• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.196-206
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze perfectism, interpersonal characteristic between the gifted & talented students and the general. The subject of this study were 112 the gifted students and 120 the general. They answered the questions about perfectism and interpersonal characteristic. To compare the gifted and general students' tendency, collected data was classified by their gender and grade. And correlation analysis was done in oder to analyze the relation between the gifted students' perfectism and interpersonal characteristic. The important results of this study were as follows. First, the grade gap of perfectism was not meaningful in both groups. Otherwise, the gender gap of perfectism was meaningful in both groups. Female's perfectism was higher than male's. And the gifted students' perfectism was higher than the general students'. Second, Differently, the gender gap of interpersonal characteristic was meaningful in the same group. Female had higher positive social-relationship, expression tendency than male. But female had lower competition-aggressiveness propensity than male. In the general group, the 6th grade students showed more positive role, social-relationship than 5th grade. And male showed more competition-aggressiveness propensity than female. Comparing the gifted and the general, the gifted had more dominant-superior, exhibitionistic-narcissistic propensity. It could be a reason of the gifted students' social problem. Third, among self-oriented perfectism and dominant-superior, independent-responsible propensity had meaningful correlation. Also socially-prescribed perfectism had influenced on dominant-superior, sociability-friendliness, exhibitionistic-narcissistic propensity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of PAHs in atmosphere and soil, and their relationship, accumulation tendency in soil, and its contain burden ratio (%) the PM$_{10}$ and soil were sampled adjacent to a roadside and analysed by HPLC from August 25th 1996 to September 22nd 1996 in Seoul and Kunggido area. The main results are summarized below 1. The concentration of PM$_{10}$ in the ambient air was showed in order of industrial region ($142.70\pm 21.77 \mu g/m^3$), commercial region ($136.51\pm 31.62 \mu g/m^3$), residential region ($110.12\pm 14.98 \mu g/m^3$), greenbelt region ($77.44\pm 12.12 \mu g/m^3$), respectively. 2. Distribution of PAHs concentration level in PM$_{10}$ and soil was showed in order of industrial region, commercial region, residential region, greenbelt region, respectively in all components. 3. The contain burden ratio (%) in PM$_{10}$ was attested that BbF was the highest contain burden component (21.7-32%) and An was the lowest contain burden component (0.35-1.95%) in all region. 4. The contain burden ratio (%) in soil was attested that Pb (20.5%) was the highest and An (0.8%) was the lowest contain burden component in industrial region and BbF (21.9%) and An (0.45%) were the same tendency in commercial region and Py (21.6%) and BkF (3.5%) were in residential region, Py (29%) and An (2.6%) were in greenbelt region. 5. The relationship between concentration of PAHs in PM$_{10}$ and soil was attested that the component of BbF (r=0.514) was very highly correlated, and there were significant in Fl and BaA in soil between industrial region and commercial region (P<0.05).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1997

This study was made with lateral cephalometric radiography of 28 skeletal class III malocclusion patients that were performed to setback surgery of mandible. The 28 patients were selected by four standards as follows. 1) Set-back amount of mandible is below 10 mm 2) No extrusion and intrusion of posterior tooth or alteration of interincisial angle at period of postoperative orthodontic treatment. 3) Change of mesial segment location of mandible on lateral cephalometrics 4) No genioplasty And 28 patients were divided to three group(1,2,3 group) by degree of preoperative occlusal plane angle to Burstone's horizontal plane. The preoperative occlusal plane angle, which of 1 group was smaller than $7^{\circ}$ and 2 group was between $7^{\circ}$ to $15^{\circ}$ and 3 group was larger than $15^{\circ}$. The results were as follows : 1. As the preoperative occlusal plane angle was larger, the degree of mandibular prognathism was not severe. 2. On comparsion of preoperative and immediate postoperative cephalometric analysis, specific relationship of occlusal plane angle and set-back amount of mandible was not present. 3. As the preoperative occlusal plane angle was smaller, the alteration of postoperative occlusal plane angle was increased tendency. As the preoperative occlusal plane angle was larger, the alteration of postoperative occlusal plane angle was decreased tendency. 4. The relapsed degree of B point distance to Vertical plane was not relationship to the degree of preoperative occlusal plane angle.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 1992

