• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.423-434
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• 2014

본 연구는 종업원들의 고객 서비스 행동을 향상시키기 위한 정적강화기법과 부적강화기법의 상대적인 효과를 비교하였다. 그리고 두 강화 조건에서 처치를 받은 목표 행동 외에 처치를 받지 않은 비목표 행동에까지 처치 효과가 확산되어 반응일반화가 일어나는지를 추가적으로 검증하였다. 세 곳의 편의점에서 근무하는 5명의 종업원이 연구에 참가하였으며, ABC/ACB 피험자 내 역균형 설계가 적용되었다. 기저선(A 단계) 측정이 끝난 후 세 명의 참가자들에게는 정적강화를 제공 하였으며(B 단계), 그 후 부적강화를 제공하였다(C 단계). 나머지 두 명의 참가자들에게는 기저선(A 단계) 이후 부적강화를 먼저 적용 한 후(C 단계), 정적 강화를 적용하였다(B 단계). 연구 결과, 처치를 받은 목표 서비스 행동에서는 정적강화가 부적강화에 비하여 종업원들의 서비스 행동을 더 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 비목표 행동에 있어서는, 두 강화 조건모두 대부분의 행동에서 반응일반화를 유발하였지만 강화 조건에 따른 비목표 행동의 차이는 각 행동별로 상이하였다. 사후 인터뷰결과 정적강화 조건에서는 긍정적 정서를 그리고 부적강화 조건에서는 부정적 정서를 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 근로자의 직무수행 향상을 위해 정적강화 기법이 더 효과적이고 효율적이라는 것을 시사한다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2013

As known, concrete classes are described as strength of standard specimens produced and kept in ideal conditions, not including reinforcement and not subjected to any load effect before. Under the circumstances, transforming core strengths to the standard specimen strength is necessary and considering all parameters, affected on the core strength, is inevitable. In fact, effects of the reinforcement and the load history on concrete strength are generally neglected when these mentioned transforms are performing. The main purpose of this paper is investigating the effects of the reinforcement and the load history on the core strength. This investigation is experimentally performed on cores drilled from specimens having different keeping conditions, reinforced, unreinforced, subjected to bending and central pressure in various proportions of failure load during specified periods. Obtained results show that the importance of these effects cannot be neglected.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권1E호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

Confinement is major contribution to bond strength between reinforcement steel bars and concrete. Cover thickness, bar spacing and transverse reinforcement are the key confinement factors of current provisions for the development and splices of reinforcement. However, current provisions are still too complicated to determine the values of the confinement, which need to be well delineated in the process of design. In this study, an experimental work using beam-end and splice specimens was performed to examine the effect of concrete cover on bond strength. The results of this experiment and previously available data are analyzed to identify the effects of confinement on bond strength. From this reevaluation, new provisions for the development and splices of reinforcement are proposed. The provisions suggest some limitations in the confinement index. The new provisions will allow the engineers to use a simple and yet satisfactory and appropriate method or a precise approach for design to determine the values of confinement on the calculation of development and splice lengths.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2005

This paper investigates the effect of ductile deformation behavior of high performance hybrid fiber-reinforced cement composites (HPHFRCCs) on the shear behavior of coupling beams to lateral load reversals. The matrix ductility and the reinforcement layout were the main variables of the tests. Three short coupling beams with two different reinforcement arrangements and matrixes were tested. They were subjected to cyclic loading by a suitable experimental setup. All specimens were characterized by a shear span-depth ratio of 1.0. The reinforcement layouts consisted of a classical scheme and diagonal scheme without confining ties. The effects of matrix ductility on deflections, strains, crack widths, crack patterns, failure modes, and ultimate shear load of coupling beams have been examined. The combination of a ductile cementitious matrix and steel reinforcement is found to result in improved energy dissipation capacity, simplification of reinforcement details, and damage-tolerant inelastic deformation behavior. Test results showed that the HPFRCC coupling beams behaved better than normal reinforced concrete control beams. These results were produced by HPHFRCC's tensile deformation capacity, damage tolerance and tensile strength.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.85-90
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• 1994

Three high strength reinforced concrete structural walls were tested under the combined action of a constant axial and a horizontal cycle load. The aim of the tests has been to investigate the effects of the web horizontal reinforcement on hysteretic behavior of wall. The results have helped to identify the causes of wall failure and have demonstrated the web horizontal reinforcement does not appear have a significant effect on shear capacity, stiffness and energy dissipation but have a significant effect on the failure mode of the walls.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.29-34
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• 2001

