• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intraoperative level of caring and anxiety among patients who underwent spinal surgery under local anesthesia. Methods: The study participants included 162 patients who had spinal surgery under local anesthesia at a general hospital in B metropolitan city between July 20 and September 20, 2014. To measure the caring behaviors of patients under local anesthesia, we used the Caring Behavior Measurement, and state anxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using a SAS program. The differences in anxiety levels based on participants' characteristics were analyzed with t-test and an analysis of variance. The correlation between levels of caring and anxiety was tested with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Education and caring levels showed significant relationship with the anxiety level of patients with spinal surgery under local anesthesia. Conclusion: To decrease the level of anxiety in patients undergoing spinal surgery under local anesthesia, it is necessary to educate and train operating nurses about the intra-operative caring behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2010

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of attachment security to social anxiety and depression. In addition, the mediating effect of self competency in relation to attachment security and the other variables was investigated. Methods: Data were collected from 194 students in grade 5 or 6, and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierachical multiple regression were used with SPSS/PC 12.0 program to analyze the data. The instruments used were Kerns, Klepac and Cole's Security Scale, La Greca & Stones' Revised Social Anxiety Scales for children (SASC-R), Cho and Lee's Korean form of Kovacs' children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Harter' Self-perception Profile for Children. Results: There were significantly negative effects between attachment security and the variables, social anxiety and depression. Also, self competency was negatively correlated with social anxiety and depression. Self competency had a significant mediating effect on the relation of social anxiety and depression to attachment security. Conclusion: For the effective management and prevention of social anxiety and depression in school-aged children, programs including strategies to increase self competency should be developed. These programs can increase self competency which has a mediator role between attachment security and the other variables (social anxiety and depression).

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 1992

The purpose of this is to find the anxiety score of OHS pt's family and general surgery pt's family and to offer basic data. The subjects of this study were 80 : 40 were OHS pt's family in Seoul Hospital and remaining 40 were OS pt's family in Capital Hospital. The data was collected between March 1, through May 30, 1992. The instruments used for this study were Zung's The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. The collected daLa were analyzed using percentage, descriptive statistics, $X^2-test$, t-test and Two-way Anova. The finding's were as followed: 1. Test of hypothesis "The anxiety score of the Ol-lS pt's family were similar to as pt's family" was rejected (L=0.772 P>.05) 2. The mean score of anxiety of the OHS pt's family was 1.772, The mean score of anxiety of the OS pt's family was 1,790. 3. The relationship between anxiety of the OHS pt's family and GS pt's family and family's age was significant (P<.Ol) and the relationship between anxiety and age interaction effect. (F=242.0 P<.01) In conclusion, the anxiety score of the OI-IS pt's finding and GS pt's family was all high.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.637-648
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• 2017

This study examined the moderating effect of self-forgiveness on the relationship between self-criticism and social anxiety among male and female college students. This study included 441 college students (211 male and 230 female students) with an average age of 22.2. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. As a result, the moderating effect of self-forgiveness on the relationship between self-criticism and social anxiety was significant for male students. A higher level of self-criticism tended to result in a higher level of social anxiety that was strengthened in the group of lower level of self-forgiveness versus a tendency for self-criticism to increase male social anxiety was weaker in the group with a higher level of self-forgiveness. However, the moderating effect of self-forgiveness was not significant in female students and only the main effect of self-criticism on social anxiety was significant. The results provide a basis to understand the psychological processes of social anxiety in college students. The results suggest the necessity to intervene and strengthen self-forgiveness as a protective factor to alleviate the negative effects of self-blame on social anxiety in male college students.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.165-179
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• 2024

