• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.339-355
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• 2006

In this paper, we reviewed the assessment criteria and conservation value used to evaluate vegetation. The Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) and the Grade of Vegetation Conservation (GVC) are both sets of criteria that estimate the degree of human disturbance or natural value of vegetation. The criteria are extensively used in decision-making about the natural environment conservation and environment impact assessment. Sometimes, social issues can rise because the criteria are not clear. This study aims to evaluate the criteria based on the many aspects of the related literatures and suggest reasonable revised criteria. In addition, criteria for representing the relative value of valuable vegetation conservation are suggested. The DGN and GVC are essentially same; both have 11 degrees and 5 grades. While the DGN is subdivided into levels of anthropogenic disturbances, the GVC indicates the priority for conserving valuable vegetation. Therefore, the DGN is very useful for assessing land development projects, etc., while the GVC is needed to delineate the Ecological Assessment Map(EAM). In conclusion, it is desirable that both criteria should be used together appropriately.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

The design criteria of ventilating container is not provided yet in Korea. This caused strength reduction due to the ventilating hole and bad ventilating performance. The purposes of this study were to survey the present situation of ventilating container in Korea, to analyze the strength reduction on the atmosphere condition variation, and to provide the criteria for the optimum design of ventilating container. The ventilating area of container was $1.41{\sim}2.65%$, and strength reduction due to the varied pattern, size and location of ventilating hole was $8.5{\sim}20.2%$. The effect on the strength reduction from the pattern and location of ventilating hole was bigger than that from the ventilating area. Equilibrium arrival time of temperature and relative humidity was shorter as the ventilating area was bigger, and temperature reached to the equilibrium state earlier than the relative humidity. There was no significant difference on the ventilating hole pattern between equilibrium arrival time of temperature and relative humidity and equilibrium arrival temperature and relative humidity if the ventilating area was the same.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.365-377
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• 2008

In this study, PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations) which is one of the multi criteria decision making methods is applied to estimate the relative inundation risk of the urban subcatchment. For this purpose, several factors which have an effect on the inundation risk are selected and used to perform PROMETHEE. Those are elevation average, slope average, density of conduit, population and sediment yields per unit area of each subcatchment. Based on them, PROMETHEE is performed and the relative inundation risk for each subcatchment is estimated. For the validation of the suggested method, the results from the suggested method are compared with the historical inundation records occured on 1998 and the relative inundation risk estimated by the method considering sediment yields per unit area only. From the comparison, it is found that the suggested method may generate better results to estimate the relative inundation risk of each subcatchment than the method considering sediment yields per unit area only. Also, it can be applied to establish a rehabilitation order of subcatchments for mitigating the inundation risk.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.229-247
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to improve the effectiveness of the e-journal process in libraries and information organizations by identifying the relative priority of each criterion in the e-journal consortium. To identify criteria in the process, this study employed a content analysis of previous studies on e-journal and consortium. A total of 73 criteria were found, and these were classified into three categories and 21 sub-categories. Then, the relative weight of each criterion was calculated using an AHP technique. This technique is one of useful tools for collecting experts' opinions. The AHP findings indicated that the cost of the e-journal was the most important criterion in the e-journal consortium. This is followed in priority by users' needs, usage statistics, and others. Using these findings, librarians and information professionals might be able to identify priorities in the e-journal work process, and to improve the effectiveness of the process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the evaluation categories, areas, attributes, and criteria of the school food service program using both a qualitative and a quantitative analyses, (2) define the relative importance of the evaluation categories, areas, attributes, and criteria of the school food service program using analytic hierarchy process, (3) organize the evaluation system to improve quality of the school food service in Korea. A survey was conducted from August to October 2004 to collect data from 172 dietitians, 15 school food service officials at the educational board, 10 professionals of school food service. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS 12.0 for Windows and Excel, such as Descriptive statistics and analytic hierarchy process was performed. The result of the analytic hierarchy process indicated that relative importance of evaluation category was 0.4319 (food service manage ment), 0.2369 (nutrition education), 0.1455 (satisfaction) and 0.0912 (parent involvement program). 'Sanitation, safety and facility (0.1739)' was the most important area among the subcategories of food service management, followed by nutrition management (0.1581), procurement (0.1375), production (0.1345), organization and personnel management (0.0662), planning (0.0644), food service evaluation (0.0585), financial accountability (0.0555), and information management (0.0554). There existed a relative importance on the three areas of the nutrition program and satisfaction evaluation category: students (0.5281, 0.6221), parents (0.1812, 0.1491), and teachers (0.1838, 0.1618). In the parent involvement program evaluation category, relative importance of committee and monitoring management was 0.4658 and information communication was 0.3724. The quality of food and service to school children can be improved by the appropriate application of the developed evaluation tool for the school food service program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

