• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.541-555
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• 2002

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the trend of research on nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients in Korea, suggest direction for future research of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients. Methods: 74 studies published from 1991 to 2001 were examined according to the year of publication, types of journal, research design, types of disease, care methods, major concepts, tool and research findings. Results: 1) The number of studies related nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients had increased rapidly since the 1996's(78.4%). 2) 42 nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients studies(56.1%) were done for a thesis for a degree and 32 were nondegree research studies(43.9%). 3) 70 studies(94.7%) were quantitative study, which included in 40 descriptive studies(54.1%), 22 experimental studies (29.75), 5 correlative studies(6.8%), 2 comparative studies(2.7%) and 1 case study(1.4%), and 4 studies(5.3%) were qualitative study, which included in 3 content analysis studies(3.9%) and 1 phenomenological study(1.4%). 4) Researches about cancer more than 2 were the most by 48 studies (66.1%), following leukemia researches were 8 studies(10.8%), breast cancer researches were 7 studies(9.5%), gastric cancer researches were 4 studies(5.4%), pediatric cancer researches were 3 studies(4.1%), uterine cancer researches were 2 studies(2.7%). 5) Researches about chemotherapy were the most by 39 studies(52.6%), following analgesic researches were 14 studies(18.9%), researches that do not present treatment method were 9 studies(12.2%), radiation researches were 7 studies(9.5%). 6) In 22 experimental studies, the effects of 13 types of nursing interventions were tested. Research findings were effective almost but muscle relaxation therapy to decrease nausea and vomiting was no effect. Conclusion: We need more researches about research of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients, especially need to prove the effect of intervention or program for nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients by experimental research designs and need more qualitative researches to identify indepth the meaning of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.203-211
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of some adult dental fear and depression, and stress. Among the patients who came to the dental clinic for periodontal treatment, 68 patients who agreed to participate in the study and who met the selection criteria were included. Dental fear, depression symptom questionnaire, salivary cortisol, which can objectively evaluate blood pressure, pulse, and stress. The results of the analysis showed that depressive symptom was related to 'delayed treatment promise', 'cancellation of treatment appointment', 'increased muscle tension', 'rapid breathing when entering dentistry', 'fear when waiting in the waiting room', 'fear when you smell the hospital', 'fear when looking at the dental clinic', 'fear when seeing the anesthetic needle', 'fear when tooth whistle was heard', 'fear when teeth were removed', and 'total fear of dentistry'(p<0.05). Stress symptoms were higher in 'having sweated in the dentist', 'faster pulse', 'fear of entering the dentist' and 'total fear of the dentist'(p<0.05). Based on these results, it is necessary to study the effective methods to control the depressive symptoms and stress of patients who visit dental clinics, and it seems that continuous management is needed to prepare methods such as relaxation therapy for dental fear patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

The use of music as a means of inducing positive emotions and subsequent relaxation has been extensively studied by researchers. A great deal of this research has focussed on the use of music as a means of reducing feelings of anxiety and stress as well as aiding in the relief of numerous pathologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this effect of music using laser doppler flowmeter that monitors relative changes in the muscular blood cell perfusion, concentration of moving blood cells, mean velocity of the myofascial pain disorder patients. Total of 30 subjects were selected. They were monitored by LDF(Laser Doppler Flowmeter) during music listening for 3 minutes. LDF probe was placed over the temporalis muscle. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The average blood perfusion for 3 minutes of music listening at surface of temporalis muscles were elevated on both affected and unaffected parts compared to rest time. 2. The average of blood perfusion elevated during music listening at surface of temporalis muscles were higher in affected part than unaffected part. 3. Increase of blood perfusion during music listening is proportioin to that before music listening. In summary, these results may encouraging start to the elucidation of the hemodynamic events occuring during music listening and aimed to serve as a base for further studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to clarify the psychological effects of walking in the urban forest and to examine how the effects differ in accordance with individual personality. The study subjects comprised 18 male Japanese university students ($21.0{\pm}0.8$ years old). These subjects were instructed to walk predetermined 20-min courses in the urban forest and the city (control). Three questionnaires (POMS, STAI-S, and SCL-90) were administered to assess the subjects' psychological responses. The KG's Daily Life Questionnaire was used to examine the subject's personalities for presence of the Type A behavior pattern. The study found that walking in the urban forest improved the participants' positive mood and decreased their negative mood, anxiety, and other negative mental symptoms. Moreover, Type B subjects showed a bigger change than Type A subjects on the SCL-90's obsessive and compulsive scale. Our results supported the premise that walking in the urban forest has relaxing effects, and that these effects can differ in accordance with the subject's personality characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.207-220
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• 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of education and counselling by nurses on anxiety, uncertainty, and pain in patients with benign uterine tumors. Electronic databases, including PubMed, OVID, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Korean databases and were searched during January 2020. A total of 401 studies were identified of which 13 were suitable for meta-analysis. Cochrane's risk of bias tool and the R version 3.5.2 (Meta-analysis with R) program were used for analysis. The authors performed a meta-analysis of the 13 trials that met eligibility criteria. The findings in this study indicate that the effect size of nursing education for anxiety was Hedges' g=-0.89 (95% CI:-1.39 to -0.47), as indicated by a "large effect size" and the effect size of pain was Hedges' g=-0.49 (95% CI:-0.95 to -0.02) as indicated by a "moderate effect size". The effect size of uncertainty was Hedges' g=-1.38 (95% CI:-3.98 to 1.23), and it was not statistically significant. In the meta-subgroup analyses by approach intervention type, cognitive-behavioral programs, demonstration intervention, and relaxation therapy had a significant effect. The risk of publication bias was low. It may therefore be concluded that pre-operative education by nurses for patients with benign uterine tumors would affect their levels of anxiety, uncertainty, and pain.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.366-386
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• 2023

