• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2015

We propose a real time user interface that utilizes emotion recognition by physiological signals. To improve the problem that was low accuracy of emotion recognition through the traditional EEG(ElectroEncephaloGram), We developed a physiological signals-based emotion recognition system mixing relative power spectrum values of theta/alpha/beta/gamma EEG waves and autonomic nerve signal ratio of ECG (ElectroCardioGram). We propose both a data map and weight value modification algorithm to recognize six emotions of happy, fear, sad, joy, anger, and hatred. The datamap that stores the user-specific probability value is created and the algorithm updates the weighting to improve the accuracy of emotion recognition corresponding to each EEG channel. Also, as we compared the results of the EEG/ECG bio-singal complex data and single data consisting of EEG, the accuracy went up 23.77%. The proposed interface system with high accuracy will be utillized as a useful interface for controlling the game spaces and smart spaces.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.647-652
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• 2008

This paper focused on the application of finite element model updating technique to evaluate the structural properties of the reinforced concrete specimen using the data collected from shaking table tests. The specimen was subjected to six El Centro(NS, 1942) ground motion histories with different Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA) ranging from 0.06g to 0.50g. For model updating, flexural stiffness values of structural members(walls and slabs) were chosen as the updating parameters so that the converged results have direct physical interpretations. Initial values for finite element model were determined from the member dimensions and material properties. Frequency response functions(i.e. transfer functions), natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained using the acceleration measurement at each floor and given ground acceleration history. The weighting factors were used to account for the relative confidence in different types of inputs for updating(i.e. transfer function and natural frequencies). The constraints based on upper/lower bound of parameters and sensitivity-based constraints were implemented to the updating procedure in this study using standard bounded variable least-squares(BVLS) method. The veracity of the updated finite element model was investigated by comparing the predicted and measured responses. The results indicated that the updated model replicates the dynamic behavior of the specimens reasonably well. At each stage of shaking, severity of damage that results from cracking of the reinforced concrete member was quantified from the updated parameters(i.e. flexural stiffness values).

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

Objectives We have investigated a questionnaire on syndrome differentiation pertaining to obesity. To calculate data from this questionnaire, we can simply sum up the degree of symptoms. However, this does not reflect the difference in contribution of syndrome differentiation. In order to improve the level of precision of this questionnaire, we gather the weight of each symptom from experts and apply them to overweight persons. Method Nine Experts from The Society of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research nominated weights for the symptoms. We created a program based on weight survey results and applied to 1487 overweight persons and 26 oriental medical doctors. The concordance rate between the result obtained from the oriental medical doctors and that obtained using three methods was analyzed. Results 1. The reliability of this questionnaire is very high (Cronbach' ${\alpha}$=0.963). 2. The concordance level between diagnosis by oriental medical doctors and the result of general calculation is 0.347, between diagnosis by oriental medical doctors and the result of weighted calculation by syndrome differentiation is 0.362, between diagnosis by oriental medical doctors and the result of weighted calculation by symptoms is 0.1. Conclusions Weighted calculation by syndrome differentiation is relative more appropriate among three methods studied.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.725-731
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• 2008

This paper focused on the application of finite element model updating technique to evaluate the structural properties of the reinforced concrete specimen using the data collected from shaking table tests. The specimen was subjected to six El Centre (NS, 1942) ground motion histories with different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ranging from 0.06 g to 0.50 g. For model updating, flexural stiffness values of structural members (walls and slabs) were chosen as the updating parameters so that the converged results have direct physical interpretations. Initial values for finite element model were determined from the member dimensions and material properties. Frequency response functions (i.e. transfer functions), natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained using the acceleration measurement at each floor and given ground acceleration history. The weighting factors were used to account for the relative confidence in different types of Inputs for updating (j.e. transfer function and natural frequencies) The constraints based on upper/lower bound of parameters and sensitivity-based constraints were implemented to the updating procedure in this study using standard bounded variable least-squares(BVLS) method. The veracity of the updated finite element model was investigated by comparing the predicted and measured responses. The results indicated that the updated model replicates the dynamic behavior of the specimens reasonably well. At each stage of shaking, severity of damage that results from cracking of the reinforced concrete member was quantified from the updated parameters (i.e. flexural stiffness values).

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 1997

Temporal and spatial comparisons of acid mine drainage contaminated waters are difficult because of the complex physico-chemical nature of the pollutant. In the present study, an acid mine drainage index has been developed and evaluated for the assessment of surface waters. AMD index is calculated using a modified arithmetic weighted index using seven parameters which are most indicative of AMD contamination, i. e. pH value, sulphate, iron, zinc, aluminum, copper and manganese. Weighting is used to express the relative indicator value of each parameter. The proposed AMD index is used to quantify contamination from acid mine drainage over ten different old mine sites and assess the degree of impact on surface on surface waters. As a result of AMD evaluation, the Sukbong Mine located near the Moonkyung province showed lowest AMD value indicating the worst acid mine drainage quality. In overall, Youngdong mine sites showed higher contaimination compared to the other mine sites including Youngsuh, Choongbu, Suhbu and Nambu area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.291-306
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• 2011