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of transverse reinforcement in reinforced concrete tied columns subjected to monotonically increasing axial compression. Eighteen large-scale columns(260$\times$260$\times$120mm) were fabricated to simulate similarly an actual structural members size. Effects of main variables such as the concrete compressive strength, the tie configuration, the transverse reinforcement ratio, the tie spacing, and the spatting of the concrete cover were studied in this research program.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.171-191
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• 1999

본 연구의 최종 목표는, 세립분이 비교적 많이 포함된 우리나라에 폭넓게 분포되어 손쉽게 얻을 수 있는 화강풍화토를 뒤채움흙으로 활용하는 토목섬유 보강토벽체 시스템을 체계화하는 데 있다. 이를 위한 단계적 노력의 일환으로, 우선 본 논문에서는, 인장보강 기능이 우수한 지오그리드와 배수기능이 탁월한 부직포 지오텍스타일을 병행하여 포설하는 형태의 토목섬유 복합보강재의 마찰특성 등 상호관련거동에 대한 분석에 초점을 두고, 실내인발시험 및 유한요소 수치모델링 해석 등을 수행하였으며, 또한 지오그리드 하부에 설치되는 부직포의 배수효과를 간접적으로 살펴보기 위한 유한차분 수치모델링 해석을 추가로 시행하였다. 이를 통해 부직포의 배수효과와 더불어, 화강풍화토 뒤채움흙 내부 복합보강재의 경우 전반적으로 비교적 작은 크기의 변위가 유발되는 효과와, 인발에 대한 저항능력도 상대적으로 큰 특징을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.253-258
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• 2002

An evaluation equation of the minimum shear reinforcement content for reinforced concrete beams was theoretically proposed. The proposed equation takes into account the effects of compressive strength of concrete, longitudinal reinforcement content and shear span ratio. The proposed equation was compared with the current ACI 318-99 and CSA A23.3-94 codes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3923-3930
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 광양 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$산업단지 공사현장내의 도로 및 구조물 시공구간 중 연구대상 3구간을 선정하여 지반의 물리 역학적 특성을 분석하고 구조물 시공조건, 고화처리 단면조건에 따라 Midas-GTS를 통해 압밀해석과 지지력 산정을 수행하였다. 도로 및 구조물이 시공되는 연약점토지반의 침하 및 지지력 개선방안으로 고화처리공법 적용 시 지반의 안정성 개선효과와 고화처리단면에 따른 침하 및 지지력 개선효과를 분석하였다. 연약점토지반에 고화처리공법을 적용 시 침하 및 지지력 개선효과가 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으며 특히, 고화처리공법 적용 후 압밀침하량이 최소 53%에서 최대 82%까지 감소하여 압밀침하 억제효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 고화처리 폭이 설치 구조물 폭의 2배 이상인 경우 고화처리 폭이 증가하여도 압밀침하 억제효과는 1~7%정도로 미소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고화처리 폭 6m, 심도 1m이상 적용시 고화처리 전보다 허용지지력이 2.3~3.3배정도 크게 증가한 것으로 나타나 고화처리공법을 적용하면 지지력 증대효과가 매우 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.275-291
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• 2015

Adherence between reinforcement and the surrounding concrete is usually ignored in finite element analysis (FEA) of reinforced concrete (RC) members. However, load transition between the reinforcement and surrounding concrete effects RC members' behavior a great deal. In this study, the effects of bond-slip on the FEA of RC members are examined. In the analyses, three types of bond-slip modeling methods (perfect bond, contact elements and spring elements) and three types of reinforcement modeling methods (smeared, one dimensional line and three dimensional solid elements) were used. Bond-slip behavior between the reinforcement and surrounding concrete was simulated with cohesive zone materials (CZM) for the first time. The bond-slip relationship was identified experimentally using a beam bending test as suggested by RILEM. The results obtained from FEA were compared with the results of four RC beams that were tested experimentally. Results showed that, in FE analyses, because of the perfect bond occurrence between the reinforcement and surrounding concrete, unrealistic strains occurred in the longitudinal reinforcement. This situation greatly affected the load deflection relationship because the longitudinal reinforcements dominated the failure mode. In addition to the spring elements, the combination of a bonded contact option with CZM also gave closer results to the experimental models. However, modeling of the bond-slip relationship with a contact element was quite difficult and time consuming. Therefore bond-slip modeling is more suitable with spring elements.