Objective: In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for doctors and patients to obtain basic data necessary for the development of an integrated medical system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: Questionnaires were developed separately for doctors and patients through an expert group meeting. The survey subjects were recruited online and offline, and finally, responses from 231 doctors and 59 patients were used for statistical analysis. Results: The most important parts in the treatment of IPF for both doctors and patients were the "improvement of respiratory symptoms," "improvement of quality of life," and "prevention of disease progression." Antifibrotic agents were prescribed at a high rate, and 100% of the specialists in Western medicine (WM) and 45.8% of patients reported experiencing side effects. As for the additional payment costs that patients considered as affordable for an integrated medical system, "under 50,000 won (about 38$)" was reported the most in both doctor and patient groups. With regard to the reasons for their reluctance to recommend an integrated medical system for IPF, specialists in WM responded highly to "uncertain evidence for treatment effectiveness." Regarding complementary and alternative medicine therapies that can be beneficial in patients with IPF, "lifestyle management," "diet management," "herb," "relaxation therapy," and "psychotherapy" were ranked high in both doctor and patient groups. Conclusions: In this study, a questionnaire survey on IPF was conducted to review actual treatment status, analyze shortcomings, and identify considerations for the development of an integrated medical system for IPF in the future.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.272-278
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• 2023

Attention, an important element of human cognitive function, is an important cognitive function that focuses only on necessary stimuli from various stimuli through sensory systems. Although various studies have shown that environmental conditions may affect the level of attention, the effect on attention by applying cooling directly to the skin has not been studied much. Differences in attention depending on when and whether cryotherapy was applied during learning and relaxation activities were examined among 36 subjects. The FAIR attention test, a visual attention evaluation tool, was used, and statistical analysis was conducted on the results of the sub-index of FAIR: Performance index, Quality index, and Continuity index. Among participants who performed rest activities, the application of cryotherapy appeared to have no effect on any subindex. Among the participants who performed learning activities, the group that applied pre-cryotherapy (P=469.0, C=435.4)) and the group that applied post-cryotherapy (P=457.4, C=425.4) showed higher Performance index and Continuity index than the group that did not apply cryotherapy (P=335.8, C=301.7). From these results, it can be concluded that cryotherapy maintains the level of alertness and awakens attention, albeit to a limited extent.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.473-483
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• 2023