80 patients who presented at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital with craniomandibular disorders were collected for this study. To observe the occlusal contact pattern such as contact numbers, contact force and presence or absence of anterior occlusal contact, the author used T-Scan system (Tekscan, Inc, U.S.A.) with are computerized occlusal analysing system. And to study the correlation between craniofacial profile and occlusal contact pattern, cephalogram were also taken, The cephalometric items related to growth pattern, jaw bone relation and denture pattern were measured and analysed according to routine method by computerized program. The obtained data were statistically processed with SPSS/PC+ package about anterior contact pattern and its craniofacial relationship. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In terms of growth pattern, patients without anterior tooth contacts showed a tendency to downward growth of craniofacial profile. The value in this subjects were significantly different from the value of patients with anterior tooth contacts in items of low gonial angle, Jarabak ratio, SN to GoMe angle, FMA, occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle and ramus height. 2. In terms of jaw bone relationship, patients without anterior tooth contacts showed a tendency to backward growth of craniofacial profile. The value of this patients were significantly different from the value of patients with anterior tooth contacts in items of SNB, ANB, mandibular plane to anterior cranial base ratio, SNPo, NAPo and APDI items. 3. But in denture pattern, no statistically significant difference by the presence or absence of anterior tooth contacts were showed between this patients groups. 4. From this study, it could be proposed that anterior open bite in the patients with craniomandibular disorders would be originated from not dental discrepancy but skeletal discrepancy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest a countermeasure against a major cause that leads to game addiction, by grasping tendency of the actual condition for the online game use in freshmen for university and by analyzing relationship of game addiction according to factors. As a result of analyzing on relationship among sub-variables for game addiction, it could be known that the more men in gender leads to the more serious game addiction and that the longer game time given using once leads to the higher level in control loss and game addiction. Also, it was indicated that the more in group with high risk leads to the more serious in physical and mental problem. There is a suggestion that a scale related to game is developed for the expansion in counseling institution nationwide and for the preventive education targeting all the ages including undergraduates and adults as well as small children and children.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

This study confirm the value and the importance of the human sensibility study to add up the new meaning, and to suggest a new value of Korean sensibility study through the understanding of current statusand trend of the sensibility study in the space. The method of the study was to collect date related to the sensibility study and to analyze it focusing on its details. The date was collected from researches published on the website since the establishment of Korean Institute of Interior Design and Architectural Institute of Korea and selected at the keyword search comer. The data was extracted under keywords of research object, research purpose, research method, and analysis method. And then it was quantified with HAYASH lll program and used for analyses according to its pattern and feature. The study shows that nowadays categories representing the current status and trend of the sensibility studies in space consist of the environment, the human, and the space. The contemporary study for sensibility puts the importance on a object and a subject of the study like the environment harmonized with human and space, the humans the subject that essentially uses the spate, and the space for the architecture and the interior that puts human in. Accordingly, the study for human sensibility should develop into the study for the design focused on the intangible relationship such as 'information', 'elements for space design', 'sensibility' beyond the existing tangible categories of environment, human, and space. In addition, in the method ways of study and analysis, those studies for the sensible relationship are required to develop into new types of study applying research methods of various studies beyond the traditional border between human studies, social science, and natural science.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.156-165
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• 2018

