• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

Relaxation technique is an independent nursing intervention used in various stressful situations. Relaxation techniques must be explored regarding relaxing imaginations used by the people in their traditional life experiences. So for Korean relaxation techniques to become culturally acceptable and effective imaginations of relaxation must be developed. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in relaxation levels of Koreans according to five relaxation imaginations and five groups and to analyze the factors influencing relaxation techniques for Korean people. The subjects were 38 hospitalized patients, 21 rural residents, 56 housewives, 16 researchers and 59 nursing students. Data were collected from September 4 to October 24, 1991 by interview or self-re-port questionnaires. The measurement tool was the graphic rating scale of relaxation levels. The data analysis was done by percent, ANOVA and Scheffe test using the SAS program. The. results of study are summerized as follows : 1. The relaxation level of Koreans was significantly different for the five relaxation imaginations (F=5.95, P=0.0001). Relaxation level of ‘after bathing imagination’ was 6.90, ‘in bed imagination’ was 6.55, ‘in the mountain imagination’ was 6.01, ‘snow and fireplace imagination’ was 5.84 and ‘at the seashore imagination’ was 5.80. As a result of the Scheffe test, ‘after bathing imagination’ was found to show a higher relaxation level than ‘at the sea-shore imagination’ ‘in the mountain imagination’ and ’snow and fireplace imagination(P〈.05). 2. The relaxation levels of the Koreans were not different for the five groups(F=1.26, P=0.29). 3. There were no differences in the relaxation level of the koreans according to sex, age, place of residence, place of residence during childhood, marital status, religion or educational status. In conclusion, Korean people prefer the ‘relaxation imagination of after bathing’ to western style relaxation imagination of ‘at the seashore imagination’ and ‘snow and fireplace imagination’.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2001

The relaxation response is a state of profound rest, creates physiological responses directly opposite to the stress response. The relaxation response can be used to counteract the harmful effects of stress. The relaxation response can be elicited by a number of techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, biofeedback, etc. These relaxation methods in any mental or physical conditions associated with distress and even in normal people have useful benefits for stress control and health enhancement. These relaxation techniques are but one part of a comprehensive stress management program, through regular and continuous practice appropriate for each person, they will make an effective role in stress management. In this review, author reviewed how to practically use meditation, progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training, in more detail. In the treatment of various stress-related disease, especially in psychiatric disorders, the relaxation technique may be a useful complement to conventional treatment and serves as an intervention between stress and disease.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Objectives : Headache is a clinical symptom that more than 90% of all individuals experience during their life time. This article provides a current concept of tension-type and migraine headaches and summarizes the effects of biofeedback treatment and/or relaxation techniques. Methods : The following terms were used for Pubmed/Medline search : biofeedback, relaxation, physiological, behavioral, nonpharmacological, headache, tension-type headache, and migraine. A review of references from relevant literature was also conducted to collect reports not identified in the Pubmed/Medline search. Interviews with experts on biofeedback were also included in this review. Results : Headache is a psychophysiological symptom that can be treated by some behavioral interventions including biofeedback and relaxation. Literatures on biofeedback and/or relaxation have consistently reported significant therapeutic effects on headaches. Important factors that we have to consider, when we apply to headache patients with biofeedback and relaxation techniques, were also presented. Conclusion : The available evidence suggests that biofeedback and relaxation techniques are effective treatments for the patients with headaches and can be provided to the patients as monotherapy or combination therapy with medication.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

This study analyzed the differences in the analysis techniques through a comparative analysis of the various segment's modeling techniques of Shield TBM method and proposed reasonable modeling techniques. Also, this study suggested reasonable estimating methods of load to be applicable in the field through the load analysis and three-dimensional finite element analysis by estimating model of rock mass relaxation load. Estimating method of relaxation area by rock mass rating makes no odds of output in subgrade with high rock mass rating, but so the difference of output is large, that is judged to set conservative design off. In estimating result of rock mass relaxation area by three-dimensional analysis relaxation area of subgrade with low-grade soil was predicted to be positioned at medium-range of many methods, in case of designing segment in subgrade with low-grade soil it needs to actively review estimation of relaxation area through three-dimensional analysis reflecting mechanical tunnel excavation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.668-672
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• 2004

Upon Debye's dielectric relaxation theory, we tried simple determination method of trap level in organic EL materials. From dielectric measurements in the 20 Hz - 1 MHz frequency range and in the 150 K - 320K temperature range, the depth of traps in Alq$_3$ filled with remaining electrons was determinated. Comparing to other determination techniques like TSL, or TL, the apparatus all we need is just simple LCR meter, thermometer and cooling method(liquid nitrogen). The mean activation energy is about 0.20 eV. It is in good agreement with previous determinations by other techniques like TSL. This results consolidate the validity of Burrow's transport mechanism model. Further intensified experiment with UV light on the dielectric absorption(Photodipolair effect) was nevertheless disturbed by the photoconductivity component.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.445-450
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• 2010

