• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

This study investigates the dynamic effects of economic development, international cooperation, electricity consumption, and political risk on the escalation of CO₂ emission in Vietnam. We adopted autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality method to examine the interaction between CO₂ and various economic and political factors, including foreign direct investment, trade openness, economic growth, manufacture, electricity consumption, and political risk in Vietnam since the economic revolution in 1986. The findings reflect opposite influence between these factors and the level of CO₂ in the intermediate and long-term durations. Accordingly, foreign direct investment and CO₂ emission have a bidirectional relationship, in which foreign direct investment accelerates short-term CO₂ emission, but reduces it in the long run through an interactive mechanism. Moreover, economic development increases the volume of CO₂ emission in both short and long run. There was also evidence that political risk has a negative effect on the environment. Overall, the findings confirm lasting negative environmental effects of economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased electricity consumption. These factors, with Granger causality, mutually affect the escalation of CO₂ in Vietnam. In order to control the level of CO₂, more efforts are required to improve administrative transparency, attract high-quality foreign investment, and decouple the environment from economic development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.281-295
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of new pay system of hospitals by analyzing the status and problems of current pay system. The pay systems of 20 nationwide hospitals were analyzed and compared with the average pay level in Korea. In addition, the annual trend of pay system was analyzed. Based on this study, the following suggestions can be made. First, the pay levels of hospitals are, in some types of workers, lower than average. Hospitals should take much efforts to improve the payment capability through the effective management. Second, the effort to raise the proportion of basic pay to the total pay and to simplify the pay system on the basis of basic pay rather than the allowance and bonus should be made. Third, the pay system based on the length of service should be revised into the one based on work capability, achievement and performance in case of professional, clerical and managerial jobs. Fourth, the pay system determined depending on the power relationship between the labor unions and the management should be improved into the one, with which workers can feel reliable and satisfied through the revealing of the payment ability and the management improvement.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.401-412
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between assessed pain, functional status, and emotional status in elderly women with dementia. Methods: The method was a descriptive correlational design. Subjects were sampled from 75 elderly women with dementia who were resident in nursing home. and their pain, functional status(physical function, cognitive function), emotional status(depression, agitation) were measured. The collected data were analyzed for correlations between pain and functional status and for emotional status using the SPSS 11.0 statistical program. Results: The pain degree of the aged women in dementia were as follows; between 0 and 27 points, average 4.04 points, which was a possible point extent. Looking at the grades in detail items, the wry face expression was shown highest, an average of 0.84 points. The relation with cognitive function was(r=-.259, p<.025) a minus relation. And the relation with physical function was (r=.406, p<.001) a plus one. The relation with depression was (r=.462, p<.001), plus one. And (r=.592, p<.001) a plus relation was found with agitation. Conclusion: Pain is associated with impaired functional and emotional status. Major efforts are needed to improve nursing assessment and management of pain in this cognitive impaired population.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.255-264
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• 2020

The fourth industrial revolution has attracted much academic attention in these past few years. However, research on systematic and extensive factors affecting adoption of Industry 4.0 by SMEs in developing countries, especially in Vietnam, has been unavailable. This study aims to explore the impact of factors that influence the actual adoption of Industry 4.0 by SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City. Mixed-method research was utilized in this study including in-depth interviews of 12 participants and quantitative research of 396 respondents who are representative of SMEs by both online and via paper surveys. The SPSS and SmartPLS 3 software were employed to help analyze the collected data. The results indicate that perceived development of the human resource, perceived on-time, perceived saving cost, perceived improve product quality, perceived saving time, perceived ease-of-use, business resources, and conditions of the business environment, perceived usefulness, perceived enhanced customer relationship, and adoption intention, all have a positive significant effect on actual adoption of Industry 4.0. The results seem to suggest that managerial efforts aimed at increasing the factors' perceptions of adoption of Industry 4.0 and personal relevance of the technology will contribute to implementation success, where success is defined as effectual usage of the Industry 4.0.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2011

S&T policy has been traditionally regarded as a sector policy; however, it is now evolving into an infrastructure innovation policy that forms the foundation of diverse types of policies. Simultaneously, environmental and energy policies formerly considered as sector policies are now being expanded and integrated into a higher level policy for sustainable development. With these changes underway, the importance of policy integration has increased. Efforts are being made to minimize contradictions between environmental, social, and innovation policies that emphasize proactive linkage among policies or place the highest priority on environmental policy following the theory of Environmental Policy Integration (EPI). Confronted with these policy changes, the Lee Myung-bak government announced "Low-Carbon Green Growth" in 2008 as national agenda for development that focus attention on environmental and energy issues. Economic policy and environmental policy have been traditionally seen in a conflicting relationship with different paths of policy development. However, the administration of President Lee is now emphasizing the synergy effects between the environment and economic growth with the concept of green growth. The green growth policy of the Korean government has great significance as it has built a momentum for incorporating social goals such as environmental values or sustainable development into economic growth-oriented policies; however, there remain many challenges due to the legacy of the development period that has dominated Korean society. The Korean government says it reflects "EPI" or "environmentalism" in policy goals; however, in reality it prioritizes development over the environment.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.152-162
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• 2003

