• 농촌계획
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2004

This study aims to suggest new development strategy for rural villages considering their tourism income. In order to select the several study villages, the present study surveyed roughly the outline for resource characteristics about green-tourism of 83 rural tourist villages introduced on the internet. On the five rural villages, which are Moondang-ri, Yangsoo-ri, Molwoon-ri(Tomato-village), Yongsan-ri(Yongbayi-gol), and Kaya-ri(Ogam-village) located on Chungnam, Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, and Kyunggi province, this study surveyed detailed data on the tourism income. The results show that the food sales business in the village makes about 50% of the total village income per year from the tourist, and followed by agricultural products sale, stay in farmhouses, and experience activity in the villages. The average total income of the five villages was estimated 93 million won per year and the average income per household was 1.5 million won in the study villages. The study suggests new strategy with the three kinds of important components for the rural village development considering the analysis results such as the bringing up of human resources for the village management and developing experience program for tourist, the characterization of agricultural products in the village, and the remodeling of village amenity environment for tourists.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.475-478
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• 2008

In Korea, there has been a tendency that multi-family housings are constructed by providers such as constructors or real estate agents for the economical benefits and selling efficiency, using standardized plans, load-bearing wall system, water-based construction method, and uniformized formworks. Especially, the traditional installation works which service equipments are buried into structures cause serious problems such as shortening building life span, increasing times of remodeling during specific period (100 years) and wasting resources. Also the unilateral way of massive distribution by providers for multi-family housings is not appropriate to meet the various social needs of residents. To solve these problems, it is necessary to build long-life housing which can be easily separated installations, interior and exterior finishings from structural parts. Therefore, this paper will examine the present administrative law and the civil law in order to find negative factors that can be obstructions for providing long-life housings and set the direction to revise the regulations.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2015

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherent diseases characterized by massive accumulation of undigested compounds in lysosomes, which is caused by genetic defects resulting in the deficiency of a lysosomal hydrolase. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy has been successfully used for treatment of 7 LSDs with 10 approved therapeutic enzymes whereas new approaches such as pharmacological chaperones and gene therapy still await evaluation in clinical trials. While therapeutic enzymes for Gaucher disease have N-glycans with terminal mannose residues for targeting to macrophages, the others require N-glycans containing mannose-6-phosphates that are recognized by mannose-6-phosphate receptors on the plasma membrane for cellular uptake and targeting to lysosomes. Due to the fact that efficient lysosomal delivery of therapeutic enzymes is essential for the clearance of accumulated compounds, the suitable glycan structure and its high content are key factors for efficient therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, glycan remodeling strategies to improve lysosomal targeting and tissue distribution have been highlighted. This review describes the glycan structures that are important for lysosomal targeting and provides information on recent glyco-engineering technologies for the development of therapeutic enzymes with improved efficacy. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(8): 438-444]

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6201-6206
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• 2015

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process though which an epithelial phenotype can be converted into a phenotype of mesenchymal cells. Under physiological conditions EMT is important for embryogenesis, organ development, wound repair and tissue remodeling. However, EMT may also be activated under pathologic conditions, especially in carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. Major signaling pathways involved in EMT include transforming growth factor ${\beta}(TGF-{\beta})$, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and other signaling pathways. These pathways are related to several transcription factors, including Twist, Smads and zinc finger proteins snail and slug. These interact with each other to provide crosstalk between the relevant signaling pathways. This review lays emphasis on studying the relationship between EMT and signaling pathways in carcinogenesis and metastatic progression.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1184-1194
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• 2007

Recently, framed structure is increasingly being used as apartment structure due to the advantages during remodeling. Therefore, the use of lightweight panel as separating wall is increasing. To construct lightweight panel structures with sound insulation performance appropriate to the conditions of each field, measurement of sound reduction index(SRI) through panel structures should be performed. In this study, measurement of SRI through 46 kinds of panel structures was performed in the condition of various factors such as surface density, air space and absorber. The result showed that SRI of panel structures was generally higher by increasing of surface density. In the case of double panel with no absorber, SRI at below critical frequency was gradually increased according to rise of air space. Double panel with absorber make remarkable improvement in SRI at low frequency, but there is a little difference compared with SRI of double panel with no absorber over critical frequency.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2014

