• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권23호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

로돌페 퇴퍼(Rodolphe Toeppfer)가 그림과 글이 결합된 형식을 정의하면서 만화 칸을 이용한 이후로 여러 만화작가들에 의해 만화 칸은 현재와 같은 모습으로 정착했다. 그러나 만화 칸이 본격적으로 정의되기 이전에도 만화 칸의 형식을 엿볼 수 있는 역사적 기록들이 있었다. 역사적인 기록 속에서 칸은 무형 또는 유형의 사각형으로 발견되어왔다. 우리가 지금 보는 만화 칸은 어딘가에서 생겨난 것이 아니라 이전부터 이어진 역사적인 산물이다. 창작자는 이렇게 칸이라고 부르는 틀 안에, 만화의 어휘에 속하는 그림이나 글을 넣는다. 만화 칸은 카메라의 프레임과 비슷하지만 이들과는 달리 가로 세로 비례의 틀이 유동적이다. 창작자들은 다양하게 칸을 이용했고 이러한 과정을 거치며 칸을 정형화시켰다. 결과적으로 만화 칸은 대부분 사각형으로 정립됐다. 만화 칸이 사각형으로 굳어져 간 과정에는 인간의 생활양식에 따른 암묵적인 규칙이 작용했을 것이라고 생각한다. 인간 문명을 이루는 수많은 도형 중에서 만화 칸이 사각형으로 이뤄지게 된 원인이 무엇일까? 본 논문은 이 같은 물음을 근거로 사각형의 형태를 기준으로 이뤄지는 인간의 생활체계를 알아보고 어떤 장점이 만화 칸을 사각형으로 정립되게 만들었는지 연구해 볼 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.3644-3649
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• 2013

자동차 시트 리크라이너는 시트 등받이의 각도를 조절하는 기능을 가지며, 시트의 안전성과 밀접한 영향이 있다. 따라서 리크라이너를 구성하는 각 부품들은 매우 중요하며, 이러한 부품들을 각종 동적 하중들로부터 보호할 수 있는 리크라이너 하우징 역시 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고장력강판(SPFC 980)으로 제작된 t=3mm 리크라이너 하우징을 실제 차량 시트에 적용한다. 또한 내구 실험기를 통하여 변형량을 조사하였으며, 실험과 동일한 조건하에서 시뮬레이션 해석을 수행하여 변형량과 등가응력을 분석하였다. 실험값과 해석값을 토대로 하여 1mm 및 2mm 두께의 리크라이너들을 모델링 한 후 구조해석을 통하여 변형량 및 등가응력을 알아보았다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제7호
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• pp.125-154
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• 2004

Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. The objective of this research is to build its study theory and establish its causal relation by illuminating for the social environment of capitalism for a private guard or a development background of the civil security contributing for citizen security, as well as gets the clue of the development possibility of the civil guard and escort field and the development of capitalism. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society, many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition, The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition. Consequently, this research is started to grasp the security of civil fiend and to grope a development possibility through the research of capitalism.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)-VA3.0 in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The sample consisted of 301 patients who had received treatments at the physical therapy units of 5 medical institutions in Andong City in june 2006. Questionnaires on the WOMAC were recruited by 12 physical therapists. The internal structure and reliability of the scales were evaluated by means of item-internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: ${\alpha}$), item-discriminant validity, and Pearson's relation coefficient. To explore construct validity, we conducted a principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation analysis. The criterion for factor extraction was an eigenvalue >1.0. The average age of the patients was 62.1 years. All WOMAC subscales (pain, stiffness, and physical function) were internally consistent with Cronbach's coefficients of .81, .91, and .80, respectively. The internal consistency reliability of item-each scale were also internally consistent with Cronbach's coefficient of .89 (Pearson's correlation coefficient: .71~.84), .93 (.89~.91), and .96 (.67~.91), respectively. However, high correlation was found among 3 items (.66~.83, .66~.67, and .67~.83), so the item-discriminant validity was low (${\alpha}$ coefficient: .81, .91, .80, respectively). The construct validity by factor analysis was low because it was not consistent With WOMAC-VA3.0. In conclusion, the results reported here confirm the reliability of the WOMAC in patients with OA of the hip and knee. The collection of information on the hip and knee osteoarthritis using this instrument was acceptable to patients. A further prospective multi-center study will be necessary to prove the construct validity.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2004

In terms of the way we perceive the world, the history of human beings might be said to be a history of two incompatible forces -'science' and 'myth.' Until today, both indispensable aspects have made human existence possible and characterized human culture. Nonetheless, an essential definition of myth has never been clearly explained. What is the general philosophical thought about myth? Current well known interpretations are so called Enlightenment and Romanticism of myth, which both has same criticism that they has not generally considered myth in terms of its technical function or specified contents. One who overcomes the limit of two current extreme beliefs on myth and also who concerned more with the ultimate origin of myth and its relation to the structure of poetry than the source of its vital accomplishments is philosopher Hans Blumenberg. For him myth is an artificial means and an answers to overcome the 'absolutism of reality.' On this point, the research concerns basically two issues. One is to investigate the functional and structural characters of myth through philosopher Hans Blumenberg's anthropological reflections. The other is to analyze architect Tadao Ando's works and thinking. The intention of the paper is not only to explore the relationship between philosophical theory of Blumenberg and Ando's architectural works, but also to suggest a new critical understanding on architecture from mythological point of view. I also expect that this research will suggests a concrete theoretical idea for constructing and construing artistic form and cultural space.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1986