AIMS: Korean National Growth Chart was newly developed at 2007. Prevalence of obesity is expected to be changed according to reference data. This study was performed to compare the prevalence of obesity based on the newly developed growth curve with that of previous data. We also investigate the incidence of obesity, overweight, and normal criteria by two kinds of growth curves. Method: We obtained weight, height from 438 middle school students and 1786 high school students. We divided enrolled students into four groups (middle school boys, middle school girls, high school boys, high school girls). The obese, over weight group was defined as BMI(body mass index) more than 95th, 85th${\sim}$94th percentile respectively for age and sex. Obesity by relative weight was defined more than 20% of ideal body weight. We compare the prevalence of obesity in each group by the newly developed Korean National Growth Chart in 2007 and that in 1998. Result: Prevalence of obesity by BMI based on 2007 Korean National Growth Chart and that in 1998 were 8.2-12.9% and 9.0-20.4% respectively. The concordance rate were 99.0%-100% in obese group and 45.0%-91.9% in overweight group according to two kinds of reference data. Prevalence of obesity by relative weight was 11.7-23.0% that was same between 2007 Korean National Growth Chart and that in 1998 except middle school boys group. Conclusion: We found that there is a decrease in prevalence of Obesity by BMI based on 2007 Korean National Growth Chart. It is necessary to evaluate correlation between criteria for obesity and obesity related comorbid conditions for finding proper BMI or relative weight cut off value to prevent obesity and obesity related complications effectively.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2001

A virtual shopping mall is like a real-world mall, supports electronic shopping by selling products or services through Interne. Although increasing numbers of products are being marketed on the Web, little efforts has been spent on evaluating what mall is more suitable for marketing electronically and for protecting consumers. Evaluation of virtual shopping malls is regarded as a major task in business-to-consumer electronic commerce. This paper considers the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method in the evaluation of virtual shopping malls and provides its applications. The AHP is a systematic procedure for representing the elements of any problem, hierarchically. A series of pairwise comparison judgments is performed to express the relative strength or intensity of impact of the elements in the hierarchy. The AHP model hierarchy consists of the four following levels: decision maker, main criteria, sub-criteria, and virtual shopping malls. the main criteria include the state of physical firms, representation of information on the virtual shopping malls, product or service, convenience for shopping, consumer protection, and consumer service. The total number of sub-criteria in the third level is twenty-nine. All decision makers selected belong to virtual shopping mall enterprises, or universities. As a case study, we show the synthesized priority of the five virtual shopping malls that have acquired an E-Trust mark. Finally a sensitivity analysis shows how well each virtual shopping mall performs on each criterion by increasing or decreasing the importance of the main criteria.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.208-217
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• 2015

The exact diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is very important in the treatment of hypertension. The purpose of our study is to determine the relationship between left ventricular remodeling patterns and electrocardiography (ECG) findings in hypertensive patients. We divided 137 patients into four groups according to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and the relative wall thickness: normal, concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy. LVH on the ECG was defined by three ECG criteria: Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria, Cornell voltage criteria and Romhilt-Estes point score. LVH on the echocardiography was defined by LVMI. The prevalence of ECG LVH was increased in concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy group. The QRS voltages by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria (r = 0.494, P = 0.002) and Cornell voltage criteria (r = 0.628, P < 0.001), and Romhilt-Estes point score (r = 0.689, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with LVMI. Also, the QRS voltages and point scores were significantly increased in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy group with increased LVMI. The QRS voltage and Romhilt-Estes point scores were positively correlated with LVMI. The QRS voltages and Romhilt-Estes point scores were also increased in the left ventricular remodeling groups with increased LVMI.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.203-210
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• 2002

The transmission pipeline industry spends many millions of dollars annually performing inline inspections, excavating sites of possible corrosion, and repairing or replacing damaged sections of pipe. New criteria fur evaluation of the integrity of corroded pipe have been developed in recent years to help in controlling these costs. These new criteria vary widely in their estimates of integrity and the most appropriate criterion fur a given pipeline is net always clear. This paper presents an overview, comparison and evaluation of acceptability criteria for corrosion deflects in pipelines. By full scale burst tests, this paper has assessed the relative accuracy of each of theses criteria in predicting burst pressure. Many of the criteria appear to be excessively conservative and indicate that deflects must be repaired when none is needed, based upon burst test data.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2013

The trends of the criteria air pollutants' concentrations over Seoul are reviewed, relative contributions of major sources are discussd, and directions for future air quality management are suggested. It was shown that the yearly average concentrations of the criteria air pollutants except nitrogen dioxide and ozone have decreased significantly over the last three decades. Though the concentration of nitrogen dioxide has not decreased, the concentration of $NO_x$ has decreased significantly. The major reason for the reduction of the criteria air pollutants has been strict government regulations such as establishment of strict emission standards and switch to cleaner fuels. However, it is not clear the major reason (s) for the reduction of the $PM_{10}$ concentration. It is suggested that to further reduce the concentrations of secondary air pollutants such as ozone and $PM_{2.5}$, understanding the major chemical pathways for them is essential. In addition, influence from outside Seoul should be quantified and effectively controlled.