• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.7A
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• pp.1017-1027
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a new coding method based on the distance between vertex segments for vertex positions in the vertex-based shape coding. The pixel lines are divided into the segments of a fixed length, and the segments that have vertex pixels are called vertex segments. We analyze the probability distribution of the relative distance between vertex segments and prove that it depends only on the ratio between the number of vertices and the number of segments. Considering the coding efficiency and implementation complexity, we choose a particular ratio to make a code table. For each input image, the segment size is chosen according tothe ratio, and the relative segment distances are entropy coded. It is shown that the proposed method is efficient for the images with many vertices.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 2004

The extent of codon usage in the protein coding genes of the mycobacteriophage, Bxz1, and its plating bacteria, M. smegmatis, were determined, and it was observed that the codons ending with either G and / or C were predominant in both the organisms. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that in both organisms, the genes were separated along the first major explanatory axis according to their expression levels and their genomic GC content at the synonymous third positions of the codons. The second major explanatory axis differentiates the genes according to their genome type. A comparison of the relative synonymous codon usage between 20 highly- and 20 lowly expressed genes from Bxz1 identified 21 codons, which are statistically over represented in the former group of genes. Further analysis found that the Bxz1- specific tRNA species could recognize 13 out of the 21 over represented synonymous codons, which incorporated 13 amino acid residues preferentially into the highly expressed proteins of Bxz1. In contrast, seven amino acid residues were preferentially incorporated into the lowly expressed proteins by 10 other tRNA species of Bxz1. This analysis predicts for the first time that the Bxz1-specific tRNA species modulates the optimal expression of its proteins during development.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.337-342
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• 1992

Spectroscopic diagnostics on reactive plasmas was carried out in a facing target sputtering unit with BaO +12Fe composite targets and 50% $O_2+$ Ar sputter gas. Spectra of rective plasmas were composed of peaks which were assigned to be Ba, B$a^+$, Fe, FeO, F$e^+$, Ar, $Ar^+$, O, $O^+$. As detecting positions in plasmas were far away from targets, the relative peak intensities of the ions and neutral species were decreased, but the relative intensities of the former decreased faster than those of the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.3 s.96
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• pp.164-173
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• 1999

Robot calibration needs accurate measurements of robot end-effector position at a number of different robot configurations. One of the efficient ways of the measurement is "Touching on Jig" method suggested in [7], which utilizes a touch sensor and a fixture consisting of various sizes of blocks. By moving the end-effector to touch the surface of a block whose position relative to the other is known, the end-effector position relative to the fixture coordinate system can be obtained at the instant of touching. However, the global size of fixture is too small to cover the various configurations of the robot. Because of the manufacturing difficulties, the fixture cannot be manufactured large enough for well distributed position measurement. It results in the improvement of robot accuracy only in the limited space near to the fixture rather than over the whole space of the robot working volume. The paper proposes a method to resolve the above problem by measuring the end-effector positions with respect to several different coordinate system using the same measurement devices. It is found that the proposed method leads the improvements of robot position accuracy over the large space of working volume. The experimental studies are performed to show the validity of the method and their results are discussed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2019

Solar observations often show that interaction of more than one flux rope is involved in solar eruptions. In this regard, Lau and Finn (1996) intensively studied the interaction of two flux ropes, which reside in between two parallel planes each mimicking one polarity region of the solar photosphere. However, this geometry is quite far from the real solar situation, in which all feet of flux tubes are rooted in one surface only. In this paper, we study the interaction of two flux ropes in a semi-infinite region above a plane representing the solar photosphere. Four cases of the flux rope interaction are investigated in our MHD simulation study: (1) parallel axial fields and parallel axial currents (co-helicity), (2) antiparallel axial fields and parallel axial currents (counter-helicity), (3) parallel axial fields and antiparallel axial currents (counter-helicity), and (4) antiparallel axial fields and antiparallel axial currents (co-helicity). Each case consists of four or six subcases according to the background field direction relative to the flux ropes and the relative positions of the flux rope footpoints. In our simulations, all the cases eventually show eruptive behaviors, but their degree of explosiveness and field topological evolutions are quite different. We construct artificial emission measure maps based on the simulations and compare them with images of CME observations, which provides us with information on what field configurations may generate certain eruption features.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