Long-term trend analysis on air pollutant concentrations is very important to diagnose the present status and plan for the future. In this study, the long-term trends of $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were estimated based on the relationship between the visibility and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration regarding the effects of relative humidity in Seoul and Chuncheon. The relationships between the visibility and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration were derived from the measurement data in 2015 and 2016. Then, the annual trends of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration from 1982 to 2014 were estimated and compared to those of $PM_{10}$ concentration available in Seoul and Chuncheon. During the estimation process, four ranges of relative humidity were considered such as less than 30%, 31~50%, 51~70%, and 71~90%. In Seoul and Chuncheon, the visibility and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration generally have the inverse relationship while the visibility decreases as the relative humidity increases. The estimated $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations similarly showed the decreasing tendencies from 2006 to 2012 in Seoul and Chuncheon. However, the estimated $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations showed the increasing tendency before 2005 in Chuncheon in contrast to the decreasing tendency in Seoul. This implies that the long-term trends of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in different cities in South Korea reflect the local influencing factors. For example, 'Special Act on the Improvement of Atmospheric Environment in the Seoul Metropolitan Area' can affect the different long-term trends in Seoul and Chuncheon. The estimated $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were validated with the measured ones in Seoul and Chuncheon. While the general tendencies were well matched between the estimated and measured concentrations, the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration trends in 1990s and their monthly variations are needed to be improved quantitatively using more reference data for longer years.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.571-577
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pain and the weather. One hundred ninety three patients treated for pain were recruited for this study. All subjects completed a 8-item weather and pain questionnaire to find out whether the pain are related to change in the weather, Of all subjects, 126 patients(65.3%) believed that change in the weather affected their pain. Of theses 126 patients, 85 patients(67.5%) reported that their pain was affected before weather changes, 44 patients(34.9%) stated that their pain was affected during weather changes. Damp/Rainy(n=91, 72.2%) and cold(n=60, 47.6%) conditions were mostly considered to have influence on pain. Of all subjects, 125 patients(64.8%) believed that change in the weather affected their mood. In the female group, a tendency to have pain or mood sensitivity to change in the weather was significantly higher than the male group(p=0.006, p=0.003) In the non-religious group, a tendency to have pain or mood sensitivity to change in the weather was significantly higher than the religious group(p=0.006, p=0.004). Of the pain sensitive group to change in the weather, 97 patients(77.0%) reported that they also have mood sensitivity to change in the weather(p=0.000). In the pain or mood sensitive group to change in the weather, their pain intensity(VAS) was significantly higher than the other group(p=0.000, p=0.021). The results of this survey give support to the idea that most patients with pain believe that weather has an important impact on their pain. Further investigations are needed to identify the mechanisms involved in the effects of weather changes on pain.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2017

Background: Asian ginseng and American ginseng are functional foods that share a close genetic relationship and are well-known worldwide. This article aims to investigate the correlation between morphological characteristics and the inherent quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Methods: In this study, an ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method was established for the quantitative analysis of 45 ginseng samples. The method developed for determination was precise and accurate. Results: The results showed that Asian ginseng samples with the same growing time (with the same or similar number of stem scars) that had a thinner main root, a longer rhizome and more branch roots contained greater amounts of ginsenosides. For American ginseng, two tendencies were observed in the relationship between the diameter of the main root and contents of ginsenosides. One tendency was that samples with thinner main roots tended to contain higher levels of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-shen. Another tendency was that samples with thicker main roots contained higher contents of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-mian, as well as in samples of American ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China. Conclusion: An approach using ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS was successfully established to link morphology and active components for evaluating the quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Clear correlation between visible morphological features and quality of Asian and American ginsengs was found. People can see the difference; this means consumers and vendors can evaluate ginseng by themselves.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2020

Objectives : Mast cells, the multifunctional immune cells which can be activated by various stimulations, have been in the limelight recently at the fields of acupuncture research. This study aimed to investigate the association between the distribution of mast cell and acupoint specificity. We focused on the characteristics of mast cell distribution of acupoints in normal, pathologically sensitized, and acupoint-stimulated state. Methods : Literature searches were performed on PubMed and EMBASE for dates ranging to February 2019, by using terms "acupuncture", "moxibustion", "acupoint", "mast cell". Finally, 18 papers were collected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess the quality of included studies, modified SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies was used. Results : Overall, the studies showed that the number of the mast cells was higher in acupoints than non-acupoints. After pathological sensitization, increasing tendency towards the mast cell number was reported in acupoints. The increase of mast cells was also observed after acupuncture or moxibustion. However, when the acupoint stimulation was repeated for several days in pathological models, the results did not show consistent tendency. In quality assessments, most of the studies showed unclear risk of bias. Conclusions : The studies showed a consistent trend about the association with mast cell distribution and acupoint specificity. However, we could not certainly affirm the relationship due to insufficient qualities of included studies. Not only the distribution but also the functions should be considered in further researches to identify the relationship between mast cells and acupuncture effect.