• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 1993

Relaxation technique is an independent nursing intervention used in various stressful situations. Relaxation techniques must be explored regarding relaxing imaginations used by the people in their traditional life experiences. So for Korean relaxation techniques to become culturally acceptable and effective imaginations of relaxation must be developed. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in relaxation levels of Koreans according to five relaxation imaginations and five groups and to analyze the factors influencing relaxation techniques for Korean people. The subjects were 38 hospitalized patients, 21 rural residents, 56 housewives, 16 researchers and 59 nursing students. Data were collected from September 4 to October 24, 1991 by interview or self-re-port questionnaires. The measurement tool was the graphic rating scale of relaxation levels. The data analysis was done by percent, ANOVA and Scheffe test using the SAS program. The. results of study are summerized as follows : 1. The relaxation level of Koreans was significantly different for the five relaxation imaginations (F=5.95, P=0.0001). Relaxation level of ‘after bathing imagination’ was 6.90, ‘in bed imagination’ was 6.55, ‘in the mountain imagination’ was 6.01, ‘snow and fireplace imagination’ was 5.84 and ‘at the seashore imagination’ was 5.80. As a result of the Scheffe test, ‘after bathing imagination’ was found to show a higher relaxation level than ‘at the sea-shore imagination’ ‘in the mountain imagination’ and ’snow and fireplace imagination(P〈.05). 2. The relaxation levels of the Koreans were not different for the five groups(F=1.26, P=0.29). 3. There were no differences in the relaxation level of the koreans according to sex, age, place of residence, place of residence during childhood, marital status, religion or educational status. In conclusion, Korean people prefer the ‘relaxation imagination of after bathing’ to western style relaxation imagination of ‘at the seashore imagination’ and ‘snow and fireplace imagination’.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2001

이완반응은 갚은 휴식상태를 말하며, 소위 스트레스반응으로 불리는 투쟁-도피 반응의 생리적 변화와 반대되는 생리적 변화를 일으키게 된다. 따라서 인위적으로 이완반응을 일으킴으로써 이러한 스트레스 반응을 상쇄시킬 수 있다. 이러한 이완반응을 일으킬 수 있는 복식호흡, 명상, 점진적 근육이완기법, 자율이완훈련, 생체되먹이기법 등의 다양한 이완기법들이 제시되어 왔으며, 이들은 다양한 신체, 정신 질환뿐만 아니라 정상적인 스트레스 관리 프로그램에 있어서도 마음과 신체의 안녕을 위해 유익한 도움을 줄 수 있음이 알려져 있다. 이러한 이완기법들은 스트레스 관리를 위한 전체적 과정의 한 부분으로 이해되어야 할 것이며, 자신에 맞는 적절한 기법을 찾아 지속적인 훈련을 함으로써 효과적인 스트레스 관리 방법으로서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 저자는 명상, 점진적 근육이완기법, 자율이완훈련 및 기타 이완기법에 대한 보다 구체적이고 실제적인 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 스트레스와 관련된 다양한 신체, 정신 질환들에 대한 치료적 접근을 함에 있어서, 전통적 치료 방법에 병합하여 이완기법을 사용함으로써 스트레스와 질병 사이의 조절자로 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2006

연구목적 : 두통은 일생 동안 90% 이상의 사람들이 경험하게 되는 임상 증후군이다. 이 논문은 긴장성두통과 편두통의 현재의 개념과 바이오피드백 치료 및 이완요법에 대해 요약하였다. 방법: Pubmed/Medline 검색에 포함된 용어는 바이오피드백(biofeedback), 이완(relaxation), 생리적(physiological), 행동적 (behavioral), 비약물의 (nonpharmacological), 두통(headache), 긴장성두통(tension-type headache), 그리고 편두통(migraine)이었다. 검색되지 않은 저술 중 적절한 논문과 바이오피드백을 수행하는 전문가의 의견도 포함시켰다. 결과 : 두통은 바이오피드백 및 이완요법을 포함한 행동치료적 개입에 의해 치료될 수 있는 정신생리장애(psycho-physiological disorder)로 볼 수 있다. 두통에서 이러한 치료들을 통해 임상적 호전을 보인다는 보고들이 지속되고 있다. 또한, 환자에게 실제 적용 시 고려할 점도 제시하였다. 결론: 바이오피드백 치료와 이완요법은 단독 또는 약물치료와 함께 두통 환자에게 제공될 수 있는 효과적인 치료법으로 제안된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 쉴드 TBM 공법의 다양한 세그먼트 모델링 기법에 따른 비교 해석을 통하여 해석기법에 따른 차이를 분석하고 이에 따른 합리적인 모델링 기법을 제안하였다. 또한 암반 이완하중 산정모델에 따른 하중 분석 및 3차원 유한요소해석을 통하여 실제 현장에서 적용 가능한 합리적인 하중산정 방법을 제시하였다. 암반분류에 의한 이완영역의 산정방법은 암반등급이 높은 지반에서는 결과의 차이가 크지 않으나 지반등급이 낮은 지반에서는 그 차이가 매우 크게 나타났으며, 3차원 해석에 의한 이완영역 산정결과 지반등급이 낮은 지반의 이완영역은 각 방법의 중간 정도 범위에 위치할 것으로 예측되었으며 지반등급이 낮은 지반의 세그먼트 계획 시에는 기계식 터널 굴착 특성을 반영한 3차원 해석을 통한 이완영역의 산정을 적극 검토할 필요가 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.668-672
• /
• 2004

