• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.227-245
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• 2013

The term "constructability" in regard to cast-in-place concrete construction refers mainly to the ease of reinforcing steel placement. Bar congestion complicates steel placement, hinders concrete placement and as a result leads to improper consolidation of concrete around bars affecting the integrity of the structure. In this paper, a multi-objective approach, based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is developed for optimal design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls, considering minimization of the economic cost and reinforcing bar congestion as the objective functions. The structural model to be optimized involves 35 design variables, which define the geometry, the type of concrete grades, and the reinforcement used. The seismic response of the retaining walls is investigated using the well-known Mononobe-Okabe analysis method to define the dynamic lateral earth pressure. The results obtained from numerical application of the proposed framework demonstrate its capabilities in solving the present multi-objective optimization problem.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2002

Reinforced concrete structure resist to external load caused by integration of steel bar and concrete and this integration is obtained from bond stress between steel bar and concrete. Researches of bond stress between steel bar and concrete have been performed by many researcher, but existent researches of bond stress are concerned with compression strength of well cured concrete and insufficient study of bond stress according to early material. The secure regular strength of concrete in early age is caused by rapid velocity of early hardening process, but questionable bond stress in early age is proportion to strength of that. So this study performed experiments to compare bond stress according to material age and compression strength. The result is showed that bonding strength in early material age compare the ratio of concrete compression strength with the ratio of maximum bond stress the later inferior on the former.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.311-327
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• 2015

Employing discrete elements for considering bond-slip effects in reinforced concrete structures is very time consuming. In this study, a new modified embedded element method is used to consider the bond-slip phenomenon in structural behavior of reinforced concrete structures. A comprehensive parametric study of RC slabs is performed to determine influence of different variables on structural behavior. The parametric study includes a set of simple models accompanied with complex models such as multi-storey buildings. The procedure includes the decrease in the effective stiffness of steel bar in the layered model. Validation of the proposed model with existing experimental results demonstrates that the model is capable of considering the bond-slip effects in embedded elements. Results demonstrate the significant effect of bond-slip on total behavior of structural members. Concrete characteristic strengths, steel yield stress, bar diameter, concrete coverage and reinforcement ratios are the parameters considered in the parametric study. Results revealed that the overall behavior of slab is significantly affected by bar diameter compared with other parameters. Variation of steel yield stress has insignificant impact in static response of RC slabs; however, its effect in cyclic behavior is important.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid fiber reinforced composite rebar, which is manufactured from a braidtrusion process. Braidtrusion is a direct composite fabrication technique, utilizing in-line brading and the pultrusion process. hz order to obtain the mechanical behavior of the glass fiber, carbon fiber, and kevlar fiber, the tensile tests are carried out. The results of the fibers are compared with that of steel. Hybrid rebar specimens with various diameters, ranging from model size (3 mm) to full-scale size (9.5 mm), and various cross sections, such as solid and hollow shape, have been manufactured from the braidtrusion process. The tensile and bending tests for the case of the hybrid rebar, the conventional GFRP rebar, and the steel bar have been carried out. The results of the experiments show that the hybrid rebar is superior to the conventional GFRP rebar and the steel bar, from the viewpoint of tensile and bending characteristics.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2010

In according with concrete structural design standard, it is common designing flexure reinforcement concrete to induce tension failure. So reinforcing ratio is limited to inducing tension failure. And maximum reinforcing ratio is regulated to protecting concrete compression strength caused by over reinforced building. Minimum reinforcing ratio is also limited in designing standard to protecting brittle failure as extremely using less reinforcing bar. But in minimum reinforcing ratio it is extremely conservative or it is sometimes impossible to induce stable tension-failure because they are depending on yield failure and experienced method and concrete designing standard strength. Therefore the purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the flexural behavior of minimum steel ratio of reinforced concrete of beams and to propose the guide-line of equation of minimum steel ratio by performing static flexural test of 16 beams according to size effect, number of steel, yielding stress of steel, and concrete compressive strength which are presumed effective variables. From experimental results, the equation of minimum steel ratio was newly proposed considered size effect.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2014

