• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.14.4-15
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• 1983

The laryngeal carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor in the E.N.T. field. In the surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma, in 1873, Billroth performed the first total laryngectomy, and in 1863, H. B. Sands performed the first partial laryngectomy. Recently general advances (antibiotic therapy, blood trasfusion, and safer anesthesia) result in the improvement of postoperative prognosis. Because the laryngeal lymphatic system has the characteristic compartmentation, this serves the anatomic basis for performing the partial laryngectomy. Although the indications of partial laryngectomy are different from that of total laryngectomy, the partial laryngectomy has the advantage of not only removal of all malignant disease, but also maximum preservation of respiratory, phonatory, and sphincteric function of the larynx. In the latest, surgical treatment decreased the frequency of recurrence, and also increased the 5 year survival rate with combination of the chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The authors have experienced 8 cases of partial laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma at the department of otolaryngology, Korea University Hospital from 1980 to 1982. Among the total 8 cases, 2 cases were involved only in the epiglottis, 2 cases in the anterior 1/3 of both vocal cords with ant. comissure, 2 cases in the middle 1/3 of Lt. vocal cord, 1 case in the anterior 1/3 of Rt. vocal cord with ant. comissure, and another 1 case in the Rt. ventrical. So authors report these cases with review of the literature.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.475-480
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• 2005

Lab scale experimental study was carried out for SBR process, to investigate the effects of influent ship sewage organic compound removal and Bacillus sp. state on design parameters. This process was able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter efficiently. More than $92.0\%$ of chemical oxygen demand(COD) were removed. In addition, about $84.0\%$ of total nitrogen (T-N) was reduced. The total phosphorus(T-P) reduction averaged $93\%$. The performance load of SBR process was shown to be $0.095kg{\cdot}TOC/m3{\cdot}day$. The pH was decreased from 8.1 to 7.0 within 30 min and increased to 7.3 at the end of anoxic stage, and these phenomena were explained. The sludge produced in the SBR process is characterized by low generation rate (about $0.36kg{\cdot}MLSS/kg{\cdot}TOC$) and excellent settleability. The number of Bacillus sp. in the SBR was $24.2\%$, indicating that Bacillus sp. was a predominant species in the reactor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the seasonal variation in semen characteristics and the change of motility during semen frozen/thawed, and conception rates were observed following AI at the different times after estrus synchronization. Semen collected from March to May showed significantly lower semen quality than the other months (P<0.05) and semen characteristics (volume, total sperm and motility) were significantly higher in October. Sperm motility after thawing in frozen semen were significantly lower in non-breeding season than in breeding season (P<0.05). Conception rate after treatment of estrus synchronization and AI different time after CIDR device removal, at 60 hour was higher than those of any other times through AI but there was no significantly difference between AI times. Semen characteristics change gradually during the breeding and non-breeding season. These results were considered as a model for the use of assisted reproductive techniques for AI of deer in Korea.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 1996

Colloidal calcium wrbonate(diametcr 0.02-0 09 m~wja s developed to maintain the mamenl of pnriide formatio~>w ~lhoutsurlace trealment. The control factors of particle size and optimum condiliuna for compound fam*tition has not bccn studiedyet. This shldy war aimed at developing a method fur compounding colloidal calcium carbonfcte to cnl~hol cubic calciumcarbonate, and then compounding the b-o types oI precipitated calcium wrbonatc under optimum wndilrans Calc~umhydroxide was calcinated at 1, lWC far two hours, md then hydrated for 30 minutes at t i i O rprn and ambiznt temperahlle.Two-liter suspension was subjected to the contact with carbon dioxide at l5"C, 600 ipxn and C0= injection in the rate of 1 Umin Two types of dcium carbonate(cuhic calcium carbonatc(0 24.9 pm) md collnidd calcium mhnnate (0.02-0 09 pm))were compounded by "wing the concentrations of calcium oxide and ihe suspension were compounded. It was found that theoptimum concentrations of each suspensions were 5 wt % and 2.5 \I*.% respectively. ' h c key control factor af thc parlicle slzcdislribution was the concenkation al the suspension. The size of compounded particles was measured by a Zcla S k r 'fieaverage particle size of the cubic calcium carbonate aas 223.4 nm(0.223 pm), and that of thc colloidal a~lciumc arbonate was93.6 nm (0.093 km). Ihe particle sizc was evenly cantlolled on a stdblc basis in an H, O reaction system.asis in an H, O reaction system.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2004

A cold mix asphalt (CMA) treatment process was proposed as a tool to recycle soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Experimental studies were conducted to characterize performances of the CMA process in treating soils contaminated with diesel or diesel compounds. From the screening experiments, it was found that performances of five types of asphalt emulsions that contained a cationic or an anionic or a nonionic surfactant were not substantially different. In consideration of higher affinity for soils and higher sorption coefficients obtained, an emulsion containing Lauryl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (LDBAC) was selected as a promising asphalt emulsion for treating diesel-contaminated soils. When the asphalt emulsion LDBAC was applied to treat three compounds that originated from diesel, the removal efficiencies obtained in the order of decreasing efficiencies were as follows: docosane > pentadecane > undecane. Leaching experiments on the specimen formulated by the emulsion LDBAC found that the selected treatment method could treat soils with diesel concentrations as high as 10,000 mg/kg. Leaching of the diesel from the specimen was controlled by diffusion for the first four days and then leaching rate diminished substantially. The latter behavior was characterized as depletion, which represents that the contaminant released amounts to more than $50\%$ of the total amount of the contaminant that can be leached. The amounts of three diesel compounds leached from the specimen in the order of decreasing amount were undecane, pentadecane, and docosane. The curing of the soil contaminated with pentadecane was relatively slow.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2015