Upon Debye's dielectric relaxation theory, we tried simple determination method of trap level in organic EL materials. From dielectric measurements in the 20 Hz - 1 MHz frequency range and in the 150 K - 320K temperature range, the depth of traps in Alq$_3$ filled with remaining electrons was determinated. Comparing to other determination techniques like TSL, or TL, the apparatus all we need is just simple LCR meter, thermometer and cooling method(liquid nitrogen). The mean activation energy is about 0.20 eV. It is in good agreement with previous determinations by other techniques like TSL. This results consolidate the validity of Burrow's transport mechanism model. Further intensified experiment with UV light on the dielectric absorption(Photodipolair effect) was nevertheless disturbed by the photoconductivity component.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 2010

Objectives: Emotional support and a stress management program should be simultaneously provided to clients as effective preventive services for healthy behavioral change. This study was conducted to review various relaxation and meditation intervention methods and their applicability for a preventive service program. Methods and results: The author of this paper tried to find various relaxation and meditation programs through a literature review and program searching and to introduce them. The 'Relaxation Response' and 'Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)' are the most the widely used meditative programs in mainstream medical systems. Abdominal breathing, Progressive Musclular Relaxation (PMR), Relaxative Imagery, Autogenic Training (AT) and Biofeedback are other well-known techniques for relaxation and stress management. I have developed and implemented some programs using these methods. Relaxation and meditation classes for cancer patients and a meditation based stress coping workshop are examples of this program. Conclusions: Relaxation and meditation seem to be good and effective methods for primary, secondary and tertiary preventive service programs. Program development and standardization and further study are needed for more and wider use of the mindbody approach in the preventive service area of medicine.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.275-288
• /
• 2004

이 논문은 다중 센서 원격탐사 화상의 분류를 위해 퍼지 논리 융합과 결합된 relaxation labeling 방법을 제안하였다. 다중 센서 원격탐사 화상의 융합에는 퍼지 논리를, 분광정보와 공간정보의 융합에는 반복적인 relaxation labeling 방법을 적용하였다. 특히 반복적 relaxation labeling 방법은 공간정보의 이용에 따른 분류 화소의 변화양상을 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있다. 토지 피복의 감독 분류를 목적으로 광학 화상과 다중 주파수/편광 SAR 화상에 제안 기법을 적용한 결과, 다중 센서 자료를 이용하고 공간정보를 함께 결합하였을 때 향상된 분류 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.757-770
• /
• 1999

We analyse in this paper the possibility of using preconditioning techniques as for square non-singular systems, also in the case of inconsistent least-squares problems. We find conditions in which the minimal norm solution of the preconditioned least-wquares problem equals that of the original prblem. We also find conditions such that thd Kaczmarz-Extendid algorithm with relaxation parameters (analysed by the author in [4]), cna be adapted to the preconditioned least-squares problem. In the last section of the paper we present numerical experiments, with two variants of preconditioning, applied to an inconsistent linear least-squares model probelm.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.293-301
• /
• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise therapy and relaxation therapy on the level of ACTH and cortisol in workers and to determine, from this information, the effectiveness of applied exercise therapy and relaxation therapy as a nursing intervention method for workers experiencing stress. Method: The subjects were divided into an exercise therapy group. a relaxation therapy group, and a control group. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design (exercise therapy : n=12. relaxation therapy: n=12, control group, the group without exercise or relaxation therapy: n= 12). The subjects in the exercise therapy group were given a particular intensity for each kp over 30 min, bicycle ergometer which uses the LX PE training system before and after four weeks of training. The subjects did 60-70% exercise intensity exercise therapy for eight weeks The relaxation therapy subjects were trained using a modified Jacobson's relaxation technique for eight weeks. The exercise and relaxation therapy groups were trained at the following intensity for eight weeks (3 times/week, 30 min/day). Changes in the levels of ACTH and cortisol were identified. Two-way ANOVA and multiple range test (SNK: Student Newman Keul) were used to examine the effects of exercise therapy and relaxation therapy at four and eight weeks. Result: 1. Changes in the level of ACTH in the relaxation therapy group were statistically significant at .05 level, and were better than that of the exercise therapy group after eight weeks. But there was no significant difference between the exercise therapy group and the control group. 2. Change in the level of cortisol in the relaxation therapy group were statistically significant at .05 level as compared to the exercise therapy group and the control group after four weeks, but not after eight weeks. Also, the relaxation therapy was statistically significant at .05 level after four weeks compared to before treatment, but there was a tendency toward increased cortisol after eight weeks. Conclusion: Relaxation therapy was found to be more effective in stress treatment than exercise therapy and as such is a desirable nursing intervention method for stress hormone reduction in workers.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles in order to establish optimal contraction intensity and duration in the performance of relaxation techniques for maximal increase in range of motion. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2016. The search terms were "contract relax," "hold relax," "muscle energy technique (MET)," and "proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying intensity and duration of isometric contraction were included. Non-English language and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: A total of 2,156 articles were initially identified, with only five eventually meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three studies compared the effects of varying intensity in isometric contraction and two studies compared the effects of varying duration in isometric contraction with regard to range of motion (ROM). Two articles suggested that submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was more effective than maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the improvement of ROM. One article showed that a longer contraction time led to greater increases in ROM. Conclusion: Submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was recommended during contract-relax exercises in healthy people. Lack of evidence makes it difficult to suggest the optimal duration of isometric contraction during relaxation techniques. For future research, high-quality evidence will be needed to establish the optimal contraction intensity for maximum improvement of ROM.