• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2000

The purpose of paper is to investigate the characteristics of regulations on landscape management of historic city of Kyongju in Korea, compared with those of Nara in japan to answer the research question that what is the regulative characteristics of landscape management of historic city in Korea. We have analyzed the three laws of the two country - Urban Planning Law, Cultural Assets Protection law, and Building Law. This research has been done in terms of regulative systems of the two country and articles, ordinances, and bylaws on landscape managements of historic city Major components of urban historic landscape management are goals and devices of preservation, preserving actor, authorized actor permitting major planning change, regulatory power on landscape development, and backgrounds of enacting regulations. From this research, we have fond the fact that 1) Kyongju City has general and implicit objectives of landscape management based on conservation of natural environment while Nara City has concrete objectives of lansdscape management, 2) Kyongju City has no regulations on landscape planning while Nara City has systematic planning measures such as designation of landscape management district, planning for preservation of historic landscape, and planning for establishing urban landscape, 3) In an application of landscape management district, Kyongju City designate the district based on the general principle of urban planning district while nara City designate it in a more detailed manner such as district of preservation of historic landscape, district of landscape establishment, and district of building agreement. 4) Kyongju has no legal actor in implementation and management of historic landscape plan while Nara City has administrative organization and procedures, including citizen participation, public hearing, and voluntary participation, and 5) Kyongju City does not operate the consultation committee on landscape management just like Nara City operating. This research results will provide us the remedial insights for landscape preservation of such Korean historic city as Kongju, Puyo, and Chunju. Since our research is focused on the limited area of preserving landscape in historic cities in korea and Japan we need to study sociocultural issues on preserving urban historic landscape more in depth in the future.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.947-956
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship among oral health perception, practicality, and the health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) of soldiers, to finalize the oral health education content to be offered to military personnel under military service and explore remedial measures. Methods: The subjects included military soldiers older than 19 years of age in the Chungnam province. The study instrument was a structured questionnaire evaluating the general characteristics, HPLP, oral health perception, and oral health practice. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The HPLP evaluation of the soldiers was 3.39, and the group with the higher HPLP level showed better oral health recognition and oral health practice, with a statistically significant difference. There were differences in oral health perception, tooth brushing practice, and oral health education interest depending on the level of education and stratum of the soldier. The higher the soldier's HPLP, the higher were the oral health perception and oral health practice. The factors affecting the HPLP were oral health perception, tooth brushing practice, and interest in oral health education. Conclusions: After the military discharge, it is necessary to devise ways that will enhance oral health perception and practices that promote good oral health and lifestyle.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.80 no.6
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• pp.701-709
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• 2021

The paper aims at improving the understanding and mitigating the effects of tunnel fires that may breakout due to the burning fuel and/or explosion within the tunnel. This study particularly focuses on the behavior of the commonly used horse shoe geometry of tunnel systems. The problem has been obtained using an adequate well-established program incorporating the Lagrangian approach. A transient-thermo-coupled static structural analysis is carried out. The effects of radiation and convection to the outer walls of the tunnel is studied. The paper also presents the impact of the hazard on the structural integrity of the tunnel. A methodology is proposed to study the tunnel fire using a model which uses equivalent steel sheet to represent the presence of reinforcements to improve the computational efficiency with adequate validation. A parametric study has been carried out and the effect of suitable lining property for mitigating the fire hazard is arrived at. Detailed analysis is done for the threshold limits of the properties of the lining material to check if it is acceptable in all aspects for the integrity of the tunnel. The study may prove useful for developing insights for ensuring tunnel fire safety. To conduct such studies experimentally are tremendously costly but are required to gain confidence. But, scaled models, as well as loading and testing conditions, cannot be studied by many trials experimentally as the cost will shoot up sharply. In this context, the results obtained from such computational studies with a feasible variation of various combinations of parameters may act as a set of guidelines to freeze the adequate combination of various parameters to conduct one or two costly experiments for confidence building.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

The movement of rock cut slopes may result in upheaval of an adjacent road. Because most cut slopes consist of rock, road upheaval due to the movement of a cut slope is a rare phenomenon in Korea. We found that the movement of rock slopes which are heavily weathered and with strongly developed weak zones is governed by circular failure of the overall rock formation rather than by failure along discontinuities. The results of a numerical analysis revealed that the application of a ubiquitous joint model in a continuum analysis is appropriate for anisotropic rocks (e.g., schist) and for slopes for which the stability is influenced by a particular discontinuity. The results of a field investigation and numerical analyses suggest that retaining walls and anchors should be used to stabilize rock slopes and that real-time monitoring equipment should be installed to assess the reinforcing effect of the remedial measures.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.6 s.65
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• pp.506-525
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• 2006