In this study, partially fluorinated cation exchange membranes were prepared by direct sulfonation of Poly(VDF-co-hexafluoropropylene) copolymers (PVDF-co-HFP) followed by a casting method for application in the Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). The structure of sulfonated PVDF-co-HFP (SPVDF) was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and $^1H$ Nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR) analysis. For quantitative analysis of the chemical composition, the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used. The membrane properties such as water uptake, ion exchange capacity and electrical resistance were measured. It was suggested that the optimum direct sulfonation condition of PVDF-co-HFP ion exchange membranes was $60^{\circ}C$ and 7 hours for temperature and duration of sulfonation, respectively. The water uptake of the SPVDF ion exchange membrane was 21.5%. The ion exchange capacity and electrical resistance were 0.89 meq/g and $3.70{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, respectively. It was investigated that if it is feasible to apply these membranes in MCDI at various cell potentials (0.9~1.5 V) and initial flow rates (10~40 mL/min). In the MCDI process, the maximum salt removal rate was 62.5% in repeated absorption-desorption cycles.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.8 s.157
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• pp.675-689
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• 2005

In this paper, it was analyzed the variation of hydraulic characteristics through changing discharge at main channel and lateral channel and state of hydraulic structure at the natural channel junction by experiment. The experimental area is chosen at the channel junction of Nam-Han river and Pyeongchang river. The scale of the experiment is 1/200 in horizontal, and 1/66.7 in vortical, so the distoration rate is 3. From the experiment, the reduction effect of the water level is $12\%$ in the case of removing intank dam, and $5\%$ at the hydro-electronic dam removing case. Furthermore, in the case of two hydraulic structures removing, the reduction effect of water level is $18\%$ at the channel junction. Also, the stagnation zone, which is cased diminution of the channel at the junction, is decreasing through removing the structures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 2007

Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms occurring in female dogs. The treatments of mammary gland tumors are surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiational therapy, but surgical removal remains widely accepted treatment option for mammary gland tumors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of dogs which are performed surgical excision. Medical records were reviewed for dogs(79 cases) with mammary gland tumors treated surgically at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Seoul National University from 2001 to 2005. While 49 cases(62.0%) were benign, 30 cases(38.0%) were malignant tumors. The mean age of these dogs was 10.4 years old(range $1{\sim}16$ years). The maximal diameter of malignant tumors were various, whereas most of the benign tumors were smaller than 3cm(36 cases, 73.5%). In 12 cases(15.2%), regional lymph nodes were enlarged and lymph nodes of 3 cases had resected surgically. The performed techniques were total mastectomy, regional mastectomy, simple mastectomy, lumpectomy and unilateral mastectomy in order. Twenty-eight cases(35.4%) had postoperative complications consisted of recurrence of tumors, necrosis, dehiscence, delayed healing and edema of limbs. The recurrence rates of benign and malignant mammary gland tumors were 8 cases(16.3%) and 6 cases(20.0%). Metastasis rate was 7 cases(8.9%). Although postoperative complications were no remarkable difference in recurrence rates among surgical techniques in this study, other complications such as edema of limbs, necrosis, dehiscence and delayed healing were remarkable difference as surgical techniques. Therefore, this result suggest that choice of appropriate surgical techniques should be determined according to each patient's physical status and characteristics of tumors.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

The object of this study is to review the current states of the characteristics and strategies to control annual bluegrass to apply information to the circumstance of South Korea. Annual bluegrass is one of the most widespread turfgrass species which has great ability to produce seedhead and shoot growth. It also has ability to tolerate low mowing height and to form uniformity of turfgrass when it is established. Annual bluegrass is well-known as weak turfgrass for high and low temperature. High rate of nitrogen and phosphorus improves growth of annual bluegrass. To control annual bluegrass, deep and infrequent irrigation is more effective than light and frequent irrigation. Clipping removal is more effective than clipping return to control annual bluegrass. Prodiamine, bensulide, and dithiopyr are applied as pre-emergence herbicide, and ethofumesate and bisbyribac-sodium are used as post-emergence herbicide. Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol are used as plant growth regulator. Trinexapac which is one of the most popular plant growth regulators (PGRs) in South Korea is not proper to control annual bluegrass because it accelerates improve growth of annual bluegrass in summer. Although chemical control is mainly used in South Korea, combination of cultural and chemical control may be the strategy to maximize effectiveness to control annual bluegrass.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2008

$N_2$ doped $TiO_2$ nano-sized powder was prepared using a DC arc plasma jet and investigated with XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, and photo-catalytic decomposition. Recently the research interest about the nano-sized $TiO_2$ powder has been increased to improve its photo-catalytic activity for the removal of environmental pollutants. Nitrogen gas, reacting gas, and titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$) were used as the raw materials and injected into the plasma reactor to synthesize the $N_2$ doped $TiO_2$ power. The particle size and XRD peaks of the synthesized powder were analyzed as a function of the flow rate of the nitrogen gas. Also, the characteristics of the photo-catalytic decomposition using the prepared powder were studied. For comparing the photo-catalytic decomposition performance of $TiO_2$ powder with that of $TiO_2$ coating, $TiO_2$ thin films were prepared by the spin coating and the pulsed laser deposition. For the results of the acetaldehyde decomposition, the photo-catalytic activity of $TiO_{2-x}N_x$ powder was higher than that of the pure $TiO_2$ powder in the visible light region. For the methylene blue decomposition, the decomposition efficiency of $TiO_2$ powder was also higher than that of $TiO_2$ film.