• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.85-90
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• 1994

Three high strength reinforced concrete structural walls were tested under the combined action of a constant axial and a horizontal cycle load. The aim of the tests has been to investigate the effects of the web horizontal reinforcement on hysteretic behavior of wall. The results have helped to identify the causes of wall failure and have demonstrated the web horizontal reinforcement does not appear have a significant effect on shear capacity, stiffness and energy dissipation but have a significant effect on the failure mode of the walls.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1997년도 사면안정 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-20
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• 1997

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2012

최근 국내에서 기존 RC옹벽보다 시공실적이 증가하고 있는 보강토 옹벽은 보강자재, 시공방법, 전면블럭의 형태에 따라 다양하지만 공법에 대한 안전성이 충분히 검증되지 않아 설계와 시공관리에 어려움이 많으며, 보강토 옹벽에 사용되는 보강재 등은 제조사별로 규격과 형상이 다양하고 영세한 업체에서 제작하였거나 일부 값이 싼 품질이 낮은 제품이 수입되고 있지만 이를 설계에 적용할 수 있는 적절한 기준이 제시되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 보강토 옹벽의 보강재인 옹벽용 그리드에 대하여 현장 내시공성 시험을 통해 다양한 형태의 옹벽용 그리드의 내시공성 감소계수를 제안하고, 국내외 연구결과 분석과 국내 시판되고 있는 제조사별로 제시한 옹벽용 그리드의 물성치를 조사 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 뒤채움재의 입경과 모난 정도의 차이, 입도 분포에 따라 감소계수에 미치는 영향이 크므로 일정규모 이상의 현장에서는 현장내시공성 시험을 거쳐 뒤채움재 별로 차별화된 감소계수를 적용하고, 보강벽체의 활용성에 따라 연성과 강성그리드를 잘 선정하여 적용함으로서 효과적으로 보강토 옹벽의 안전성을 높일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

The reinforced-concrete multi-story shear-wall structure, which can free a building from beams and columns to allow the planning of a vast room, has increasingly been used in Japan as a high-rise reinforced-concrete structure. Since this structural system concentrates the seismic force onto multi-story shear walls inside, the bending deformation of the walls may cause excessive deformation on the upper floors during an earthquake. However, it is possible to control the bending deformation to within a certain level by setting high-strength and rigid beams (outriggers) at the top of the multi-story shear walls; these outriggers restrain the bending behavior of the walls. Moreover, it is possible to achieve high energy dissipation by placing vibration control devices on the outriggers and thus restrain the bending behavior. This paper outlines the earthquake response analysis of a high-rise residential tower to demonstrate the effectiveness of the outrigger frame incorporating vibration control devices.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

보강토 옹벽이 콘크리트 옹벽에 비해 다양한 이점을 가짐에도 불구하고 영구구조물로서 지속하중이 작용하는 경우에 대해 장기변형이 발생할 소지가 있다는 우려가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 관점에서 축소모형실험을 실시하여 수집된 보강토 옹벽의 장기변형 메카니즘에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 실험결과 지속하중이 작용하는 경우에 있어 장기적으로 잔류변형이 발생할 우려가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 지속하중의 특성과 보강재 강성에 따라 좌우되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

This study proposes a procedure for evaluating the seismic performance and retrofit of a typical reinforced building (R/C) school buildings contructed in the 1980s. The procedure is derived from the Japanese Standard for Evaluation of Seismic Capacity of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings and Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) specified in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA 356). In this study, the Japanese Standard was applied for evaluating the additionally required seismic performance in the existing school building. Cast-in-place (CIP) reinforced concrete infill walls and steel braces were used to seismically retrofit the existing school building located in the region of Hongsung in Chungnam. In the pushover analysis, i.e NSP, the hinge properties of columns, beams, infill walls and steel braces were carefully calibrated based on the existing experiment results in the available literatures. The predicted seismic performance for the retrofitted building was compared to that for the virgin building. Based on the seismic evaluation with the Japanese Standard and the FEMA 356 criteria, the addition of CIP reinforced concrete infill walls and steel braces have superior constructablility and can improve effectively the seismic performance of the existing school buildings constructed in 1980s.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.491-506
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• 2019

