T-N, T-P) were detected Up to high 30%. Also, we analyzed to effect reactor operational parameters on the pollutant treatment efficiency like mixed liquer suspended solid(MLSS), dissolved oxygen(DO) and sludge retention time(SRT). As a result, pollutant treatment efficiency showed fluctuation in accordance with operating condition. Thus, it is necessary to manage the reactor operation condition for management of rural area sewage treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.170-174
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• 1997

Constructed wetland system was studied to treat wastewater from industrial complex in rural area. Pilot plant at the Baeksuk Nongkong Danzi in Chunahn-City was used for field study. For the DO, the effluent concentration was higher than the influent concentration and it implies that natural reaeration supplies enough oxygen to the system. For the SS, the effluent concentration was consistently lower than the water quality standard even though the influent concentration varied significantly, which showed that SS was removed by the system effectively which is consist of soil and plants. For the BOD and COD, the average removal rate of them were 56% and 43%, respectively, therefore, the effluent concentration could not meet water quality standards when influent concentration was high. The removal rate of BOD and COD can be improved by supplemental treatment in addition to this system if necessary. For the T-N and T-P, the influent concentration of them were lower than the water quality standards than no further treatment was needed. Overall, the result showed that constructed wetland system is a feasible alternative for the treatment of wastewater from industrial complex in rural area. For actual application of this system, further study on design factors including loading rate, removal mechanism, and temperature effects is required to meet water quality standard consistently. Compared to existing systems, this system is quite competitive because it requires low capital cost, almost no energy and maintenance, and therefore, very cost effective.