• 제목/요약/키워드: Relative Orientation Parameters

검색결과 57건 처리시간 0.023초

수열합성법을 이용하여 우선 배향된 ZnO 나노와이어 성장 및 발광 특성 (Growth and UV Emission of Preferred Oriented ZnO Nanowires Using Hydrothermal Process)

  • 김종현;임연수;김성현;조진우;정대용
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제21권12호
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    • pp.660-665
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    • 2011
  • 1-D ZnO nanowires have been attractive for their peculiar properties and easy growth at relatively low temperature. The length, diameter, and density of ZnO nanowires were determined by the several synthetic parameters, such as PEI concentration, growth time, temperature, and zinc salt concentration. The ZnO nanowires were grown on the <001> oriented seed layer using the hydrothermal process with zinc nitrate and HMTA (hexamethylenetetramine) and their structure and optical properties were characterized. The morphology, length and diameter of the nanowires were strongly affected by the relative and/or absolute concentration of $Zn^{2+}$ and $OH^{-1}$ and the hydrothermal temperature. When the concentrations of the zinc nitrate HMTA were the same as 0.015 M, the length and diameter of the nanowires were $1.97{\mu}m$ and $0.07{\mu}m$, respectively, and the aspect ratio was 28.1 with the preferred orientation along the <001> direction. XRD and TEM results showed a high crystallinity of the ZnO nanowires. Optical measurement revealed that ZnO nanowires emitted intensive stimulated UV at 376 nm without showing visible emission related to oxygen defects.

비디오 프레임 영상으로부터 제작된 자유 입체 모자이크 영상의 실좌표 등록 (Geocoding of the Free Stereo Mosaic Image Generated from Video Sequences)

  • 노명종;조우석;박준구;김정섭;고진우
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2011
  • 고중복도 비디오카메라 영상을 이용하여 GPS/INS 및 지상기준점 자료 없이 제작되는 자유 입체 모자이크 영상은 기준 프레임 영상의 3차원 모델좌표계로 표현되는 상호표정요소를 이용하여 제작될 수 있다. 이와같이 제작된 자유 입체 모자이크 영상으로부터 결정되는 3차원 좌표는 3차원 모델좌표계로 나타내게 된다. 따라서 자유 입체 모자이크 영상을 이용하여 절대좌표를 결정하기 위해서는 모델좌표계를 절대좌표계로 변환하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 일반적으로 서로 다른 두 개의 3차원 직각 좌표계간의 좌표변환은 3차원 상사변환(similarity transformation)이 사용된다. 하지만 자유 입체 모자이크 영상의 3차원 모델좌표는 원점으로부터 떨어질수록 오차가 누적되어 선형변환을 이용한 좌표변환을 수행하기 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 자유 입체 모자이크 영상의 모델좌표를 절대좌표로 변환하기 위한 3차원 비선형 변환 방법이 필요하다. 또한 절대좌표계로 표현된 수치지도와 입체 모자이크 영상을 중첩하여 사용하기 위해서는 자유 입체 모자이크 영상을 실좌표 입체 모자이크 영상으로 변환하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자유 입체 모자이크 영상의 3차원 모델좌표를 3차원 절대좌표로 변환하기 위한 3차원 비선형 변환 방법과 이 방법을 기반으로 자유 입체 모자이크 영상을 실좌표 입체 모자이크 영상으로 제작하기 위한 2차원 비선형 변환방법을 제안하였다.

Analysis of the Climate inside Multi-span Plastic Greenhouses under Different Shade Strategies and Wind Regimes

  • He, Keshi;Chen, Dayue;Sun, Lijuan;Huang, Zhenyu;Liu, Zhenglu
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.473-483
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    • 2014
  • In this work, the effects of shade combination, shade height and wind regime on greenhouse climate were quantified. A two-dimensional (2-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed based on an 11-span plastic greenhouse in eastern China for wind almost normal to the greenhouse orientation. The model was first validated with air temperature profiles measured in a compartmentalized greenhouse cultivated with mature lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 'Yang Shan'). Next, the model was employed to investigate the effect of shade combinations on greenhouse microclimate patterns. Simulations showed similar airflow patterns in the greenhouse under different shade combinations. The temperature pattern was a consequence of convection and radiation transfer and was not significantly influenced by shade combination. The use of shade screens reduced air velocity by $0.02-0.20m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, lowered air temperature by $0.2-0.8^{\circ}C$ and raised the humidity level by 0.9-2.0% in the greenhouse. Moreover, it improved the interior climate homogeneity. The assessment of shade performance revealed that the external shade had good cooling and homogeneity performance and thus can be recommended. Furthermore, the effects of external shade height and wind regime on greenhouse climate parameters showed that external shade screens are suitable for installation within 1 m above roof level. They also demonstrated that, under external shade conditions, greenhouse temperature was reduced relative to unshaded conditions by $1.3^{\circ}C$ under a wind speed of $0.5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, whereas it was reduced by merely $0.5^{\circ}C$ under a wind speed of $2.0m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Therefore, external shading is more useful during periods of low wind speed.