This study was conducted to find out the psychological or physiological healing effects of real natural forests and virtual forest experiences using virtual reality (VR) in an artificially-controlled digital environment. To find out this, 81 healthy undergraduate students from C University were experimented on visual forest stimulation effects in the digital environment from September 5 to December 9 in 2022. The experiment evaluated the psychological and physiological healing effects of visual forest stimulation in the digital forest environment (2D, 3D). The SRI (stress response inventory) experiment for analyzing psychological effect showed statistically significant differences among groups. As for the SRI experiment for measuring psychological stress, except Control group, 2D group in the digital environment showed little difference before and after the experiment. But 3D group showed less stress than before. As a result, it was proved that visual forest stimulation in a forest-based digital environment (2D, 3D) reduces psychological stress significantly. And when analyzing how visual forest stimulation changes EEG (electroencephalogram) in the digital environment, alpha waves (RA), which are activated during relaxation or stabilization, were more active than beta waves (RB), which are activated during tension or awakening. This study is expected to be used to create a psychological and physiological healing environment for those who cannot go to a natural forest due to mobility difficulties by providing them visual forest stimulation experiences in a digital environment. It is also expected that the results will be the basis for forest healing in the digital environment and virtual reality programs will help forest healing activities.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.529-552
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the matter as to how the meaning of the physical therapeutic landscape by water, which is associated with physical, cultural, spatial, and economical aspects, appears in the space centering on women and is to look into the feminine factors in term of a rest area, consideration, and imagery for women. From a perspective of a rest area for women, the meaning of a physical aspect is remarkable and is materialized in thermal waters and bathing, atmosphere, subsidiary facilities and safe nightlife. According to these phenomena, female visitors are able to feel freedom, power, which can return themselves to the best condition by thermal waters, therapeutic equipments provided in a watering place continuously, safe protection and exchange with strangers with an open mind. And the cultural aspect of the therapeutic landscape by water is discovered in consideration for women. It is the fact that joins the Japanese culture based on consideration towards others to the traditional culture of hot springs by itself. For example, women can feel various pleasure, experience the protection or the support by someone and pursuit not only physical beauty but also mental or spiritual one through welcome bus, service of Okami san and Nakai san, decorations, funny installments and secure of private space. Lastly, the imagery of women can be identified in cultural, spatial, and economical aspects extensively somewhat and is embodied by advertising mediums, signs of hot springs, shrines, objets and products variously. It is made into healthiness, relaxation, comfort, familiarity and image that are realized to love or are connected to a happy marriage life. To sum up the results, the healing or therapeutic elements for women appearing in hot springs are gathered to some abstraction such as freedom, safe, effect beyond the body, pleasure, durability of healing or therapy, beauty and hope; furthermore, if these abstraction are combined each other closely, the effect of healing or therapy, which transforms anxiety into a stable condition, can be exposed externally.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-76
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to identify the contents and satisfaction level of the patients received home care service, and to compare the differences of the contents by the characteristics of the patients. Seventy eight patients received home care service from 1st Jan. to 30th Sept., 1996 were data-collected to analyze the contents and outcomes of home care service. Sixty-nine patients currently receiving home care service were participated to evaluate the satisfaction level of home care service. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, $x^2$ test, and ANOVA by SPSS $PC^+$ program. The findings of this study were as follow : 1. The contents & outcomes of home care service 1) The mean age of the subjects was 64.4 years: 58% of them were female. Those who living in Seoul were 83% and the rest of the subjects was living in Kyung-Gi. 2) The subjects who had one diagnosis were 41%. Over 60% of them had the disease of neurologic & sensory system. 3) The mean number of visit was 6. Only one visit was 22%. The mean time of care was 79 minutes. Duration of visit from 31 minutes to 60 minutes were 47 %. The subjects who terminated the visit because of death were 67.3%. 62% of the persons who referred them to the home care service were nurses. 4) The pain after the service was more relieved than before. The amounts of intake, the degree of bed sore, edema & fracture after the service were more improved than before. Health status after the service was improved in general. 5) There were significant differences between initial and last conscious level in tracheostomy care & oxygen inhalation care. There was significant difference between initial and last degree of activity in blood sugar check. 6) There were significant differences on the number of visit in assessment of the status, evaluation & observation, vital sign check, skin care, injection, medication, bed sore care, colostomy care, relaxation therapy for pain relief, patient education, family care, exercise therapy, position change, supply of disinfected equipments and infection control. There were significant differences on visiting time in nasogastric tube care, drainage tube care and oxygen inhalation care. 2. The satisfaction level of home care service 1) 50% were male. Over 60 years of the subjects was 61 %. Those who living in Seoul were 82%. 2) The subjects who had one or two diagnosis were 32% respectively. 55% of the persons who referred them to the home care service were nurses. 3) Total level of satisfaction of home care service was very high. 4) The older the age, the higher the satisfaction level. The larger the number of visit, the higher the satisfaction level. 5) The subjects who were in cloudy state were higher level of satisfaction than in alert or coma state. The subjects whose activity were normal or who needed assistance were higher level of satisfaction than bedridden or immobilized subjects. These findings suggested that the patients had substantial need for posthospital care. They tended to be elderly and to have experienced the wide range of health problems associated with aging, chronicity, including limitations in activities, and other serious health problems. So, the nationwide home care systems beyond the limit of demonstration program by local association and the development of the effective financial system of home based health care are necessary for the clients who are in need of home care.