• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.529-547
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• 2022

Graphene is one of the strongest, stiffest, and lightest nanoscale materials known to date, making it a potentially viable and attractive candidate for developing lightweight structural composites to prevent high-velocity ballistic impact, as commonly encountered in defense and space sectors. In-plane twist in bilayer graphene has recently revealed unprecedented electronic properties like superconductivity, which has now started attracting the attention for other multi-physical properties of such twisted structures. For example, the latest studies show that twisting can enhance the strength and stiffness of graphene by many folds, which in turn creates a strong rationale for their prospective exploitation in high-velocity impact. The present article investigates the ballistic performance of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) nanostructures. We have employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, augmented further by coupling gaussian process-based machine learning, for the nanoscale characterization of various tBLG structures with varying relative rotation angle (RRA). Spherical diamond impactors (with a diameter of 25Å) are enforced with high initial velocity (V_i) in the range of 1 km/s to 6.5 km/s to observe the ballistic performance of tBLG nanostructures. The specific penetration energy (E_p^*) of the impacted nanostructures and residual velocity (V_r) of the impactor are considered as the quantities of interest, wherein the effect of stochastic system parameters is computationally captured based on an efficient Gaussian process regression (GPR) based Monte Carlo simulation approach. A data-driven sensitivity analysis is carried out to quantify the relative importance of different critical system parameters. As an integral part of this study, we have deterministically investigated the resonant behaviour of graphene nanostructures, wherein the high-velocity impact is used as the initial actuation mechanism. The comprehensive dynamic investigation of bilayer graphene under the ballistic impact, as presented in this paper including the effect of twisting and random disorder for their prospective exploitation, would lead to the development of improved impact-resistant lightweight materials.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2018

중국 만주지역은 백두산이라는 거대한 화산이 존재하는 지질학적, 지구물리학적으로 중요한 곳이다. 백두산은 전 세계에서 규모가 가장 큰 화산 중 하나이며, 최근 분화 조짐이 보이면서 사람들의 관심이 집중되어 있다. 본 연구는 중국 만주지역의 하부 깊이 약 100 ~ 600 km 사이의 속도구조를 파악하기 위해 S파 상대주시 토모그래피를 수행하였다. 연구에는 IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology)에서 제공하는 Necess Array (North East China Extended SeiSmic Array)에 기록된 2009 ~ 2011년 기간 동안 진앙거리 $30^{\circ}$ 이상 $90^{\circ}$ 미만의 지진 자료를 사용하였다. 획득한 자료들에 다중채널 상호상관법(multi-channel cross-correlation method)을 적용함으로써 상대주시를 계산하였다. 그 결과 중국 만주 지역에 분포하는 화산지대와 토모그래피 이미지에서 나타나는 저속도 이상체의 위치가 동일함을 관측하였다. 백두산 하부 100 ~ 600 km 사이에 저속도 이상이 발견되었으며 이 저속도 이상체는 백두산의 마그마 공급과 연관이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 서쪽에 다통 화산지대 동쪽 하부 300 km 부근까지, 북쪽에 우달리안치 화산지대의 경우 하부 200 km 부근 까지 저속도 이상이 발견되었다. 이 저속도 이상체는 백두산의 형성과 생성원인이 다르며, 다통 화산지대 동쪽 저속도 이상의 경우 깊은 맨틀에서의 상승류에 의해 생성되었을 가능성이 있으며, 우달리안치 화산의 경우 연약권에 상승류에 의해 생성된 것으로 판단된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) and driving performance of relatively aged and high-experienced drivers. The subjects included 26 taxi drivers; 12 males aged $56.3{\pm}4.4$ with $28.4{\pm}6.4$ years of driving experiences and 14 females aged $55.5{\pm}3.5$ with $19.4{\pm}5.0$ years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a constant following distance (30m) from the car ahead and a given vehicle speed (80km/h or 100km/h) in a driving simulator. The relative change of SCL, vehicle velocity deviations, and average following distances were measured during driving only and driving with secondary tasks. The relative change of SCL, average following distance, and vehicle velocity deviation were more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. The relative change of SCL, vehicle velocity deviation, and average following distance were more affected by driving with 100km/hr than 80km/hr of a given vehicle speed. Secondary tasks increased a work load of drivers in term of SCL change, and decreased driving performance in terms of the vehicle velocity deviation and average following distance.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2005

The present study investigated the effect of relative position of the blade on blade surface heat transfer. The experiments were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel with a stationary annular turbine cascade. The test section has a single turbine stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length of the blade is 150 mm and the mean tip clearance of the blade is $2.5\%$ of the blade chord. The Reynolds number based on blade inlet velocity and chord length is $1.5{\times}105$ and mean turbulence intensity is about $3\%$. To investigate the effect of relative position of blade, the blade at six different positions in a pitch was examined. For the detailed mass transfer measurements, a naphthalene sublimation technique was used. In general, complex heat transfer characteristics are observed on the blade surface due to various flow characteristics, such as a laminar flow separation, relaminarization, flow acceleration, transition to turbulence and tip leakage vortices. The results show that the blade relative position affects those heat transfer characteristics because the distributions of incoming flow velocity and turbulence intensity are changed. Especially, the heat transfer pattern on the near-tip region is significantly affected by the relative position of the blade because the effect of tip leakage vortex is strongly dependent on the blade position. On the pressure side, the effect of blade position is not so significant as on the suction side surface although the position and the size of the separation bubble are changed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1417-1431
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• 1994