In this paper, we designed and implemented a program to measure and to judge the accuracy of yoga postures using Azure Kinect. The program measures all joint positions of the user through Azure Kinect Camera and sensors. The measured values of joints are used as data to determine accuracy in two ways. The measured joint data are determined by trigonometry and Pythagoras theorem to determine the angle of the joint. In addition, the measured joint value is changed to relative position value. The calculated and obtained values are compared to the joint values and relative position values of the desired posture to determine the accuracy. Azure Kinect Camera organizes the screen so that users can check their posture and gives feedback on the user's posture accuracy to improve their posture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1984

Recently, Hybrid Navigation Systems combining Omega, NNSS, Loran C and Dead reckoning etc. served to give us highly accurate ship's position, and a number of ships are equipped with these navigation systems. In order to evaluate for the accuracy of this navigation system observations of Loran C, 5970 and 9970 chains and Radar at the same time were made on board m.s Jeonbuk 401 and 403 training ships of Gunsan Fisheries Collage at nine stations in the yellow sea from July, 1982 to June, 1983, and then were done by the Hybrid Navigation System combining Dead reckoning and Loran C at the same areas. The authors investigated the accuracy of the Hybrid Navigation System based on measurements of the relative positional error which is defined as the difference between the position fixed by this system or the Loran C system, and the one by the Radar. The obtained results are as follows; 1. The mean standard deviation of the time difference of Loran C were about 0.21$\mu$s in 9970 chain and about 0.06$\mu$s in 5970 chain, and the fluctuation of the time difference of Loran C in 5970 chain was smaller than that in 9970 chain. 2. The positional error between two positions by Radar and the Hybrid Navigation System in 9970 chain was about 0.4 miles, and between two positions by Radar and Loran C was about 0.51 miles. The Hybrid Navigation System was therefore more accurate than Loran C System. 3. The positional error between two positions by Radar and Hybrid Navigation System in 5970 chain was about 0.4 miles, and between two positions by Radar and computer simulation of Loran C was about 0.98 miles. Consequently, Hybrid Navigation System was more accurate than computer simulation of Loran C system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2015

This paper presents a rank-based formation for multiple agents based on potential functions, where the proposed method uses the relative position of two neighboring agents. The conventional formation scheme of multiple systems requires communication between agents and a central computer to get the positions of all multiple agents. In the study, differently from previous studies, the formation scheme uses the relative position of two neighboring agents in a local coordinate system. In addition, it introduces a singular agent association that considers only the relative position between an agent and its neighboring agents, instead of multiple associations among all information about all agents. Furthermore, the proposed framework explores the benefits of different formation types. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed approach verifies the viability and effectiveness of the proposed formation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.4 s.47
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• pp.945-956
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• 1994

In the past the jaw and occlusal relationship in centric occlusion were merely considered in case of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. As the fact that functional disturbance of the temporomandibular joint may be caused by occlusal interference was recognized, the importance of functional occlusion and centric relation is emphasized today. Known the importance of centric relation, there are various opinions about definition of centric relation and its taking methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative centric condyle position and to compare the reproducibility of the recordings utilizing different centric relation records obtained by different taking methods. The 15 adults with normal occlusion were participated in this study. Every four centric relation records were taken in each of three methods - leaf gauge, Dawson and myomonitor method. Then the relative centric condyle position, the distance between the condylar position in centric occlusion and the position in centric relation and the reproducibility were studied using SAM 2 articulator and mandibular position indicator. The results were as follows ; 1. The trend of condyle position was different depending on centric relation taking methods. 2. The position of condyle in centric relation by leaf gauge and Dawson methods was superior to that by myomonitor method, and the position by myomonitor method was relatively antero-inferior. 3. The distance between the condylar positions in centric occlusion and the position in centric relation was longest in myomonitor method. 4. The reproducibility had little differences in transverse direction among three methods, while leaf gauge method showed the highest reproducibility and myomonitor method did the lowest reproducibility in antero-posterior and supero-inferior direction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.602-609
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• 2016

In a smart society, politicians analyze the big data of voters to build a favorable political positions. In other words, a variety of digital footprints uploaded in SNS or Internet are used to set the election strategies and political directions. In comparison, it is difficult for voters to extract intention information about how politicians are performing a political acts. Therefore, it is important that voters need to analyze what intention of politicians are like for two way interaction between voters and politicians. For this, in this paper, we want to do the identification by analyzing IT technologies to narrative styles of politicians who pursue relative advantages or gains compared to other competitors. The experiments will be carried out to identify about what relative advantages compared to other competitors by narrative styles of next presidential candidates who are expected to run into the next presidential election by analyzing the usual audio interviews.