This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on multicultural adolescents regarding feelings of This study examined the direct effect of socially prescribed perfectionism on interpersonal anxiety in upper elementary school students and the sequential mediating effect of dichotomous thinking and rejection sensitivity on this relationship. The sample comprised 306 upper elementary school students (grades 4 to 6; 149 boys, 48.7%) in Seoul, Incheon, and Busan. The Data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire completed by the participants and analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 and MPlus version 8.7 software. The analyses revealed three key findings. First the direct effect of socially prescribed perfectionism on interpersonal anxiety was not statistically significant. Second dichotomous thinking mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and interpersonal anxiety, whereas rejection sensitivity did not. Finally, socially prescribed perfectionism influenced interpersonal anxiety through the sequential mediation of dichotomous thinking and rejection sensitivity. In conclusion, although socially prescribed perfectionism does not directly influence interpersonal anxiety, children may experience interpersonal anxiety in situations involving dichotomous thinking due to socially prescribed perfectionism, leading to rejection sensitivity. These findings suggest that interventions for interpersonal anxiety in upper elementary school students should focus on psychological problems attributed to socially prescribed perfectionism.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Objective : This study used the HEXACO personality structure model to evaluate the relationship between personality profiles and symptoms in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Methods : Total 123 patients with depression or anxiety disorders completed Beck depression inventory (BDI), state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and HEXACO-personality inventory. Correlation analysis and independent t-test were performed for comparison between HEXACO and BDI or STAI scores. Results : Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experiences. Both severity of state and trait anxiety were positively correlated with emotionality, and negatively correlated with conscientiousness and agreeableness. Moreover, state anxiety was negatively correlated with honesty-humility, and trait anxiety was negatively correlated with extraversion. The depression group showed significantly higher emotionality and lower extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experiences, and agreeableness compared to the non-depression group. In a comparison of the HEXACO domain scores between the non-anxiety and anxiety group, honesty-humility and agreeableness in the state anxiety group and extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness in trait anxiety group were significantly lower. Conclusion : Theses results suggest that the depression or anxiety symptoms were highly correlated with personality profiles. Therefore, evaluating the personality profiles in these patients may be helpful for directing appropriate therapeutic plans.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to prepare the basic data for improving anxiety relevant to characteristics of pregnant women. The researcher has examined the degree of anxiety of pregnant women and relationship between the characteristics of Health Locus of Control(HLC) and the anxiety. This research was conducted among 202 pregnant women who visited two obstetric outpatient departments for antenatal care at University hospitals in Seoul and Pusan, from December 1, 1998 to January 10, 1999. The tools used for this study were questionnaire and Wallsston and Wallston's HLC Scale was used for measurement of anxiety. The result of this study was as follows; 1. The mean age was 29 years, proportion of women completed high school was 53.5%, the most and low class was the most, 81.2%, necleas family, the most, 92.1% and the most(70.3%)was the buddist. 2. 70.3% had experience of 1-2 pregnancy and 54.0%, the most had 1-2 child, 7-9 month pregnancy is the highest percentage, 66.3% and the most pregnant women(81.2%) was satisfied with their husbands and highest level of 70.8% revealed no change in sexual life compared to before pregnancy. 3. Expectant women showed HLC-Internal and low level of anxiety. 4. The factors of education and economics related to the intensify of the anxiety significantly. 5. The anxiety was affected by relationship with husband, attitude of pregnancy and minor discomfort during pregnancy. It is conducted that the anxiety of pregnant women may be increased due to education, economics, relationship with husband, attitude of pregnancy and minor discomfort during pregnancy.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2023

Background: Our study aimed to investigate the mediating role of work-family conflict (WFC) on the relationship between long commutes and workers' anxiety and insomnia. Methods: Our study measured the two dimensions of WFC, time-related, and strain-related, which were considered multiple mediators. The mediating effect of WFC on anxiety and insomnia was investigated by decomposing the total effect into a direct effect (long commuting time → anxiety or insomnia) and an indirect effect (long commuting time → WFC → anxiety or insomnia). The combined indirect effect (joint indirect effect) of strain-related WFC and time-related WFC was estimated. The effects were presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The direct effect of 120 min or longer of commuting time was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17-1.65) times increase in the odds of anxiety and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.41-1.90) times increase in the odds of insomnia than those whose commuting time was less than 60 min. In the case of indirect effects, those whose commuting time was 120 min or longer had 1.13 times higher odds of anxiety (95% CI: 1.07-1.18) and 1.12 times higher odds of insomnia (95% CI: 1.07-1.17) via WFC. The joint indirect effects accounted for 26.4% and 18.5% of the total effect on anxiety and insomnia, respectively. The longer the commuting time, the stronger both direct and indirect effects. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the mediating effect of WFC on the relationship between long commuting times and workers' anxiety and insomnia.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2023

The study examined the mediating effect of internalized shame on the relationship between affiliate stigma and interpersonal anxiety among adolescents with siblings who had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the moderated mediating effect of mother-adolescent communication openness. The participants consisted of 139 adolescents (boys 48.9%, high-school students 79.8%) who had siblings with ASD. Interpersonal anxiety, affiliate stigma, internalized shame, and mother-adolescent communication openness were measured using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (La Greca & Lopez, 1998), the Affiliate Stigma Scale (Mak & Cheung, 2008), the Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1988), and the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (Barnes & Olson, 1982), respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Process Macro Models 4 and 7 were used to examine the mediating effect and the moderated mediating effect. The results indicated that internalized shame mediated the effect of affiliate stigma on interpersonal anxiety among adolescents who had siblings with ASD. However, there was no significant moderated mediating effect of mother-adolescent communication openness on the relationship between affiliate stigma, internalized shame and interpersonal anxiety. These findings suggest that it is necessary to improve social awareness of individuals with ASD and their family members to prevent adolescents who have siblings with ASD from having affiliate stigma and to help them reduce interpersonal anxiety. The results also highlight the importance of counseling programs for adolescents with siblings with ASD as a way of preventing or alleviating their interpersonal anxiety by reducing internalized shame, even where they experience affiliate stigma.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional competence and social anxiety among Korean children and adolescents. The subjects of this study were 385 children between fifth and sixth grade ages and 579 middle school students. Their emotional competence was assessed by 'Korean Emotional Competence scale (Kim et al., 2004),' and also their social adjustment was assessed by 'Social Anxiety Scale (Moon & Oh, 2002).' The data were analyzed by ANOVA, the Pearson's correlation, and regression, using SPSS. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Children's and adolescents' emotional competence and social anxiety were relatively high. (2) Their emotional competence had a meaningful difference according to SES, gender, and birth order. (3) Their social anxiety had a meaningful difference according to SES, gender, and birth order. (4) There was a significant relationship between their emotional competence and social anxiety. (5) A regression analysis result of children's and adolescents' social anxiety showed that approximately 11.3% variance could be explained by four emotional competence variables: 'self-expressiveness and assertion,' 'awareness and understanding of emotion,' 'positive acceptance,' and 'collective consciousness.'