본 연구에서 삼축압축시험기를 이용하여 낙동강유역 모래에 대한 상대밀도, 전단변형어속도, 구속압력의 변화에 의한 전단강도 특성을 고찰하였다. 그리고 Lade 모델과 수정 Lade 모델의 결과는 실험에 의하여 비교하였다. 전단변형제어속도, 상대밀도 그리고 구속압력변화에 의한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 낙동강유역의 모래에 대해 Coulomb의 식을 이용할 수 있는 응력의 한계는 변형제어속도가 0.08%/min일 때 120~200 kpa이고 0.5%/min일 때 120~150 kpa의 범위로 고찰되었다. 이들 한계범위들은 석회질 모래나 양입도의 석영질 모래에 비해 적게 나타났다. 2) 변형제어속도와 상대밀도 모두가 Lade 모델과 수정 Lade 모델에 필요한 매개변수에 많은 영향을 미친다. 따라서 현장에서는 하중조건과 지반조건을 정확히 파악하여 적절한 매개변수를 사용하는 것이 중요하다. 3) 변형제어속도와 상대밀도의 변화에 따른 구성모델식에 의한 파괴시 주응력비는 전반적으로 변형제어속도에는 큰 영향을 받지 않으나, 상대밀도와 구속압력이 구성 모델식의 결과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 낙동강유역의 모래에 대한 응력-변형거동의 정확한 예측을 위해서는 다양한 조건에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 4) Lade 모델과 수정 Lade 모델에서 결정된 파괴시 주응력비와 파괴포락선의 내부마찰각을 실측치와 비교한 결과, 본 연구에서 사용된 구속응력 범위내에서는 Lade 모델이 수정 Lade 모델보다 평균적으로 실측치에 더 근접함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

The relative site amplification factors in southern Korea were determined from coda waves using coda normalization method. The seismograms of 15 events at 79 stations were used in this study. Seismogram envelopes were obtained by the Hilbert transform of bandpass-filtered velocity seismograms with frequency bands at 1-2Hz, 2-4Hz, 4-8Hz, 8-l6Hz and 16-32Hz. The envelopes were stabilized by application of moving-average scheme with time window of 1 second. The relative amplitudes of seismogram envelope were computed by dividing the amplitude of seismogram envelope at one site by the amplitude of seismogram envelope at reference site. The relative site amplification factors were obtained by taking averages of the relative amplitude. Values of relative site amplification factors in southern Korea are generally low in western area and high in eastern area.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2005

A functional suspension model is proposed as a kinematic describing function of the suspension, that represents the relative wheel displacement in polynomial form in terms of the vertical displacement of the wheel center and steering rack displacement. The relative velocity and acceleration of the wheel is represented in terms of first and second derivatives of the kinematic describing function. The system equations of motion for the full vehicle dynamic model are systematically derived by using velocity transformation method of multi-body dynamics. The comparison of test and simulation results demonstrates the validity of the proposed functional suspension modeling method. The model is computationally very efficient to achieve real-time simulation on TMS 320C6711 150 MHz DSP board of HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) system for ECU (electronic control unit) evaluation of semi-active suspension.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.42-45
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• 2002

General wheel mark in mono-crystalline silicon wafer finding is able to be expected because it depends on radius ratio and angular velocity ratio of wafer and wheel. The pattern is predominantly determined by the contour of abrasive grits resulting from a relative motion. Although such a wheel mark is made uniform pattern if the process parameters are fixed, sub-surface defect is expected to be distributed non-uniformly because of characteristic of mono-crystalline silicon wafer that has diamond cubic crystal. Consequently it is considered that this phenomenon affects the following process. This paper focused on kinematic analysis of wafer grinding process and simulation program was developed to verify the effect of process variables on wheel mark. And finally, we were able to predict sub-surface defect distribution that considered characteristic of mono-crystalline silicon wafer

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.939-943
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• 2004

The side and rear-side collision warning system using fuzzy control algorithms is discussed in this paper. Common rearside warning system has many problems. For example if target vehicle comes into the warning area, it must unconditionally warn. Drivers could be interrupted by it. To solve the problem, I divided measuring area into two sections. One section is blind area of vehicle and the other rear-side area. For blind area, obtained data was filtered inefficient warning signal by using relative velocity method. For rear-side area, a fuzzy logic algorithm is used to recognition of obstacles. According to our experiment relative velocity method and fuzzy logic algorithms were very efficient.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2006

Cam mechanisms are one of the most popular devices for generating irregular motion and are widely used in many automatic equipments, such as textile machinery, internal combustion engines and other automatic devices. In order to obtain the positive motion of follower by rotating cam, its shape should be correctly designed and manufactured. In present paper, a CAD/CAM system is developed for shape design of disk cams using relative velocity method and NC code generation using the biarc curve interpolation. And, a disk cam is successfully manufactured by the developed CAD/CAM system. Thus, it is shown that the developed CAD/CAM system can be used for high precision cam profile CNC grinding machine.