이 논문은 비정질 강섬유 및 일반 강섬유로 보강된 철근콘크리트 인장실험체를 피복두께와 철근 직경의 비에 따라 각 6개씩 제작하여 직접인장실험을 수행하고, 그 결과로부터 강섬유로 보강된 철근콘크리트 인장부재의 균열거동을 분석한 것이다. 실험 결과에 따르면 비정질 강섬유와 일반 강섬유로 보강된 콘크리트 모두 쪼갬균열의 발생과 진행을 제어하는 성능이 양호하며, 특히 비정질 강섬유로 보강된 콘크리트는 피복두께가 철근 직경의 2배 이상이면 쪼갬균열이 발생하지 않았다. 균열간격은 두가지 강섬유로 보강된 실험체 모두에서 피복두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 증가하였으며, 현행 설계기준에서 규정하는 최대 및 평균 균열간격 식으로 계산한 것보다 비교적 작게 측정되었다. 실험으로부터 측정된 자료로부터 평균균열간격을 이용하여 최대균열간격 및 최소균열간격을 예측할 수 있는 상관관계식을 제안하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

현행 규정에 따르면, 세장비 4 미만의 연결보에 대각철근을 사용하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 대각선 다발철근 상세는 보 내부의 철근 배근작업을 어렵게 만들고, 이는 또한 시공불량으로 이어질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고강도 철근(SD500 및 SD600)으로 보강된 콘크리트 연결보에 관한 실험결과를 나타내었다. 연결보 제작시 시공성을 향상시키기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 헤드바를 갖는 대구경 철근을 사용하였다. 배근상세 및 세장비를 변수로 하여, 2가지의 실규모 연결보를 제작 및 실험하였다. 전단벽을 연결하는 보의 실제 거동특성을 모사하기 위하여, 링크 조인트를 갖는 철골 구조물을 반력바닥에 설치하였다. 실험 결과, 연결보와 전단벽 접합부에서의 균열 및 철근이 항복되면서, 점차 연결보 중앙부로 손상이 진전되는 것으로 나타났다. 연결보는 FEMA 450-1의 설계변위에 대한 전단벽 층간변위 규정에 요구되는 변형능력을 충분히 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 고강도 철근으로 보강된 연결보의 상세설계를 위해서는, 다양한 세장비가 연결보의 구조거동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.575-578
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• 1999

The main objective of this study was to examine structural behavior of reinforced concrete column and steel beam joint. composite specimens about 3/4 of the actual beam column connection assembly were tested by applying cyclic load through actuators. Test variables include face bearing plate(FBP), extended face bearing plate(E-FBP), VIR, U-bar and sub beam. There is not much differenced between specimens with sub beam and without sub beam. Test results also show that the joint strength of test specimen is close to the predicted strength by ASCE guideline.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.613-616
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• 1999

The bond between reinforcing bar and concrete is a significant factor to confirm that they behave uniformly in the reinforced concrete. Thus, the studies on this field have been conducted by many researchers. But for the high strength lightweight concrete few studies have been done. In this study, the steel fiber reinforced high strength lightweight concrete developed to complement the brittleness of the high strength lightweight concrete was studied experimentally to find the local bond stress. Total 20 specimens were tested and the measured test values were compared with those calculated according to ACI 318-95 code and CEB-FIP code, respectively. The results indicate that the maximum bond stress has been influenced by increment of volume fracture of steel fiber, compressive strength and cover, Especially steel fiber caused not only increment of bond strength but also ductile behaviro.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2012

콘크리트구조설계기준에서는 철근콘크리트 기둥에서 주철근의 설계기준항복강도를 550 MPa 이하로 규정하고 있다. 이는 철근콘크리트 기둥에 주철근으로 고강도 철근(high-strength concrete)을 사용할 때 콘크리트가 압축강도에 도달하여도 주철근이 항복변형률에 도달하지 않아 고강도 철근을 효율적으로 사용할 수 없기 때문이다. 철근의 설계기준항복강도 제한의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법으로는 횡구속력(confinement effect)을 가해주는 방법과 콘크리트의 파괴변형률(peak strain)을 증진시켜주는 방법이 있다. 횡구속을 효과적으로 가하는 방법으로서 원형 단면의 철근보다는 판재를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 연구에서는 가공이 용이한 판재로서 탄소섬유판을 철근콘크리트 기둥에서 횡구속효과를 위한 구조재료로 사용하였을 경우 보강되지 않은 경우보다 증진된 압축강도 및 축압축 파괴변형률을 보였으며, 콘크리트 단면 형상이 원형에 가까울수록, 횡구속 형태가 원형에 가까울수록 횡구속 효과는 더욱 커졌다. 최종적으로 실험 결과를 토대로 철근콘크리트 기둥에서 탄소섬유판에 의한 횡구속 효과와 함께 고강도 철근의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.