Literature regarding concrete walls reinforced by super elastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars is rather limited. The seismic behavior of a system concurrently including a distinct steel reinforced concrete (RC) wall, as well as another wall reinforced by super elastic SMA at the first story, and steel rebar at upper stories, would be an interesting matter. In this paper, the seismic response of such a COMBINED system is compared to a conventional system with steel RC concrete walls (STEEL-Rein.) and also to a wall system with SMA rebar at the first story and steel rebar at other stories ( SMA-Rein.). Nonlinear time history analysis at maximum considered earthquake (MCE) and design bases earthquake (DBE) levels is conducted and the main responses like maximum inter-story drift ratio and residual inter-story drift ratio are investigated. Furthermore, incremental dynamic analysis is used to accomplish probabilistic seismic studies by creating fragility curves. Results demonstrated that the SMA-Rein. system, subjected to DBE and MCE ground motions, has almost zero and 0.27% residual maximum inter-story drifts, while the values for the COMBINED system are 0.25% and 0.51%. Furthermore, fragility curves show that using SMA rebar at the base of all walls causes a larger probability of exceedance 3% inter-story drift limit state compared to the COMBINED system. Static push over analysis demonstrated that the strength of the COMBINED model is almost 0.35% larger than that of the two other models, and its general post-yielding stiffness is also approximately twice the corresponding stiffness of the two other models.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2024

Infill masonry walls are vulnerable to lateral loads, including seismic, wind, and concentrated push loads. Various strengthening metal fittings have been proposed to improve lateral load resistance, particularly against seismic loads. This study introduces the use of post-compressed wedges as a novel reinforcement method for infill masonry walls to enhance lateral load resistance. The resistance of the infill masonry wall against lateral-concentrated push loads was assessed using an out-of-plane push-over test on specimens sized 2,300×2,410×190 mm³. The presence or absence of wedges and wedge spacing were set as variables. The push-over test results showed that both the unreinforced specimen and the specimen reinforced with 300 mm spaced wedges toppled, while the specimen reinforced with 100 mm spaced wedges remained upright. Peak loads were measured to be 0.74, 29.77, and 5.88 kN for unreinforced specimens and specimens reinforced with 100 mm and 300 mm spaced wedges, respectively. Notably, a tighter reinforcement spacing yielded a similar strength, as expected, which was attributed to the increased friction force between the masonry wall and steel frame. The W-series specimens exhibited a trend comparable to that of the displacement ductility ratio. Overall, the findings validate that post-compressed wedges improve the out-of-plane strength of infill masonry walls.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2006-2012
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 경기도에 위치한 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$대학교 캠퍼스 내 외곽도로 신설을 위해서 설치된 보강토옹벽의 붕괴사례를 통해 다양한 원인조사 및 분석에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 붕괴된 보강토옹벽에 대한 안정성 평가 및 설계도서 검토결과 다짐불량, 기초지반의 지지력 검토 누락, 보강재 설치 길이와 간격, 배수시설 문제 등의 시공과 관련한 문제들로 인해서 붕괴가 발생한 것으로 판단되었다. 설계 시 고려해야 할 전체 사면활동에 대한 안정성 검토, 2단 형태의 보강토옹벽에서 일반적으로 사용되는 FHWA 또는 NCMA 제안방법을 적용하지 않는 등의 여러 설계상의 문제점들도 확인하였다. 또한, 이러한 안정성 평가 내용을 바탕으로 재시공될 보강토옹벽의 안정을 위한 보강대책 및 시공방안 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.308-318
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• 2000

This paper introduces the acceptance criteria for reinforced concrete moment frames based on structural testing of ACI in preparing and proposes criteria for acceptable limiting drift and energy dissipation ratios of reinforced concrete shear walls for structural testing. Limiting drift and energy dissipation ratios were examined for tests on shear walls having ductile type failures. Test data were analyzed and compared to results for a suggested acceptance criteria that involves a limiting drift that is a function of aspect ratio a limiting energy dissipation ratio that is a function of displacement ductility and damping.