Wound healing is a complex multi-step process that requires spatial and temporal orchestration of cellular and non-cellular components. Hypoxia is one of the prominent microenvironmental factors in tissue injury and wound healing. Hypoxic responses, mainly mediated by a master transcription factor of oxygen homeostasis, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), have been shown to be critically involved in virtually all processes of wound healing and remodeling. Yet, mechanisms underlying hypoxic regulation of wound healing are still poorly understood. Better understanding of how the wound healing process is regulated by the hypoxic microenvironment and HIF-1 signaling pathway will provide insight into the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for impaired wound healing conditions such as diabetic wound and fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss recent studies illuminating the roles of HIF-1 in physiologic and pathologic wound repair and further, the therapeutic potentials of HIF-1 stabilization or inhibition.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Previous studies showed that Cdc7 kinase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe phosphorylated the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex efficiently in the presence of spMcm10 protein. The biochemical properties of the phosphorylated Mcm complexes were examined to understand the activation mechanism of the Mcm complex by Cdc7 kinase. The phosphorylation of Mcm complex in the presence of spMcm10 by Cdc7 kinase did not affect the stability of the Mcm complex containing all six subunits, and the changes in the sedimentation properties were not observed after the phosphorylation. The reconstitution of the Mcm complex using the purified proteins showed that the phosphorylation of Mcm2 proteins did not affect the interactions between Mcm proteins. The phosphorylation of the Mcm2-7 complex at the same condition also did not activate the other biochemical activities such as DNA helicase and single stranded (ss) DNA binding activities. On the other hand, spMcm10 protein that was used for the stimulation of Mcm phosphorylation showed single stranded DNA binding activity, and inhibited the DNA helicase activity of the Mcm4/6/7 complex. These inhibitory effects were reduced by the addition of Cdc7 kinase, suggesting that the phosphorylation by Cdc7 kinase decreased the interactions between spMcm10 and the Mcm complex. Taken together, these results suggested that the phosphorylation by Cdc7 kinase alone is not sufficient for the remodeling and the activation of the Mcm complex, and the additional factors or the phosphorylations might be required for the activation of the Mcm complex.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.92-106
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• 2012

This study focuses on exploring the behaviours of high-tech start-up firms in response to the policy interventions undertaken to promote regional innovation in South Korea since 1997. High-tech start-ups and their technological entrepreneurship are increasingly considered by policy makers and academics to play a crucial role in the generation of innovation and economic development. However, this study started from a basic concern of why government intervention does not necessarily result in an increase of regional innovation capacity. To explain this concern, we constructed a new conceptual framework of 'government dependency' and apply this to 'Daedeok,' a regional innovation system in South Korea, to explore the reproduction of path dependency as an impact induced by innovation policy. This conceptual framework was developed by remodeling path dependency approaches through a systemic and interactive lens. An empirical study used qualitative interviews of start-up founders to delineate the emergence of a new development path and the extent to which dependency was reproduced in the Daedeok regional innovation system. Empirical analysis suggested that 'reliance' and 'persistence' were the crucial factors in the production and reproduction of the government dependency. Some firms accepted dependency as reliance, but others regarded it as policy utilization. Thus, a critical juncture could not be clearly identified in actors' behaviour. It was also unclear if dependency had hindered innovation, but it was shown that the regional and institutional contexts strongly influenced the reproduction process. The study concludes that the construct of government dependency can also provide useful insights into policy learning as well as the success of government interventions.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2021

In this study, to analyze whether artificial regulation of apoptosis in the development of somatic cells can affect the stable growth and development of cells, 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) and rapamycin were treated to induce apoptosis and autophagy in the both skin and muscle cells. Respectively, and 3-methyladenine was supplemented to inhibit cell death. Our results show that stimulation with rapamycin activated autophagy in both types of cells, but increased apoptosis more than autophagy in the case of skin cells. These results indicate that there was a difference in the expression of survival factors and cell development depending on the type of cell. In particular, in the expression of autophagy-related gene (MAP1LC3A) was higher than that of Casp-3, an apoptosis factor. Furthermore, cell development was the highest in all cell groups cultured by artificially inducing autophagy, however the lowest in the apoptosis-inhibited group. Especially, the noteworthy result of this study was that when apoptosis was induced using 20α-HSD, it was possible to induce apoptosis in both skin and muscle cells. Therefore, the main point of this study is that apoptosis induced during cell culture plays a pivotal role in cell remodeling.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.646-651
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• 2020

Bone resorption is linked to bone formation via temporal and spatial coupling within the remodeling cycle. Several lines of evidence point to the critical role of coupling factors derived from pre-osteoclasts (POCs) during the regulation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). However, the role of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in BMMSCs is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate the role of POC-derived GDNF in regulating the migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. RNA sequencing revealed GDNF upregulation in POCs compared with monocytes/macrophages. Specifically, BMMSC migration was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody against GDNF in pre-osteoclast-conditioned medium (POC-CM), whereas treatment with a recombinant GDNF enhanced migration and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, POC-CM derived from GDNF knock-downed bone marrow macrophages suppressed BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation. SPP86, a small molecule inhibitor, inhibits BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, which is recruited by GDNF into the GFRα1 complex. Overall, this study highlights the role of POC-derived GDNF in BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that GDNF regulates bone metabolism.