• Title/Summary/Keyword: Remote management and control

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Analysis of Land Cover Classification and Pattern Using Remote Sensing and Spatial Statistical Method - Focusing on the DMZ Region in Gangwon-Do - (원격탐사와 공간통계 기법을 이용한 토지피복 분류 및 패턴 분석 - 강원도 DMZ일원을 대상으로 -)

  • NA, Hyun-Sup;PARK, Jeong-Mook;LEE, Jung-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.100-118
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    • 2015
  • This study established a land-cover classification method on objects using satellite images, and figured out distributional patterns of land cover according to categories through spatial statistics techniques. Object-based classification generated each land cover classification map by spectral information, texture information, and the combination of the two. Through assessment of accuracy, we selected optimum land cover classification map. Also, to figure out spatial distribution pattern of land cover according to categories, we analyzed hot spots and quantified them. Optimal weight for an object-based classification has been selected as the Scale 52, Shape 0.4, Color 0.6, Compactness 0.5, Smoothness 0.5. In case of using the combination of spectral information and texture information, the land cover classification map showed the best overall classification accuracy. Particularly in case of dry fields, protected cultivation, and bare lands, the accuracy has increased about 12 percent more than when we used only spectral information. Forest, paddy fields, transportation facilities, grasslands, dry fields, bare lands, buildings, water and protected cultivation in order of the higher area ratio of DMZ according to categories. Particularly, dry field sand transportation facilities in Yanggu occurred mainly in north areas of the civilian control line. dry fields in Cheorwon, forest and transportation facilities in Inje fulfilled actively in south areas of the civilian control line. In case of distributional patterns according to categories, hot spot of paddy fields, dry fields and protected cultivation, which is related to agriculture, was distributed intensively in plains of Yanggu and in basin areas of Cheorwon. Hot spot areas of bare lands, waters, buildings and roads have similar distribution patterns with hot spot areas related to agriculture, while hot spot areas of bare lands, water, buildings and roads have different distributional patterns with hot spot areas of forest and grasslands.

Application of unmanned helicopter on pest management in rice cultivation (무인 항공기 이용 벼 병해충 방제기술 연구)

  • Park, K.H.;Kim, J.K.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.43-58
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    • 2008
  • This research was conducted to determine the alternative tool of chemical spray for rice cultivation using the unmanned helicopter(Yamaha, R-Max Type 2G-remote controlled system) at farmer's field in Korea. The unmanned helicopter tested was introduced form Japan. In Korea the application of chemicals by machine sprayer for pest management in rice cultivation has been ordinarily used at the farmer's level. However, it involved a relatively high cost and laborious for the small scale of cultivation per farm household. Farm population has been highly decreased to 7.5% in 2002 and the population is expected to rapidly reduce by 3.5% in 2012. In Japan, pest control depending on unmanned helicopter has been increased by leaps and bounds. This was due in part to the materialization of the low-cost production technology under agricultural policy and demand environmentally friendly farm products. The practicability of the unmanned helicopter in terms of super efficiency and effectiveness has been proven, and the farmers have understood that the unmanned helicopter is indispensable in the future farming system that they visualized. Also, the unmanned helicopter has been applied to rice, wheat, soybean, vegetables, fruit trees, pine trees for spraying chemicals and/or fertilizers in Japan Effect of disease control by unmanned helicopter was partially approved against rice blast and sheath blight. However, the result was not satisfactory due to the weather conditions and cultural practices. The spray density was also determined in this experiment at 0, 15, 30, and 60cm height from the paddy soil surface and there was 968 spots at 0cm, 1,560 spots at 15cm, 1,923 spots at 30cm, and 2,999 spots at 60cm height. However, no significant difference was found among the treatments. At the same time, there was no phytotoxicity observed under the chemical stray using this unmanned helicopter, nor the rice plant itself was damaged by the wind during the operation.

제주도 지하수자원의 최적 개발가능량 선정에 관한 수리지질학적 연구

  • 한정상;김창길;김남종;한규상
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 1994.07a
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    • pp.184-215
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    • 1994
  • The Hydrogeologic data of 455 water wells comprising geologic and aquifer test were analyzed to determine hydrogeoloic characteristics of Cheju island. The groundwater of Cheju island is occurred in unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits interbedded in highly jointed basaltic and andesic rocks as high level, basal and parabasal types order unconfined condition. The average transmissivity and specific yield of the aquifer are at about 29,300m$^2$/day and 0.12 respectively. The total storage of groundwater is estimated about 44 billion cubic meters(m$^3$). Average annual precipitation is about 3390 million m$^3$ among which average recharge amount is estimated 1494 million m$^3$ equivalent 44.1% of annual precipitation with 638 million m$^3$ of runoff and 1256 million m$^3$ of evapotranspiration. Based on groundwater budget analysis, the sustainable yield is about 620 million m$^3$(41% of annual recharge)and rest of it is discharging into the sea. The geologic logs of recently drilled thermal water wens indicate that very low-permeable marine sediments(Sehwa-ri formation) composed of loosely cemented sandy sat derived from mainly volcanic ashes, at the 1st stage volcanic activity of the area was situated at the 120$\pm$68m below sea level. And also the other low-permeable sedimentary rock called Segipo-formation which is deemed younger than former marine sediment is occured at the area covering north-west and western part of Cheju at the $\pm$70m below sea level. If these impermeable beds are distributed as a basal formation of fresh water zone of Cheju, most of groundwater in Cheju will be para-basal type. These formations will be one of the most important hydrogeologic boundary and groundwater occurences in the area.