For the design of large scale rock slope which has complex formations and geological structures, generally, insufficiency of geotechnical investigations and laboratory tests are the main factors of slope failures doling construction. In such case, remedial measures to stabilize slope should be selected and applied through reliable investigations and analysis considering the geotechnical characteristics. The rock slope of this study, one of the largest cut slopes in Korea with a length of 520.0 m and maximum height of 122.0 m consists of metasedimentary rocks. And a case study on the causes of large-scale rock slope failure was carried out by analysis of landslides history and site investigations during construction. When the slope with the original design slope of 0.7: 1.0 (H:V) was partially constructed, the slope failure was occurred due to the factors such as poor conditions of rocks (weathered zone, coaly shale and fault shear zone), various discontinuities (joints, foliations and faults), severe rain storm and so on. The types of failures were rockfall, circular failure, wedge failure and the combination of these types. So, the design of slope was changed three times to ensure long-term slope stability. This paper is intended to be a useful reference for analyzing and estimating the stability of rock slopes whose site conditions are similar to those of this study site such as geological structures and geotechnical properties.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.337-347
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• 2018

The government has been operating residential improvement projects through the "Act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents" as a type of a remedial measure for deteriorated residential areas. However, in recent years, the residential improvement projects have experienced difficulties due to the effects of various factors including the slowdown in economic growth. After observing the depression in a number of projects, various studies have been carried out to investigate the causality and improve the promotion of the residential improvement projects. In the trend of research, this study aims to analyze the effects of land and building characteristics on the improvement projects of Busan Metropolitan City. The dependent variables of the study represent different phases of improvement project as specified in the "Act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents". The independent variables represent land and building characteristics which refer to the criteria used in the designation process of maintenance area according to the act. The empirical analysis uses the ordered logit model. The results from the analysis suggest that geographical condition, factors related to the number of union members, factors related to the parcel price and condition of a location have impact on the promotion of the improvement project. The results of the analysis show that majority of the factors are related to the economic feasibility of the projects. Residential improvement project is a part of urban planning projects that rehabilitates deteriorated residential environment, and it is closely associated with the quality of life of public. Accordingly, we hope that such projects are reasonable and take effective approach to those with urgent needs rather than to focus on profitability. Also, potential administrative and economical loss should be avoided by taking necessary planning measures in advance.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate how much the motility of affected and unaffected lower limb respectively would have effects on their ambulation through comparing the difference between their affected and unaffected lower limb and studying the correlation between such difference and their ambulation. In addition, the study also intends to find out remedial measures suitable for improving their ambulation with relevant physical treatment. To do this, a quantitative electromyogram(QEMG) test was done to both quadriceps and hamstring of affected and unaffected lower limb so as to yield IP values. Based on such IP values, RMS(root mean square) values as the total sum of IP values were found with QEMG analysis system (made by Medelec Co.) and then the ambulation depending on the difference in muscular strength were analyzed by ink-foot print method as well as the corresponding statistics were processed by T-test through SPSS. The effect of differences in muscular strength of quadriceps in affected and unaffected limb of hemiplegic patients on their ambulation was also different in each element of ambulation. However, there was not any statistically significant difference (p>.05). The differences in muscular strength of hamstring in unaffected limbs of hemiplegic patients only affect stride length. It was statistically significant. The effect of difference in muscular strength of the hamstring in affected limb of hemiplegic patients on their ambulation was very different between strong and weak group in terms of walking velocity, step per minute, stride and step length, showing statistically significant difference(p<.05). Although there was a difference in the step length of the affected limb, it was not statistically significant(p>.05). For the unaffected hamstring, there were significant differences of stride length between in unaffected limb and in affected limb. For the affected hamstring, there were also significant differences in walking velocity, step per minute, stride and step length. Besides, it was found that the difference of the muscular strength between strong and weak group was at the highest. Thus, the effect of difference in muscular strength on ambulatory factors such as walking velocity, step per minute, stride and step length did not show any statistical significance but differences in affected and unaffected quadriceps. However, it was found that both the difference of stride in unaffected hamstring and the difference of all ambulatory factors except from step length with affected limb had effects on ambulation depending upon muscular strength.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1994