시추공 텔리뷰어 및 BIPS의 영상자료 해석을 통한 파쇄매질의 투수율텐서 계산 프로그램 개발 및 현장 적용성 평가 (Program Development to Evaluate Permeability Tensor of Fractured Media Using Borehole Televiewer and BIPS Images and an Assessment of Feasibility of the Program on Field Sites)

  • 구민호;이동우;원경식
    • 지질공학
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.187-206
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    • 1999
  • 시추공 텔리뷰어 및 BIPS의 공내 검층자료를 이용하여 파쇄매질이 나타내는 투수율텐서를 수치적으로 계산하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 본 프로그램은 검층자료의 분석을 통해 제공되는 불연속면의 방향과 두께등의 기하학적인 정보를 입력자료로 사용하며, EPM 모델에 근거한 관계식을 적용하여 투수율텐서를 구성하는 9개 성분의 상대적인 값을 계산한다. 거제시 일운면에 위치하는 연구지역 시추공을 대상으로 수리간섭 시험을 실시하여 암반의 이방성을 추정하였으며 BIPS 검층자료로부터 프로그램에 의하여 산정된 이론값과 비교, 분석하여 프로그램의 현장 적용성을 평가하였다. 수리간섭시험을 통하여 추정한 연구지역 암반의 수평적인 이방성비와 주축방향은 2.8 및 $N77^{\circ}CE$인 반면, 프로그램을 적용하여 산정한 값은 3.0 및 $N63^{\circ}CE$로 나타냈다. 두 결과가 불일치한 이유로는 수리간섭시험 해석결과의 신뢰성, EPM모델 및 3승법칙의 현장 적용성, 프로그램에서 가정한 단열의 크기-두께 관계식의 단순화 등의 문제점을 들 수 있다. 개발된 프로그램은 투수율텐서를 계산하는 초기모델로서 단열면의 거칠기, 충전물질의 충전정도 및 수리특성을 반영하는 수리인자의 적용을 통한 개선이 요구되며, 암반의 투수성이 양호하며 시추공 간의 거리가 가까운 연구지역에서 시추공간 수압시험을 실시할 때 3차원의 현장적용성 평가가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

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Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Products in Japan

  • Masaki Hitoshi
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2003
  • Two categories of cosmetic products, cosmetics and quasi-drugs, have been established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Japanese pharmaceutical law has defined that products categorized as cosmetics do not exhibit any effects on human skin. In fact, cosmetic products are not permitted to claim any efficacy. On the other hand, products in the quasi-drug category can claim several efficacies such as anti-inflammatory effects, whitening/lightning effects, hair growth effects and so on. Unfortunately, the Japanese MHLW has not yet approved the efficacy of anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects as a claim point. However, the population is aging, and the demand for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle products is increasing year by year. Japanese cosmetic companies have proposed to the MHLW that anti-aging/anti-wrinkle agents be approved as a claim concept of a quasi-drug. However, unified evaluation methods for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects have not been established. Currently, each company evaluates the efficacy of products/materials using their own original methods. Thus, to request approval of the MHLW, the establishment of a unified evaluation method is needed. Consequently, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has established a task force to develop guidelines for evaluating anti-wrinkle effects in 1998. In conclusion, the JCIA would like to adopt visual and image analysis scales to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects objectively. Generally, wrinkles are roughly classified into three groups as fine wrinkles, linear deep wrinkles and crow's feet. However, academic societies of dermatology or cosmetics have not yet established a definition of wrinkles in Japan. Thus, in advance of setting up an evaluation method, the definition of wrinkles f3r evaluation must be decided. Wrinkles are defined by the task force of the JCIA as follows; furrows that people can recognize visually and that appear on the forehead, the corners of the eyes and the backs of the neck with aging. In addition, furrows are emphasized by exposure to solar light and by dry conditions. Visual evaluation is the most sensitive method and can be applied to most types of wrinkles. However, visual evaluation is hard to express digitally as results. Besides, in the case of image analysis, comparisons of data obtained from distinct examinations can not be done, because data from image analysis are relative values. Thus, to enhance the reliability of the evaluations, the adoption of an objective scale was required. The principle of the evaluation method is to analyze images taken from silicone replicas of wrinkle areas using several parameters, such as the proportion of the wrinkle $area({\%})$, the mean depth of the wrinkles (mm), the mean depth of the deepest wrinkle (m) and the deepest point on the deepest wrinkle. Lights are shown on the skin replica from an orthogonal direction of the main orientation of the wrinkle, and the resulting shadow images are quantified by the image analysis method. To increase the precision of the data or to allow comparisons of independent examinations, a scale with furrows of several depths, 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1000{\mu}m$, is adapted in the evaluation system. I will explain the guidelines established by the JCIA in the presentation.