The study is aimed to find out the factors which have influence on customers' satisfaction from information and prompt them to repurchase, based on the patterns of information seeking which vary according to categories of traditional eating out processed food. 500 housewives living in megalopolis whose age ranges from 20s to 50s are targeted to the research, and the self-report questionnaires were used. and also the analysis on the frequency, t-test, and multiple regression were taken. The summarized conclusion is as following: First, in terms of the patterns of information seeking, consumers, in general, are found more likely to be internal seekers, who seek information based upon their past experience, rather than to be external seekers. Second, the comparison of satisfaction after purchase of the groups categorized by the patterns of information seeking shows that, in terms of traditional eating out processed food, on the contrary to other products, the satisfaction of internal seekers is higher than that of external seekers. Third, in both groups of internal seekers and external seekers, purchase assessment and the evaluation of efforts for information seeking are found to have influence on the intention to repurchase in terms of information seeking, but the influence of used information evaluation is partial.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.470-477
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among stress, physical symptoms and coping styles of high school students. Methods: In this study, 356 second grade high school students (male 181, female 175) from two schools, which were located in Dae-gu city, participated in the study. Mean scores with standard deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the data. Analysis was done using the SPSS/PC program. Results: The stress level of high school students averaged 2.59 out of a possible score range between 1 and 5, and physical symptoms, 2.38. The average level for coping styles was 1.36 of a possible range between 0 and 3. The correlations between stress and physical symptoms (r=.506), between physical symptoms and coping styles (r=.304) and between stress and coping styles (r=.363) were all significant. Conclusions: To guide the high school health program, we must try to understand the traits of the students and make efforts to identify personal and concrete difficulties in coping. Therefore it is necessary to use a stress care program to systematically improve their health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.993-1001
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dental hygienists' recognition of sponsorship on their organizational attachment and turnover and to improve their attachment affinity according to the working environment. Methods: Dental hygienists working at dental clinics distributed 220 questionnaires from the date of approval to October 31, 2019, at the dental hygienist maintenance training site and online. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 program with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Dental hygienists' perception of sponsorship, organizational attachment, and turnover intention were 2.97, 2.86, and 3.43, respectively. The turnover intention was higher when participants were unmarried, had high work intensity, a clinical career of 4-6 years, low organizational attachment, and a 53.7% explanation. Conclusions: To reduce the turnover intention, it is necessary to make appropriate compensations according to the long-term root of the experienced person, to adjust the work intensity, and to make efforts to increase the workers' attachment so that workers and organizations have the same values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 2015

This study was conducted with the following three study objectives. First, effects of safety awareness level of lab researchers to the improvement of safety culture in the organization Second, effects of organizational safety behaviors to the improvement of safety culture Third, test of mediating effects of organizational safety behaviors in the relationship between safety awareness level and the improvement of safety culture. The results show that organizational safety behavior is an indispensable factor for the improvement level of safety culture. Especially, the factors in safety training activities, safety compliance and management system are mediating variables which affect the safety awareness level and improvement level of safety culture, which shows these variables are very important factors in reducing safety accidents through the improvement of safety culture. Therefore, safety behaviors in the organization should be considered with priority. If the organization leads to improve safety awareness through regular safety training and rewards and punishes according to the test results, safety awareness could be improved. This study was conducted to identify the necessary factors to improve the overall safety culture in the organization and contribute to the diffusion of safety culture by improving the safety training awareness of the researchers.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2017

Multiple prior studies stress that continued Kaizen activity is conducive to building and maintaining competitive advantages of manufacturing companies. Meanwhile, it remains unclear as to what kind of management factors may exert impact on sustainment of Kaizen activity. This paper discusses a study conducted on the cases of two manufacturing lines, where such activity has been continued for more than ten years. At first, it was discovered that study period was divided into different periods. It was also found out that 'standstill conditions' which prevent smooth progress of activity exist in many periods, and that such conditions are hard to avoid. The study went on to categorize progress of activity in each period into different patterns, including at which points standstill conditions occurred, thereby, circumstances of standstill conditions were made clear. This paper verified a detailed process of Kaizen activity development in each period and the relationship between that detailed process and points of occurrence of standstill conditions. Thought was also given to factors and actions for smooth development, and effects brought about by overcoming such challenges. Lastly, consideration was given to the future perspectives of the study for elucidating how better Kaizen activity may be managed for continuation.