• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

The erection bar is defined as the assistant bar used to fix the position of the reinforcing steel as the reinforcing steel is placed on site. As the erection bar do not bear the structural load and is not showed in the structural drawings, it is not managed importantly. But as chair bars in mat footing is used in large quantities to support the upper main bars, the detailing standards need to be suggested. and some erection bar is placed by experience of the fabricator and placer. Therefore, in this study, a survey about the erection bars was conducted to the reinforcement detailer, the fabricator and placer of domestic construction industry. 11 placing drawings is analyzed to find out the problems of detailing and the quantities of the erection bars. According to the analysis of the survey, the erection bar details in placing drawings were not standardized, and some erection bars are omitted in placing drawings. The improvement in the erection bar detailing was sought by analyzing the results of the survey.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.867-883
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• 2016

In this paper, the effects of steel-fiber and rebar reinforcements on the ultimate bearing strength of the local anchorage zone were investigated based on experiments and comparisons between test results and design-equation predictions (AASHTO 2012, NCHRP 1994). Eighteen specimens were fabricated using the same anchorage device, which is one of the conventional anchorage devices, and two transverse ribs were used to secure an additional bearing area for a compact anchorage-zone design. Eight of the specimens were reinforced with only steel fiber and are of two concrete strengths, while six were reinforced with only rebars for two concrete strengths. The other four specimens were reinforced with both rebars and steel fiber for one concrete strength. The test and the comparisons between the design-equation predictions and the test results showed that the ultimate bearing strength and the section efficiency are highly affected by the reinforcement details and the concrete strength; moreover, the NCHRP equation can be conservatively applied to various local anchorage zones for the prediction of the ultimate bearing strength, whereby conditions such as the consideration of the rib area and the calibration factor are changed.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

The U-flanged truss hybrid beam is a new composite beam made by pouring concrete into the U-flanged truss beam. In this study, an experimental study was performed to verify the shear capacity of U-flanged truss hybrid beams with the newly developed end reinforcement details. For all specimens, the maximum shear strength was determined by shear failure of concrete in the loading point The detail reinforced with stirrups at the end zone can exhibit the greatest shear strength, but the method of reinforcing the end zone using vertical steel plates, which is a relatively easy method to manufacture, is considered to be the most effective detail in terms of shear strength and ductility. Also, in the case of U-flanged truss hybrid beams reinforced with vertical steel plates at the end zone, the shear strength can be evaluated on the safety side by using the Korea Design Standard formula.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

In the case of columns in buildings with soft story, the concentration of stress due to the difference in stiffness can damage the columns. The irregularity of buildings including soft story requires retrofit because combined load of compression, bending, shear, and torsion acts on the structure. Concrete jacketing is advantageous in securing the strength and stiffness of existing members. However, the brittleness of concrete make it difficult to secure ductility to resist the large deformation, and the complicated construction process for integrity between the existing member and extended section reduces the constructability. In this study, two types of Steel Grid Reinforcement (SGR), which are Steel Wire Mesh (SWM) for integrity and Steel Fiber Non-Shrinkage Mortar (SFNM) for crack resistance are proposed. One reinforced concrete (RC) column with non-seismic details and two columns retrofitted with each different types of proposed method were manufactured. Seismic performance was analyzed for cyclic loading test in which a combined load of compression, bending, shear, and torsion was applied. As a result of the experiment, specimens retrofitted with proposed concrete jacketing method showed 862% of maximum load, 188% of maximum displacement and 1,324% of stiffness compared to non-retrofitted specimen.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2001

내진상세가 적용되지 않은 철근콘크리트 교각의 거동특성 및 내진성능을 살펴보기 위해서 축소교각모형실험을 수행하였다. 횡방향 철근이 심부를 구속할 만큼 충분히 배근되어 있지 않은 중심 원형 단면의 실교각을 대상으로 기초 상단의 소성 힌지 부위에서 겹침이음이 된 주철근을 사용했을 때와 연속철근을 사용했을 경우로 구분되도록 철근상세를 결정하였다. 이에 따라 3기의 축소교각시험체를 제작하여 수직방향 축하중을 가한 상태에서 준정적 반복하중을 재하하는 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과를 통해서 겹침이음이 있는 교각시험체는 연성거동을 하지 않지만, 겹침이음이 없이 연속철근을 사용한 교각시험체는 어느 정도의 한정연성거동을 하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2007