Objectives: Emotional support and a stress management program should be simultaneously provided to clients as effective preventive services for healthy behavioral change. This study was conducted to review various relaxation and meditation intervention methods and their applicability for a preventive service program. Methods and results: The author of this paper tried to find various relaxation and meditation programs through a literature review and program searching and to introduce them. The 'Relaxation Response' and 'Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)' are the most the widely used meditative programs in mainstream medical systems. Abdominal breathing, Progressive Musclular Relaxation (PMR), Relaxative Imagery, Autogenic Training (AT) and Biofeedback are other well-known techniques for relaxation and stress management. I have developed and implemented some programs using these methods. Relaxation and meditation classes for cancer patients and a meditation based stress coping workshop are examples of this program. Conclusions: Relaxation and meditation seem to be good and effective methods for primary, secondary and tertiary preventive service programs. Program development and standardization and further study are needed for more and wider use of the mindbody approach in the preventive service area of medicine.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-288
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• 2004

This paper presents a fuzzy relaxation labeling approach incorporated to the fuzzy logic fusion scheme for the classification of multi-sensor remote sensing images. The fuzzy logic fusion and iterative relaxation labeling techniques are adopted to effectively integrate multi-sensor remote sensing images and to incorporate spatial neighboring information into spectral information for contextual classification, respectively. Especially, the iterative relaxation labeling approach can provide additional information that depicts spatial distributions of pixels updated by spatial information. Experimental results for supervised land-cover classification using optical and multi-frequency/polarization images indicate that the use of multi-sensor images and spatial information can improve the classification accuracy.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.757-770
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• 1999

We analyse in this paper the possibility of using preconditioning techniques as for square non-singular systems, also in the case of inconsistent least-squares problems. We find conditions in which the minimal norm solution of the preconditioned least-wquares problem equals that of the original prblem. We also find conditions such that thd Kaczmarz-Extendid algorithm with relaxation parameters (analysed by the author in [4]), cna be adapted to the preconditioned least-squares problem. In the last section of the paper we present numerical experiments, with two variants of preconditioning, applied to an inconsistent linear least-squares model probelm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise therapy and relaxation therapy on the level of ACTH and cortisol in workers and to determine, from this information, the effectiveness of applied exercise therapy and relaxation therapy as a nursing intervention method for workers experiencing stress. Method: The subjects were divided into an exercise therapy group. a relaxation therapy group, and a control group. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design (exercise therapy : n=12. relaxation therapy: n=12, control group, the group without exercise or relaxation therapy: n= 12). The subjects in the exercise therapy group were given a particular intensity for each kp over 30 min, bicycle ergometer which uses the LX PE training system before and after four weeks of training. The subjects did 60-70% exercise intensity exercise therapy for eight weeks The relaxation therapy subjects were trained using a modified Jacobson's relaxation technique for eight weeks. The exercise and relaxation therapy groups were trained at the following intensity for eight weeks (3 times/week, 30 min/day). Changes in the levels of ACTH and cortisol were identified. Two-way ANOVA and multiple range test (SNK: Student Newman Keul) were used to examine the effects of exercise therapy and relaxation therapy at four and eight weeks. Result: 1. Changes in the level of ACTH in the relaxation therapy group were statistically significant at .05 level, and were better than that of the exercise therapy group after eight weeks. But there was no significant difference between the exercise therapy group and the control group. 2. Change in the level of cortisol in the relaxation therapy group were statistically significant at .05 level as compared to the exercise therapy group and the control group after four weeks, but not after eight weeks. Also, the relaxation therapy was statistically significant at .05 level after four weeks compared to before treatment, but there was a tendency toward increased cortisol after eight weeks. Conclusion: Relaxation therapy was found to be more effective in stress treatment than exercise therapy and as such is a desirable nursing intervention method for stress hormone reduction in workers.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles in order to establish optimal contraction intensity and duration in the performance of relaxation techniques for maximal increase in range of motion. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2016. The search terms were "contract relax," "hold relax," "muscle energy technique (MET)," and "proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying intensity and duration of isometric contraction were included. Non-English language and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: A total of 2,156 articles were initially identified, with only five eventually meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three studies compared the effects of varying intensity in isometric contraction and two studies compared the effects of varying duration in isometric contraction with regard to range of motion (ROM). Two articles suggested that submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was more effective than maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the improvement of ROM. One article showed that a longer contraction time led to greater increases in ROM. Conclusion: Submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was recommended during contract-relax exercises in healthy people. Lack of evidence makes it difficult to suggest the optimal duration of isometric contraction during relaxation techniques. For future research, high-quality evidence will be needed to establish the optimal contraction intensity for maximum improvement of ROM.