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A Review of Literature on the Welfare Delivery System of Exceptional Children in Korea (우리나라 특수아동(特殊兒童) 복지제도(福祉制度)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察))

  • Lee, So-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.1
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    • pp.94-106
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    • 1980
  • The issue presented in this paper are as follows: 1. Legislative actions of welfare-related law for the exceptional children. The legislative base for the evolution has been yet weak and ambigous at best for a formalization of what should be considered accepted practice and effective action in providing handicapped child and their parents educational rights and equal protection of the law. And they are under remote control of partial factor subject to social welfare law for children, and public law for education, promotion law for the exceptional child education, protection law for public aids. 2. Organization of government for the welfare services for the exceptional children. There is no sing of a push toward consolidation of effort for the welfare service of the exceptional children in this country that seeks to recapture a sense of unity, of coherence, of completeness from a reality made up of discontinuous fragments of humanitarian effora This presently that. as for the education of the exceptional child, by the section of the exceptional education in MOE (Ministry of Education), and/or as for welfare services and promotion actions, by the section of child welfare in MHSA (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs). One door type operation rooted in the specialization, and limited resources to evolve multi-purpose agencies that undertake to provide a broad range of tangible and concrete services, as well as supportive counselling and assessment, under a single management which plans and directs the allocations of resources, should be followed. 3. Facilities and recruitment of teachers for the exceptional children. In this country there are 54 facilities for special services, 56 schools for the exceptional education, and 3 colleges and equavalents that provide teacher training services leading to certification with IIO annual graduates. However, curriculum for exceptional children should be rearranged and reconstructed. Conclusion; Only as for social welfare institutions in community, this country produced a succession of specific purpose activities, over period of time, that accumulated to form the present network of hundreds of social welfare organizations and facilities Periodically major efforts were launched to revitalize or to improve the help-giving system. But they lack specialization to be effective, and the nature of multi-purpose center tends to be vague for the classified handicapped. Therefore, there, should be linkage between policy maker and community services to maintain some coherenty in preventive care, treatment, and after cares. At last, the effects of the current concept "the exceptional child" involved with their families, and their neighborhood should be considered in view of the people who consist about 25% of the total population.

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Advances, Limitations, and Future Applications of Aerospace and Geospatial Technologies for Apple IPM (사과 IPM을 위한 항공 및 지리정보 기술의 진보, 제한 및 미래 응용)

  • Park, Yong-Lak;Cho, Jum Rae;Choi, Kyung-Hee;Kim, Hyun Ran;Kim, Ji Won;Kim, Se Jin;Lee, Dong-Hyuk;Park, Chang-Gyu;Cho, Young Sik
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.135-143
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    • 2021
  • Aerospace and geospatial technologies have become more accessible by researchers and agricultural practitioners, and these technologies can play a pivotal role in transforming current pest management practices in agriculture and forestry. During the past 20 years, technologies including satellites, manned and unmanned aircraft, spectral sensors, information systems, and autonomous field equipment, have been used to detect pests and apply control measures site-specifically. Despite the availability of aerospace and geospatial technologies, along with big-data-driven artificial intelligence, applications of such technologies to apple IPM have not been realized yet. Using a case study conducted at the Korea Apple Research Institute, this article discusses the advances and limitations of current aerospace and geospatial technologies that can be used for improving apple IPM.

Operation Method of Power Supply System for Eco-friendly Movable-weir Based on Natural Energy Sources (자연에너지를 이용한 친환경 가동보용 전원공급시스템의 운용방안)

  • Kwon, Pil-June;Lee, Hu-Dong;Tae, Dong-Hyun;Park, Ji-Hyun;Ferreira, Marito;Rho, Dae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.601-610
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    • 2020
  • Recently, damage caused by drought is becoming worse and worse due to the global climate change. To overcome these problems, movable-weir to control the water level has been installed instead of a fixed-weir made from concrete. On the other hand, it is difficult to operate an existing moveable-weir because of the high cost of facility management and manpower consumption. In addition, because most moveable-weirs are installed in power systems, the operating cost and the cost of connection for power systems increase when they are located in remote areas. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal design algorithm and the evaluation algorithm of the SOC (state of charge) of a lithium-ion battery to replace an existing power supply with eco-friendly movable-power with a power supply system using PV modules and lithium-ion batteries. In addition, this study modeled a 50kW power supply system of a movable-weir using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed algorithm has stable operation characteristics in an independent operation mode and interconnection operation mode and that there is the possibility of commercialization with a benefits evaluation of the eco-friendly power supply system of a movable-weir.