동일한 총 정적 모멘트를 갖지만 단부 및 중앙부 모멘트 분배가 서로 다른 총 3개의 슬래브-기둥 내부 접합부를 실험하였다. 각 실험체는 4.2m 정사각형 슬래브와 356mm 정사각형 단면을 갖는 기둥으로 구성되며, 슬래브의 두께는 152mm이다. 실험 결과, 플랫플레이트 시스템은 비 균열 상태에서부터 최종 파괴 단계까지 상당히 큰 모멘트 재분배 현상이 나타나고, 극한 상태에서 실험체의 단부 및 중앙부 모멘트 분배는 설계에서의 철근 분배에 의해 크게 좌우되었다. 또한 이러한 모멘트 재분배 현상은 슬래브의 펀칭전단강도에 영향을 준다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-57
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• 2012

The behavior of beam-column joints in moment resisting frame structures is susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joints. A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints considered in current seismic design codes. The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement has resulted in serious joint failures during earthquakes. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones. In this study, ten full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations. The results of the experiment showed that adding additional bars is a promising approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquakes are eminent. In terms of overall cracking observation during the test, the specimens with additional bars (diagonal and straight) compared with the ones without them showed fewer cracks in the column. Furthermore, concrete confinement is certainly an important design measure as recommended by most international codes.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2006

This study reports the details of the finite element analysis of eleven shear critical partially prestressed concrete T-beams having steel fibers over partial or full depth. Prestressed concrete T-beams having a shear span to depth ratio of 2.65 and 1.59 and failing in the shear have been analyzed using 'ANSYS'. The 'ANSYS' model accounts for the nonlinear phenomenon, such as, bond-slip of longitudinal reinforcements, post-cracking tensile stiffness of the concrete, stress transfer across the cracked blocks of the concrete and load sustenance through the bridging of steel fibers at crack interface. The concrete is modeled using 'SOLID65'-eight-node brick element, which is capable of simulating the cracking and crushing behavior of brittle materials. The reinforcements such as deformed bars, prestressing wires and steel fibers have been modeled discretely using 'LINK8' - 3D spar element. The slip between the reinforcement (rebar, fibers) and the concrete has been modeled using a 'COMBIN39'-non-linear spring element connecting the nodes of the 'LINK8' element representing the reinforcement and nodes of the 'SOLID65' elements representing the concrete. The 'ANSYS' model correctly predicted the diagonal tension failure and shear compression failure of prestressed concrete beams observed in the experiment. The capability of the model to capture the critical crack regions, loads and deflections for various types of shear failures in prestressed concrete beam has been illustrated.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Columns in existing reinforced concrete structures that are designed and constructed without considering seismic loads generally exhibit widely spaced transverse reinforcements without using seismic hooks. Due to the insufficient reinforcement details in columns compared to the reinforcement requirements specified in modern seismic codes, brittle shear failure is likely to occur. This may lead to sudden collapse of entire structure during earthquakes. Adequate retrofit strategy is required for these columns to avoid such catastrophic event. In order to do so, behavior of columns in existing reinforced concrete structures should be accurately predicted through computational analysis. In this study, an analytical model is proposed for accurately simulating the cyclic behavior of shear critical columns. The parameters for backbone, as well as pinching and cyclic deterioration in strength and stiffness are calibrated using test data of column specimens failed by shear.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.281-300
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• 2014

This study presents the experimental results of twenty three reinforced concrete beams with rectangular web openings externally strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) composites bonded around openings. All tested beams had the same geometry and reinforcement details. At openings locations, the stirrups intercepted the openings were cut during fabrication of reinforcement cage to simulate the condition of inclusion of an opening in an existing beam. Several design parameters are considered including the opening dimensions and location in the shear zone, the wrapping configurations, and the amount and the type of the FRP composites in the vicinity of the openings. The wrapping configurations of FRP included: sheets, strips, U-shape strips, and U-shape strips with bundles of FRP strands placed at the top and sides of the beam forming a fan under the strips to achieve closed wrapping. The effect of these parameters on the failure modes, the ultimate load, and the beam stiffness were investigated. The shear contribution of FRP on the shear capacity of tested beams with web openings was estimated according to ACI Committee 440-08, Canadian Standards S6-06, and Khalifa et al. model and examined against the test results. A modification factor to account for the dimensions of opening chords was applied to the predicted gain in the shear capacity according to ACI 440-08 and CSA S6-06 for bonded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) around openings. The analytical results after incorporating the modification factor into the codes guidelines showed good agreement with the test results.