It is important to evaluate the environmental effect before performing the project and it should be tried to minimize the negative effects through the project planning based on the evaluation. This study aimed to determine environmental criteria and suggest the procedure for evaluating and scoring the environmental change through water resources projects. In evaluation criteria it was involved in water quality, landscape and ecosystem. And we suggested a valuation indicator and utility functions using MAUT in each criteria determined. In assessment procedure, it is involved in quantitative or qualitative estimation at before and after of project. Meanwhile, we suggested that it is desirable to determine the relative weighting of criteria whenever individual project's assessment performed for considering characteristics of the project. To this end, we verified the applicability of the procedure suggested on case. From this study, it will be used in decision making process of water resource project involved in environmental attributes.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.99-115
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• 2000

This study was conducted to get a resonable set of budget allocation to public health programs. Matrix Delphi technique was used to obtain the logic of study results and eventually to form a human model which could predict opinion of professionals on budget allocation. Thirty-two professionals in academic and governmental area responded to Delphi survey. Questionnaire was developed using matrix formation, and the matrix was formed by 6 decision criteria on budget allocation and 26 public health programs. The decision criteria are as following: size of problem(morbidity), severity of problem, social equity, importance of prevention, technical feasibility and efficiency of programs. Severity of problem dropped out of the model because it had significant correlation with the size of problem. A total score of each program was obtained by weighting the relative importance of each criteria which also were given by survey respondents. These total scores indicate that the most important public health program is vaccination for infants and children in terms of budget allocation. Monitoring communicable diseases, mental health program, and anti-smoking program are the next. In addition, respondents were asked of the desirable budget size of each program. The result was rearranged by multiple regression model using the scores of each decision criteria. In this process, the current budget size of central government was provided to the respondents, and included in the model. h set of desirable budgets modified using tile model was obtained. Considering the current size of budget, tile results of the model is very different from that of the total score. Managing dementia is ranked the first. Health promotion program for the elderly, rehabilitation of the disabled and monitoring communicable diseases are the next. The need to increase the budget of vaccination for the infants and children was not found as so high. The matrix structure in Delphi survey gave us the precise basis to make optimal decision, and made it possible to develop an opinion predicting model. However the plentifulness and diversity of professional opinions were not fully obtained due to the limited number of decision criteria.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2016

The statistical measures of the coastal environmental data are used in a variety of statistical inferences, hypothesis tests, and data-driven modeling. If the measures are biased, then the statistical estimations and models may also be biased and this potential for bias is great when data contain some outliers defined as extraordinary large or small data values. This study aims to suggest more robust statistical measures as alternatives to more commonly used measures and to assess the performance these robust measures through a quantitative evaluation of more typical measures, such as in terms of locations, spreads, and shapes, with regard to environmental monitoring data in the Busan coastal sea. The detection of outliers within the data was carried out on the basis of Rosner's test. About 5-10% of the nutrient data were found to contain outliers based on Rosner's test. After removal (zero-weighting) of the outliers in the data sets, the relative change ratios of the mean and standard deviation between before and after outlier-removal conditions revealed the figures 13 and 33%, respectively. The variation magnitudes of skewness and kurtosis are 1.36 and 8.11 in a decreasing trend, respectively. On the other hand, the change ratios for more robust measures regarding the mean and standard deviation are 3.7-10.5%, and the variation magnitudes of robust skewness and kurtosis are about only 2-4% of the magnitude of the non-robust measures. The robust measures can be regarded as outlier-resistant statistical measures based on the relatively small changes in the scenarios before and after outlier removal conditions.

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-144
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• 2010

In new sample design for Korea Housing Survey to research about housing policy, total strata are forty five because individual results of sixteen regions are estimated. The sample size is determined by sample errors of several variables which are the living area, family income, householder income, and living expenses. The sample size of each region is determined by relative standard error of existing result, and the strata sample size is to use the square root proportion allocation. Enumeration districts are sampled by the probability proportion to size systematic sampling in proportion to the enumeration district size, and the systemic sampling to use assortment characteristics. We considered a new apartment complex because of variation reflections which are rebuilder and redevelopment of houses. To get estimators of mean and variance, we used the design weighting, non-response adjusting, and post-stratification. In order to consider estimation efficiency, we calculate the design effect using estimators of variance.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2013

A sequential pattern mining is finding out frequent patterns from the data set in time order. In this field, a dynamic weighted sequential pattern mining is applied to a computing environment that changes depending on the time and it can be utilized in a variety of environments applying changes of dynamic weight. In this paper, we propose a new sequence data mining method to explore the stream data by applying the dynamic weight. This method reduces the candidate patterns that must be navigated by using the dynamic weight according to the relative time sequence, and it can find out frequent sequence patterns quickly as the data input and output using a hash structure. Using this method reduces the memory usage and processing time more than applying the existing methods. We show the importance of dynamic weighted mining through the comparison of different weighting sequential pattern mining techniques.