• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1687-1694
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• 2019

Background: Although cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is reported to have positive effects on mental functions such as depression and sleep improvement, detailed studies regarding awakening, attention and concentration among brain waves reflecting brain activity are lacking. Objective: To examine the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on various electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflecting brain activities. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: This study selected 30 healthy adult women in their 20s who volunteered for this experiment. A total of 30 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (Sham group, 0.5 Hz CES group, and 100 Hz CES group). EEGs were measured before and after the single CES, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results: The relative theta, alpha, and gamma waves indicated no significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group. The relative fast alpha wave only showed significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in P4. The relative slow beta wave only indicated statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in T3 and T4. The relative mid and fast beta waves showed statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in all areas. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CES of 0.5 Hz awakens consciousness and has a positive influence on brain activity, while a CES of 100 Hz has a positive influence on thinking activity accompanying mental load during concentrating on one subject.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.439-443
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 50% ethanol extract and its fractions from the branch of Rhododendron schlippenbachii. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed 59.98% and 55.17% of relative activity compared with positive control (ascorbic acid), but the 50% ethanol extract showed relatively low activity. In nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed 141.80% and 131.55% relative activity compared with ascorbic acid as used for positive control. On the other hand, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed about twice higher activity than positive control (arbutin). It means that the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions from the extract of R. schlippenbachii branch has ability for used as effective radical scavenger and tyrosinase inhibitor.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2011

Introduction: Many signal transduction pathways mediate cell's behavior by regulating expression level of involved genes. Abnormal behavior indicates loss of regulatory potential of pathways, and this can be attributed to loss of expression regulation of downstream genes. Therefore, function of pathways should be assessed by activity of a pathway itself and relative activity between a pathway and downstream genes, simultaneously. Results and Discussion: In this study, we suggested a new method to assess pathway's function by introducing concept of 'responsiveness'. The responsiveness was defined as a relative activity between a pathway itself and its downstream genes. The expression level of a downstream gene as a function of an upstream pathway activation characterizes disease status. In this aspect, by using the responsiveness we predicted potential progress in cancer development. We applied our method to predict primary and metastatic status of melanoma cancer. The result shows that the responsiveness-based approach achieves better performance than using gene or pathway information alone. The mean of ROC scores in the responsiveness-based approach was 0.90 for GSE7553 data set, increased more than 40% compared to a gene-based method. Moreover, identifying the abnormal regulatory patterns between pathway and its downstream genes provided more biologically interpretable information compared to gene or pathway based approaches.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 1999

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na in blood pressure, the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism were measured in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive subjects were classified into high renin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(HM) and low renin showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HM groups. It appeared that 25-(OH) Vit D3 level of HH group was significantly higher than LH group(p<0.05). There was significant difference in habitual intake of Ca between normotensive and LH groups. However, habitual intake of Na showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HH group. Positive correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.324, r=0.375) and urinary Ca(r=0.496, r=0.278) and a negative correlation of systolic blood pressure with habitual Ca intake(r=-0.371) existed(p<0.05). A relative magnitude of factors affecting hypertension was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable (systolic blood pressure) indicated that urinary Ca was the higher correlation in all subjects(p<0.0001), followed by age and aldosterone. PTH showed a significant correlation for relative influence on diastolic blood pressure in all subjects. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone had a mutual relationship in hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 1977

Irradiation with high doses of gamma rays induced the reduction of mycelial weight and anaylase activity, and increased relative amylase activity in surface cultures. Biphase in growth curves was shown in aeration-agitation cultures but the behavior of the first phase of growth could be eliminated by replacing the amylasehydrolysed starch substrates, so that enzyme production was shortened ca. 40 hours and relative amylase activity was increased about 3 times higher before onset of autolysis. In the effect of gibberellin on amylase production, the positive stimulation was appeared to only surface culturs of the liquid medium and the negative effect to shake-cultures in a mutant. Trials of various continuous culture were resulted not only the approalch to the value of amylase activity in surface cultures of liquid medium, but also higher productivity than in batch cultures. The culture-degeneration was observed in two-stage continuous culture, but did not appear in continuous elevation culture.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.437-442
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• 2014

In vitro biological activities of Aloe vera gel and skin extracts were evaluated. Total polyphenol contents of Aloe vera skin were measured 41.12 mg/g. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Aloe vera skin-70% EtOH extract, Aloe vera skin-water extract, Aloe vera gel-70% EtOH extract and Aloe vera gel-water extract were 55%, 38%, 11% and 10%, respectively. In addition, 70% EtOH extract and water extract were compared with respect to SOD-like antioxidant activity of Aloe vera-70% EtOH extract has higher activity than Aloe vera water extract. Tyrosinase inhibition rate of Aloe vera gel extract was higher than Aloe vera skin extract. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) relative percentage activity of Aloe vera gel extract were 126% and 216%, respectively. It was suggested that Aloe vera gel and skin extracts could be used as a functional biomaterial for functional food and cosmetics.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.515-522
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• 1995

The effects of the thyroid hormone ($T_3$) on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity were evaluated in a baby hamster kidney cell line, C100. The cells cultured in MEM were supplemented with 10% thyroid hormone-depleted fetal bovine serum (THDS-MEM) and had a 82.5% lower level of HMG-CoA reductase activity than the cells grown in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS-MEM). When $T_3$ was supplemented to THDS-MEM, the reduction of the reductase activity was blocked in a dose-dependent manner. In the cells grown in THDS-MEM containing $T_3$ at a concentration of $10^{-6}$ M, the level of HMG-CoA reductase activity was 91.8% relative to the cells grown in FBS-MEM. These changes in HMG-CoA reductase activity seemed to be at least partly due to the changes of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels. The level of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA in cells incubated in THDS-MEM decreased to 76.2% relative to the cells grown in FBS-MEM, while the level of reductase mRNA in cells incubated in THDS-MEM containing $T_3$ at a concentration of $10^{-6}$ M increased to 243.4% relative to the cells grown in FBS-MEM. The increase of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level after $T_3$ treatment may have been due to the increased stability of reductase mRNA, because the transcriptional rate of the reductase gene did not change significantly in the presence or absence of $T_3$. These results indicate that $T_3$ stabilizes HMG-CoA reductase mRNA at the posttranscriptional level and regulates HMG-CoA reductase activity in a dose-dependent manner.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.253-280
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• 1999

A cost analysis for hospitalized patients was performed based on the RBRVS in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee schedule. The study was conducted through three phases as follows: 1) Nursing activities provided for the inpatients currently in Korea were identified and classified using a taxonomy which was developed by our research team through the Delphi process. 2) The resource-based relative points for every nursing activity according to nursing time, mental effort and judgement, technical skill, physical effort and stress were determined through a survey of 300 clinical RNs working at 5 tertiary hospitals from May 25 to July 25. 1998. 3) The nursing cost of every nursing activity for hospitalized patients was estimated based on the RBRVS. As a result, 136 nursing activities were identified and classified by nursing processes and nursing domains. However, our classification system of nursing activities should continue to be refined, and all nursing practices should be standardized. The nursing activities were given resource-based relative points ranging from 100 to 400 points, then each nursing activity was assigned a value for the RBRVS, which was determined by the exponential function of 2resource-based relative point/100. Thus, a value of 2 was calculated for 100 points, 4 for 200 points, 8 for 300 points, and 16 for 400 points. Meanwhile, the unit cost of nursing was calculated as 170 Won. The nursing cost of 136 nursing activities was estimated using the RBRVS as shown in