• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.663-679
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• 2021

To elucidate the differences in the collapse behavior between a single-story beam-column assembly and multi-story frame, two 1/3-scale two-bay composite frames, including a single-story composite beam-column assembly and a three-story composite sub-frame, were designed and quasi-statically tested. The load-displacement responses, failure modes, and internal force development of the two frames were analyzed and compared in detail. Furthermore, the resistance mechanisms of the two specimens were explored, and the respective contributions of different load-resisting mechanisms to the total resistances were quantitatively separated to gain deeper insights. The experimental tests indicated that Vierendeel action was present in the two-dimensional multi-story frames, which led to an uneven internal force distribution among the three stories. The collapse resistance of TSDWA-3S in the flexural stage was not significantly increased by the structural redundancy provided by the additional story, as compared to that of TSDWA-1S. Although the development of the load response was similar in the two specimens at flexural stage, the collapse mechanisms of the multi-story composite frame were much more complicated than those of the single-story beam-column assembly, and the combined action between stories was critical in determining the internal force redistribution and rebalancing of the remaining structure.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

다양한 토지이용에서 발생된 영양염류는 수계 유입시 부영양화를 유발하며, 녹조발생의 원인물질이 되기에 비점오염원으로부터 영양염류를 저감하기 위한 LID 기법의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구는 영양물질의 저감효율을 높이기 위한 하이브리드 인공습지(HCW)의 설계인자를 도출하고자 수행되었다. 하이브리드 인공습지는 공주대학교 천안캠퍼스내 100% 불투수층으로 이루어진 주차장 및 도로의 강우유출수 처리를 위하여 2010년에 조성되었으며, 현재까지 모니터링이 수행 중이다. 하이브리드 인공습지의 조성 이후 현재까지 수행 중인 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 산정한 TN의 평균 제거효율은 74%였으며, TP의 평균 제거효율은 72%로 나타났다. 이러한 TN 및 TP 제거효율은 일반적인 인공습지에 비하여 높은 제거효율이며 자유수면 습지 및 지표하 흐름습지에서의 활성화된 물리적 및 생태학적 기작에 기인한다. 하이브리드 인공습지의 효율적 영양물질 저감을 위한 중요설계인자는 유역면적 대비 시설면적의 비(SA/CA), 강우유출량, 강우강도 등으로 나타났으며, 영양물질 제거를 위한 최적 유입수의 C/N 비는 5:1에서 10.3:1로 산정되었다. 본 연구 결과는 도시지역의 강우유출수 내 영양염류를 고효율로 처리하고자 하는 하이브리드 인공습지의 효율적 설계에 사용 가능하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2017

수중에서 중금속은 흡착제에 의한 표면흡착과 금속수산화물로의 침전/제거반응이 동시에 일어나기 때문에 이들 각각에 의한 중금속 제거기작은 명확하게 구분되어 설명되지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 중금속 제거기작을 보다 명확하게 이해하기 위해 $850^{\circ}C$로 소성된 황토를 이용하여 다양한 pH 조건에서 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, 그리고 Cr 수용액 각각을 대상으로 회분식실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 Cr을 제외한 중금속 농도는 반응초기에(<5분) 급격하게 감소되어 초기농도 대비 약 90%가 제거되었다. 한편, pH는 대상 금속 수용액에 따라 정도의 차이를 보이긴 하나 전체적으로 반응시간에 따라 지속적으로 증가되어 7.0-9.0까지 증가되었다. 반응시간에 따라 증가되는 pH 값과 높은 pH 조건에서 상대적으로 높은 중금속 제거율은 금속수산화물의 침전과 관련 있어 보인다. 흡착제(상용활성탄, 비소성황토, 소성황토)별 반응시간에 따른 pH 변화에 대한 비교실험결과, pH 증가현상은 소성황토에서만 두드러지게 나타나 소성과정에서 황토의 물성특성이 변화되었던 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 소성황토에 의한 중금속 제거는 흡착제에 의한 단순흡착뿐 아니라, 높은 pH 조건에서 금속수산화물을 형성함으로써 흡착질 표면에 침전 제어 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