Development of T-commerce Processing Payment Module Using IC Credit Card(EMV) (IC신용카드(EMV)를 이용한 T-커머스 결제처리 모듈 개발)

  • Choi, Byoung-Kyu;Lee, Dong-Bok;Kim, Byung-Kon;Heu, Shin
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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    • v.19A no.1
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2012
  • IC(Integrated circuits)card, generally be named smard card, embedded MPU(Micro Processor Unit) of small-size, memory, EEPROM, Card Operating System(COS) and security algorithm. The IC card is used in almost all industry such as a finance(credit, bank, stock etc.), a traffic, a communication, a medical, a electronic passport, a membership management and etc. Recently, a application field of IC card is on the increase by method for payments of T-commerce, as T-commerce is becoming a new growth engine of the broadcating industry by trend of broadcasting and telecommunication convergence, smart mechanization of TV. For example, we can pay in IC credit card(or IC cash card) on T-Commerce. or we can be provided TV banking service in IC cash card such as ATM. However, so far, T-commerce payment services have weakness in security such as storage and disclosure of card information as well as dropping sharply about custom ease because of taking advantage of card information input method using remote control. To solve this problem, This paper developed processing payment module for implementing TV electronic payment system using IC credit card payment standard, EMV.

Investigation of Measurement Feasibility of Large-size Wastes Based on Unmanned Aerial System (UAS 기반 대형 폐기물 발생량 측정 가능성 모색)

  • Son, Seung Woo;Yu, Jae Jin;Jeon, Hyung Jin;Lim, Seong Ha;Kang, Young Eun;Yoon, Jeong Ho
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.33 no.5_3
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    • pp.809-820
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    • 2017
  • Efficient management of large-size wastes generated from disasters etc. is always in demand. Large-size wastes are closely connected to the environment, producing adverse effects on the air quality, water quality, living environment and so on. When large-size wastes are generated, we must be able to estimate the generated amount in order to transfer them to a temporary trans-shipment site, or to properly treat them. Currently, we estimate the amount of generated large-size wastes by using satellite images or unit measure for wastes; however, the accuracy of such estimations have been constantly questioned. Therefore, the present study was performed to establish three-dimensional spatial information based on UAS, to measure the amount of waste, and to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement. A measurement was made at a waste site by using UAS, and the X, Y, Z RMSE values of the three-dimensional spatial information were found to be 0.022 m, 0.023 m, and 0.14 m, all of which show relatively high accuracy. The amount of waste measured using these values was computed to be approximately $4,273,400m^3$. In addition, the amount of waste at the same site was measured by using Terrestrial LiDAR, which is used for the precise measurement of geographical features, cultural properties and the like. The resulting value was $4,274,188m^3$, which is not significantly different from the amount of waste computed by using UAS. Thus, the possibility of measuring the amount of waste using UAS was confirmed, and UAS-based measurement is believed to be useful for environmental control with respect to disaster wastes, large-size wastes, and the like.

A Study on the Legislation for the Commercial and Civil Unmanned Aircraft System Operation (국내 상업용 민간 무인항공기 운용을 위한 법제화 고찰)

  • Kim, Jong-Bok
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.3-54
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    • 2013
  • Nowadays, major advanced countries in aviation technology are putting their effort to develop commercial and civil Unmanned Aircraft System(UAS) due to its highly promising market demand in the future. The market scale of commercial and civil UAS is expected to increase up to approximately 8.8 billon U.S. dollars by the year 2020. The usage of commercial and civil UAS covers various areas such as remote sensing, relaying communications, pollution monitoring, fire detection, aerial reconnaissance and photography, coastline monitoring, traffic monitoring and control, disaster control, search and rescue, etc. With the introduction of UAS, changes need to be made on current Air Traffic Management Systems which are focused mainly manned aircrafts to support the operation of UAS. Accordingly, the legislation for the UAS operation should be followed. Currently, ICAO's Unmanned Aircraft System Study Group(UASSG) is leading the standardization process of legislation for UAS operation internationally. However, some advanced countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Australia have adopted its own legislation. Among these countries, United States is most forth going with President Obama signing a bill to integrate UAS into U.S. national airspace by 2015. In case of Korea, legislation for the unmanned aircraft system is just in the beginning stage. There are no regulations regarding the operation of unmanned aircraft in Korea's domestic aviation law except some clauses regarding definition and permission of the unmanned aircraft flight. However, the unmanned aircrafts are currently being used in military and under development for commercial use. In addition, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has a ambitious plan to develop commercial and civil UAS as Korea's most competitive area in aircraft production and export. Thus, Korea is in need of the legislation for the UAS operation domestically. In this regards, I personally think that Korea's domestic legislation for UAS operation will be enacted focusing on following 12 areas : (1)use of airspace, (2)licenses of personnel, (3)certification of airworthiness, (4)definition, (5)classification, (6)equipments and documents, (7)communication, (8)rules of air, (9)training, (10)security, (11)insurance, (12)others. Im parallel with enacting domestic legislation, korea should contribute to the development of international standards for UAS operation by actively participating ICAO's UASSG.

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The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions (인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Il-Yoo B.;Kim, Woo-Sung;Lim, Byung-Ha
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.