We carried out this study by analyzing the annual reports, surveyed by medical college student(Ewha Woman's University) through the medical records of new patients of Su-Dong Myon Health Subcenter from 1982 to 1992, and the specific survey data of 247 in Su-Dong Myon area which consists of 5,454 population and 1,651 household(43.6% farm household), in December, 1993. Results were as follows: 1) The number of population in Su-Dong Myon is 5,265 in 1982, 4,905 in 1984, 4,885 in 1986, 4,820 in 1988, 4,663 in 1990, 5,454 in 1992. 2) Since 1982, the annual utilization rate of a rural health subcenter showed decreasing tendency: such as 609(the highest rate) per 1,000 inhabitants in 1982, 485 in 1984, 525 in 1985, 281 in 1988, 316 in 1990 and 197 in 1992. The utilization rate by sex was decreasing chronologically in male, and age-specific utilization rate showed rapidly decreasing tendency since 1982 : 1,037 per 1,000 inhabitants in 1982, 877 in 1984, 1,084 in 1986, 519 in 1988, 538 in 1990 and 333 in 1992, in age group of 0-14, but not changing tendency in age-groups of 65 and over. 3) The monthly utilization rate of a rural health subcenter showed increasing tendency in March, July and August from 1982 to 1987, and in March and May from 1988 to 1992. 4) The patient rate of medical insurance showed increasing tendency since 1983: 17.0% per 100 patients(the lowest rate) in 1983, 21.3% in 1985, 20.4% in 1987, 70,0% in 1989 and 77.8% in 1991. However, the patient rate of Medicaid showed no specific change. 5) The utilization rate by the remedial measures for primary health care showed 30.8% of the answered in private special clinic, the highest rate, and 30.0% in drug stores, 25.5% in health subcenter, 10.5% in hospital and 1.2% in oriental clinic. In favorite physicians for primary health care, specialist was the highest rate, 48.6% of the answered, and general practitioner, 39.7% and home doctor, 8.9% in next order. And 70.8% of the answered experienced to visit the health subcenter more than once. 6) Disfavorite reasons of health subcenter were insufficient equipment(42.1%, the highest), and the next order, short cure time per day(25.1%), "be not cured"(12.2%), "be not(6.9%) and unkindness(3.6%), And the major obstacles in utilizing the medical facilities for primary health care were farm works(41.7%, the highest), distance(27.1%) and medical cost(11.4%).

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.437-448
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• 2022

This work aims to assess the threat to human health of hazardous materials in groundwater that is used domestically and for drinking. Two distinct sub-assessments are considered: cancer and non-cancer risk. The studied groundwater is in an agricultural area of Gyeongnam Province, Korea, and is contaminated by arsenic at a mean level of 16.27 ㎍/L, far greater than the WHO guideline (10 ㎍/L for drinking water). We collected groundwater data from the National Groundwater Information Center (gims.go.kr) and assessed the risk to human health following the methodology of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. We considered three exposure scenarios: domestic use (scenario 1) and drinking use with different doses (scenarios 2 and 3). Scenario 1 had a median hazard quotient (HQ) of 0.77 and a cancer risk (CR) of 0.013. Scenario 2 had a median HQ of 0.08 and a CR of 3.69 × 10^-5, and the values for scenario 3 were 0.11 and 4.82 × 10^-5, respectively. Scenario 1 is likely the most hazardous to human health. Further study of the origin of arsenic in groundwater in the study area is required, as are remedial measures to mitigate its health effects.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

Excessive earth pressure is one of the major mechanical factors in the deformation and damage of Cut-and-Cover Tunnel lining in shallow tunnels and portals of mountain tunnels (Kim, 2000). Excessive earth pressure may be attributed to insufficient compaction and consolidation of backfill material due to self-weight, precipitation and vibration caused by traffic (Komiya et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 1984; Yoo, 1997). Even though there were a lot of tests performed to determine the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining, unfortunately there were almost no case histories of studies performed to determine remedial measures that reduce differential settlement and excessive earth pressure. In this study the installation of geotextile mat was selected to reduce the differential settlement and excessive earth pressure acting on the cut-and-cover tunnel lining. In order to determine settlement and earth pressure reduction effect (reinforcement effect) of geotextile mat reinforcement, laboratory tunnel model tests were performed. This study was limited to the modeling of rigid circular cut-and-cover tunnel constructed at a depth of $1.0D\sim1.5D$ in loose sandy ground and subjected to a vibration frequency of 100 Hz. Model tests with varying soil cover, mat reinforcement scheme and slope roughness were performed to determine the most effective mat reinforcement scheme. Slope roughness was adjusted by attaching sandpaper #100, #400 and acetate on the cut slope surface. Mat reinforcement effect of each mat reinforcement scheme were presented by the comparison of earth pressure obtained from the unreinforced and mat reinforced model tests. Soil settlement reduction was analyzed and presented using the Picture Analysis Method (Park, 2003).