This study is focused on manganese (Mn(II)) removal by potassium permanganate ($KMnO_4$) in surface water. The effects of bicarbonate on Mn(II) indicated that bicarbonate could remove Mn(II), but it was not effectively. When 0.5 mg/L of Mn(II) was dissolved in tap water, the addition of $KMnO_4$ as much as $KMnO_4$ to Mn(II) ratio is 0.67 satisfied the drinking water regulation for Mn (i.e. 0.05 mg/L), and the main mechanism was oxidation. On the other hand, when the same Mn(II) concentration was dissolved in surface water, the addition of $KMnO_4$, which was the molar ratio of $KMnO_4/Mn(II)$ ranged 0.67 to 0.84 was needed for the regulation satisfaction, and the dominant mechanisms were both oxidation and adsorption. Unlike Mn(II) in tap water, the increasing the reaction time increased Mn(II) removal when $KMnO_4$ was overdosed. Finally, the optimum conditions for the removals of 0.5 - 2.0 mg/L Mn(II) in surface water were both $KMnO_4$ to Mn(II) ratio is 0.67 - 0.84 and the reaction time of 15 min. This indicated that the addition of $KMnO_4$ was the one of convenient and effective methods to remove Mn(II).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2009

In this study, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) from synthetic wastewater were performed to evaluate dissolved oxygen(DO) effects on chemical oxygen demand(COD) and nitrogen removal in a single membarne bio-reactor(MBR). DO levels in MBR at Run 1, 2, and 3 were 1.9~2.2, 1.3~1.6, and 0.7~1.0 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results indicated that DO had an important factor to affect COD and total nitrogen(TN) removal. SND were able to be accomplished in the continuous-aeration MBR by controlling ambient DO concentration. It is postulated that, because of the oxygen diffusion limitation, an anoxic micro-zone was formed inside the flocs where the denitrification might occur. From the results of this study, 96% of COD could be removed at DO of 0.7mg/L. At run 2 72.92% of nitrogen was removed by the mechanisms of SND (7.75mg-TN/L in effluent). In this study, SND was successfully occurred in a MBR due to high MLSS that could help to form anoxic zone inside microbial floc at bulk DO concentrations of 1.3~1.6mg/L.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 수용액상의 비소를 산화 및 흡착기작을 이용하여 제거하기 위해서 철과 망간 산화물로 코팅된 입자 활성탄 (FMOCG)을 제조하고, 이의 표면특성 및 회분식 실험을 통하여 비소제거 특성을 규명하였다. 회분식 실험에서는 네 가지 코팅매질의 비소 산화 및 흡착 동역학, pH 영향, 등온흡착실험을 실시하였다. 코팅매질의 철과 망간 함량은 FMOCG-1(178.12 Fe mg/g, 11.25 Mn mg/g)가 비교적 많은 것으로 나타났다. 비소흡착 동역학을 통하여 As(III)의 경우 산화 및 흡착을 통하여 제거됨을 확인하였다. pH 영향실험 결과 pH가 낮을수록 비소의 제거율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 등온흡착실험 결과는 Langmuir isotherm에 잘 적용되었으며 As(III)보다 As(V)의 흡착량이 약간 높았으며, 최대 흡착량은 1.38~8.44 mg As(III)/g과 2.91~9.63 mg As(V)/g이었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2001