에탄올-물 혼합용매내에서 p-클로로 염화벤질의 가용매분해반응에 대한 속도상수를 압력 1~1,600bar, 온도를 30${\circ}$, 40${\circ}$C 에서 측정하였다. 반응속도들은 온도와 압력이 증가함에 따라 증가하고, 에탄올 몰 분율이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. ln k대 압력의 플로트는 압력에 따라 이차함수꼴로 변함을 알았고, 이 플로트로부터 ${\Delta}V^{\neq}$와 ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$의 값을 얻었다. 그 결과 ${\Delta}V^{\neq}$와 ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$의 값은 약 0.20몰 분율에서 Extremum behavior가 나타남을 알았다. 이 현상을 용매구조 변화로 논의하였다. ln k대 용매파라미터, q 및 ln $C_w$의 플로트사이의 관계로부터 본 연구의 반응은 $S_N1(2)$메카니즘으로 진행됨을 추정할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2005

Inorganic matters originated from stone quarries and manufacturing plants could alter the ecological characteristics of adjacent aquatic systems, especially the structure and function of benthic macroinvertebrate community. In such situation, the locality of stone quarry and the quantity of inorganic matters would be important factors that determined the disturbing strength to the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Locality patterns of stone quarries were classified into 3 types in relation to the stream ecosystem; stream-proximity, upstream-inclusion and tributary-inclusion type. In the result of species:abundance analysis, stone quarry B (upstream-inclusion type) showed geometric distribution, while others showed broken-stick distribution pattern. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities closer to stone quarries showed smaller species numbers and standing crops among all types of stone quarries. However the values of species evenness index were not seriously different between controls and directly affected sites. These results indicated that the effect of inorganic disturbance would differ from those of organic pollution that induced the highly dominant state occupied by tolerant species. Number of occurred species, standing crops, community indices and biotic indices indicated that the community of upstream-inclusion type was the most seriously damaged from the inorganic disturbance, and the community would be very simple and unstable. Tributary-inclusion stone quarry heavily damaged to tributary system in biologically, but influence to the main stream seemed to be depended on the scale of main stream. Among 3 types of stone quarry localities, stream-proximity type induced the least damages to benthic macroinvertebrate community, though the degrees of damage were different along with distances between stream and stone quarry.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권6호통권67호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

Recently, various-shaped coastal structures have been studied and developed. Among them, the submerged breakwater became generally known as a more effective structure than other structures, bemuse it not only serves its original function, but also has the ability to preserve the coastal environment. Most previous investigations have been focused on the wave deformation and energy dissipation due to submerged breakwater, but less interest was given to their internal properties and dynamic behavior of the seabed foundation under wave loadings. In this study, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) is newly proposed to study the dynamic interaction between a permeable submerged breakwater aver a sand seabed and nonlinear waves, including wave breaking. The accuracy of the model is checked by comparing the numerical solution with the existing experimental data related to wave $\cdot$ permeable submerged breakwater $\cdot$ seabed interaction, and showed fairly nice agreement between them. From the numerical results, based on the newly proposed numerical model, the properties of the wave-induced pore water pressure and the flow in the seabed foundation are studied. In relation to their internal properties, the stability oj the permeable submerged breakwater is discussed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.377-382
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• 2001

Mechanical behavior and electrical resistance change of CPDP (carbon particle dispersed plastic) composite consisting of epoxy resin and conductive carbon particle were investigated under monotonic loading and repeated loading-unloading. The electrical resistance almost linearly increased with increasing strain during loading and the residual electrical resistance was observed even after removing load. The value of the residual electrical resistance was dependent on the maximum strain under the applied stress. This result suggests that the estimation of maximum strain (i.e., damage) is possible by the measuring electrical resistance of composite. The behavior of electrical resistance change during and after loading was discussed on the basis of the results of microscopic deformation and fracture observation. Moreover, the relationship between the volume fraction of carbon particle and the electrical resistivity of CPDP was investigated in relation to the percolation theory. Simulation model of percolation structure was established by Monte Carlo method and the simulation result was compared to the experimental results. The electrical resistance change under applied loading was analyzed quantitatively using the percolation equation and a simple model for the critical volume fraction of carbon particle as a function of the mechanical stress. It was revealed that the prediction was in good agreement with the experimental result except in the region near the failure of material.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2011

This research develops a basic design structure for scuba diving wetsuits suitable for the shape of Korean men in their 30's as well as enhances the reduction rate for underwater activity. The clothing pressure and fitness tests were performed using four different types of body suits. The usable data of the tests were coded for further statistical analysis that includes one way-ANOVA test and S-N-K Multiple Range Test by using SPSSWIN 17.0. An analysis of the results shows: (1) The results of the clothing pressure test (using a dummy) indicated that the larger the reduction rate, the stronger the clothing pressure gets (with an exception on the knee area). It has great impact on clothing pressure with regards to the different body parts. The different reduction rates should be applied to body parts accordingly. (2) In the case of test subjects, the overall mean values of the clothing pressure were lower than the ones with the dummy (attributable to the cushion function of body skin and muscle as well as the high stretch of the fabric). (3) In evaluating the subjective fit test of four types of body suits, a statistically significant difference was found in the relation between pattern reduction rates and all parts of the body. It was revealed that the reduction rate of 'B' pattern (X: 4%, Y: 3%) was the most suitable pattern and the 'B' pattern scored highest in the motion functional fit test performed by a test subject.