디지털 카메라를 이용한 사진기준점측량의 정확도 향상에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Accuracy Improvement of Control Point Surveying of Photograph Using Digital Camera)

  • 김계동;박정현;이용욱
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.203-211
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    • 2009
  • 국내 디지털카메라의 보급으로 항공사진측량에서 디지털 카메라의 비중이 높아지고 있으며, 영상지도 제작이나 수치지형도 제작에 활용이 증가되고 있다. 그러나 사진의 위치정보나 자세정보 등을 포함하지 못하는 경우가 있어, 보다 정확한 사진기준점 성과를 얻기 위해 추가적인 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 카메라(DMC)로 촬영된 5개코스 56매의 사진과 35점의 지상기준점 성과를 이용하여 자동접합점 추출에 필요한 사진주점의 위치정보를 지형도에서 얻어 초기치로 입력한 A방법과 4개의 기준점을 이용하여 1번의 블록조정을 거친 외부표정 요소를 초기치로 입력한 B방법에 대해, 독일 INPHO사의 사진기준점측량 소프트웨어인 MATCH-AT를 사용하여 기준점 배치별 성과에 대해 비교분석하였다. 연구결과, B방법에 의한 사진 기준점측량의 정확도가 더 양호하였고, 자가 검정을 더하여 블록조정을 실시함으로 보다 나은 성과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 자가검정을 사용하여 지상기준점의 수를 줄일 수 있으므로 측량비용 측면에서도 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

비외상성 피질하 뇌혈관 질환 환자에서 인지기능, 정신행동 증상 및 일상 생활 기능간의 상관에 대한 연구 (A Study on Correlations Among Cognitive Functions, Neurobehavioral Symptoms and Daily Living Functions in Patients with Non-Traumatic Subcortical Cerebrovascular Disease)

  • 이영호;박영수;최홍;최영희;고대관;정영조;박병관;김수지;정숙희;고병희;송일병;박건우;이대희
    • 정신신체의학
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.170-181
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    • 1996
  • Objective : This study was tried to investigate the specific relationships among cognitve function, neurbehavioral symptoms, and daily living functions, as well as provide the guidline of more proper clinical approches for patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Objects and Methods Subjects were 85 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT or MRI and controls were 195 normal persons matched by educational level with the subjects. The cognitive functions were evaluated by BNA(Benton neuropsychiatric assessment), subjective neurobehavioral symptoms by SCL-90-R(Sympton Check List-90-Revised), objective neurobehavioral symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function by GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument) and IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale). Results: 1) Subjects showed significantly lower cognitive functions than controls in all tests of BNA except Lt-Rt Orientation Test(p=0.09) and facial Recognition Test(p=0.186). 2) In subjective neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly lower scores in all symptoms except anxiety(p=0.059), hostility(p=0.159), and phobic anxiety(p=0.849). But in objects neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly higher in scores in psychoticism (p=0.000) and neuroticism(p=0.025) of NRS. 3) The score of social functioning of GERRI(p=0.000) and that of IADL(p=0.000) were significantly higher in subjects than in controls. 4) for correlation between cognitive and daily living functions, there were significant correlations between the scores of all items on BNA and the score of cognitive or social function of GERRI and the socre of MDL in corntrols, whereas in subjects, there were significant correlations only between the scores of BNA and the score of IADL. 5) for correlation between neuroehavioral symptoms and daily living functions, there were significant correlatons between the socre of subjective neurobehavioral symptoms and the scores of all subscales of GERRI and the score of MDL in controls. On the contrary, in subjects, there were significant correlations between the score of social function of GERRI and the score of objective neurobehavioral symptoms such as psychoticism, agitiation-hostility, and decrease d motivation-emotional withdrawl. Conclusion : Above results suggest that disturbances in specific function of brain may play a role as a predictor of impairments with specific daily living functions and also suggest that specific correlations among various functions may be useful as clinical parameters for setting of the treatment goal and for assessing the ongoing process in the treatment and rehavilitation of the patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease.

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