Objective : The authors present three cases of brain tumors in which epidural hematomas(EDHs) were developed postoperatively in the remote areas from craniotomy sites. The preventive tactics as well as possible mechanisms of development of remote EDH are discussed. Material and Methods : The magnetic resonance imagings of three patients revealed a left lateral ventricular mass located just aside of foramen Monro in a 27-year-old male, a large cystic mass in the temporal lobe in a 35-year-old male, and a partially calcified pineal mass in a 27-year-old male patient. The surgical removals of these tumors were performed without any noticeable events during surgery via left frontal transcortical transventricular approach for lateral ventricular tumor, left temporal craniotomy for cystic temporal tumor, and right occipital transtentorial approach for pineal tumor. Results : Postoperative EDHs remote from the sites of craniotomy were detected by the immediate postoperative computerized tomographic scans. We obtained good outcomes without any morbidity in all three patients with emergent evacuation of the hematoma. The pathologic diagnoses were lateral ventricular ependymoastrocytoma, temporal craniopharyngioma and mixed germinoma of the pineal region. Conclusion : It is postulated that a sudden reduction of intracranial pressure(ICP) at the time of tumor removal may strip the dura from the inner table of the skull to cause EDH from the remote site of craniotomy. Gradual reduction of ICP with slow drainage of cerebrospinal fluid before tumor removal as well as lowering the head position of patient during surgery might be helpful for preventing this unusual complication.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to describe the mechanisms and prevention of initial degradation in turbidity of the sand filter effluent. The method used was by adding a coagulant (PAC) to the sand filter after backwashing as a means of reducing turbidity. It was found that adding 80 mg/L of PAC solution to the sand filter was very effective in improving the initial effluent turbidity. A turbidity removal efficiency of 99 % was observed in the initial term period as compared to a 70% efficiency without PAC addition. The PAC solution added to the sand filter resulted in high aluminum concentration at the upper layer as compared with the bottom layer of the sand filter column. A change in the zeta potential to a strong positive-ions at upper layer was observed at this time but only a small change was obtained at the bottom. This result showed that the zeta potential of the sand was changed to positive with PAC coating. The effect of pH on zeta potential with PAC addition was also investigated. Zeta potential was greatly changed to positive-ion at pH 4~6. A series of experiments was then conducted in this study to optimize the pH of the PAC solution to be added to the sand filter after backwashing. The removal efficiency of turbidity was found to be highest at pH 5. This result suggested that hydrolyzed aluminium species attached to the surface of the sand enhanced the removal of turbidity of the effluent.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2008

Rapid increase of integrity for recent semiconductor industry highly demands the development of removal technology of contaminated particles in the scale of a few microns or even smaller. It is known that the surface cleaning technology using $CO_2$ snow has its own merits of high efficiency. However, the detailed removal mechanism of particles using this technology is not yet fully understood due to the lack of sophisticated research endeavors. The detachment mechanism of particles from the substrates is known to be belonged in four types; rebounding, sliding, rolling and lifting. In this study, a modeling effort is performed to explain the detachment mechanism of a contaminant particle due to the rebounding caused by the vertical collision of the $CO_2$ snow. The Hertz and Johnson-Kendall-Roberts(JKR) theories are employed to describe the contact, adhesion and deformation mechanisms of the particles on a substrate. Numerical simulations are followed for several representative cases, which provide the perspective views on the dynamic characteristics of the particles as functions of the material properties and the initial inter-particle collision velocity.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.325-325
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• 2020

Low impact development (LID) is a widely used technology that aims to reduce the peak flow volume and amount of pollutants in stormwater runoff while introducing physicochemical, biological or a combination of both mechanisms in order to improve water quality. This research aimed to determine the effect of hydrologic factors in removing the pollutants on stormwater runoff by an LID facility. Monitored storm events from 2010-2018 were analysed to evaluate the hydraulic and hydrological performance of a small constructed wetland (SCW). Standard methods for the examination water and wastewater were employed to assess the water quality of the collected samples (APHA et al, 1992). Primary hydrologic data were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The recorded average rainfall intensity and antecedent dry days (ADD) of SCW were 5.26 mm/hr and 7 days respectively. During the highest rainfall event (27 mm/hr), the removal efficiency of SCW for all the pollutants was ranging from 67% to 91%. While on the lowest rainfall event (0.7 mm/hr), the removal efficiency was ranging from -36% to 62%. Rainfall intensity has a significant effect to the removal efficiencies of each facility due to its dilution factor. In addition to that, there was no significant correlation of ADD to the mean concentrations of pollutants. Generally, stormwater runoff contains significant amount of pollutants that can cause harmful effects to the environment if not treated. Also, the component of this LID facility such as pre-treatment zone, media filters and vegetation contributed to the effectivity of the LID facilities in reducing the amounts of pollutants present in stormwater runof.