• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1693-1705
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• 2013

To restore old aqueduct in Korea which is a irrigation bridge to supply water in paddy field area, it is needed to estimate approximate costs of restoration because the basic design for estimation of construction costs is often ruled out in current system. In this paper, estimating models of construction costs were developed on the basis of performance data for restoration of RC aqueduct bridges since 2003. The regression analysis (RA) model and case-based reasoning (CBR) model for the estimation of construction costs were developed respectively. Error rate of simple RA model was lower than that of multiple RA model. CBR model using genetic algorithm (GA) has been applied in the estimation of construction costs. In the model three factors like attribute weight, attribute deviation and rank of case similarity were optimized. Especially, error rate of estimated construction costs decreased since limit ranges of the attribute weights were applied. The results showed that error rates between RA model and CBR models were inconsiderable statistically. It is expected that the proposed estimating method of approximate costs of aqueduct restoration will be utilized to support quick decision making in phased rehabilitation project.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.210-216
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• 2013

Purpose: A cost effective tool for the clinical measurement of trunk reposition sense is clearly needed. This study was to analyze intrarater and interrater Reliability of trunk repositioning error (TRE) test which assesses trunk position sense using a portable digital inclinometer. Methods: Twenty four normal healthy subjects were recruited. TRE was measured using a portable digital inclinometer. A digital inclinometer (Acumar-ACU360; Lafayetter Instrument) with precision to $1^{\circ}$ was placed on skin over the spinous process from first to second thoracic vertebra (T1-T2) and secured with double-sided tape. TRE test during sitting forward and lateral flexion movement was assessed. When they reached a point approximately 50% of full trunk flexion range, the examiner instructed the subjects to stop and told them. This was the target position that they should try to reproduce exactly. Each subject performed six trials. Results: ICC (2,1) for intrarater reliability (with-day and between-day) of TRE test in sagittal and frontal plane of movement was 0.75 and 0.78 (excellent reliability). Interrater reliability was 0.66 in sagittal and 0.64, frontal plane (fair to good reliability). However, there were poor correlations between an average of TRE test in sagittal and frontal plane. Conclusion: TRE test using a portable digital inclinometer demonstrated good to excellent reliability. The device may be a cost effective clinical measurement for trunk reposition sense measurement.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

Background: Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) is widely used to treat children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Korea; however, studies investigating factors that influence the use of TKM are scarce. Thus, we investigated the clinical factors that might influence the use of TKM. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional, multicenter survey was performed from August 2014 to May 2016. The history of TKM use, type and severity of CP, current treatment characteristics, presence of accompanying disabilities or other health problems not directly related to CP, and monthly cost for the treatment of CP were surveyed. Results: In total, 182 children were recruited, and 78 children (42.9%) had used TKM. Among these 78 children, 50 (64.1% of the TKM-use group) had used both acupuncture and herbal medication, 15 (19.2%) had used acupuncture only, and 13 (16.7%) had used herbal medication only. Children with non-typical CP, accompanying disabilities and general health problems tended to use TKM. The monthly cost of treatment for CP was significantly higher in the TKM-use group than that in the no-TKM-use group, suggesting that economically disadvantaged children may have difficulty in accessing TKM. Dietary supplements, conventional pharmacological treatments, and rehabilitation therapies did not affect TKM use. Conclusion: Children with non-typical symptoms or those with poor overall health status are likely to use TKM. Additionally, TKM use leads to increased treatment costs. Studies investigating the motivation for starting or ceasing TKM therapy, socioeconomic factors and the attitude of parents towards complementary and alternative medicine should be performed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.707-716
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• 2011

It has been applied using cranes or insertion methods to install heavy structures to strengthen existing railway bridges. These methods are uneconomical because of two reasons. The first one is it is required to construct approach roads for heavy equipment and/or working yard. The second one is the electric lines shall be cutoff during construction. Both require additional construction cost and duration. In this study, new transport equipment was developed which can be applied to heavy structures up to 100 ton. Using this method, the heavy structure can be loaded into the new transport equipment at working yard and transported to the working site. This method can be applied, but not limited to railway bridge or roadbed rehabilitation. It was found that the precious construction can be achieved to install heavy structure using this method. The experimental construction to make non-ballast girder bridge composite with new pc deck slab using this method was carried out for Jewon bridge. The example bridge is in extreme condition because it locates above national road #38 within extreme transition curve and has 10 ‰ slope and skew. The experimental construction results were satisfactory both for safety and construction precision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.152-162
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• 2010

This study provides preliminary data to support the need for appropriate and thorough restoration of quarries through investigating both domestic and overseas cases of sites that were restored in environment-friendly ways to make them re-usable after extraction. In cases of areas where it is difficult to restore the cut slope, putting it to other uses such as engraving buddhist images would be helpful to reduce the restoration cost and enhance the utilization of the slope. Phased land use conversion after exploitation needs to be considered in advance; for example, the location and size of the quarry should be determined according to the pre-planned use or development of the site. Considering the circumstances in the country, serious consideration should be given to methods that allow the restoration or recovery of the damaged sites to be completed in short periods of time. Quarry restoration needs to be approached from the view of ecological restoration and if a site is deemed to be usable for another purpose, land use conversion should be considered to enhance the utilization.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.910-918
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• 2015

Purpose: Safety of humans is an important factor that affects health overall, and injuries are one of the major public-health problems in the world. The purposes of this study were to describe the International safe Community movement which contributes to the injury prevention and safety promotion all over the world, and to identify out the application and developmental strategies for Korea. Methods: A review was done of previous research, reviews, and reports on the history, concepts, basic principles, and recommendations for actions of the Safe Community. Results: For this study, the application strategies of the International Safe Community movement in Korea were examined to deduce the strengths of the safe Community program. Community-based injury prevention work according to the International Safe Community model is a successful and cost-effective way of reducing injuries in the community. Conclusion: Through the International Safe Community program, communities are able to realize a healthy community and achieve improved quality of lives for the people, which is the ultimate objective of the Safe Community model. In addition, it will contribute to the economic vitalization and gain through energy and enhancement of productivity of people.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.2 s.92
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• pp.293-298
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• 2006

The reinforced concrete(RC) structures strengthened with fiber reinforced plastic(FRP) has been accepted by the construction engineering community for rehabilitation. FRP composites can present many advantages like a corrosion resistance, strength-weight ratio, relatively short application time, and cost effectiveness. The beams under design load, however, are cracked and result in degrading the strength. It is difficult to recognize cracks and deflections on the surface of the concrete members retrofitted with FRP through the life cycle. For these reasons, if they result in the effects, which were below the expected strength, we must monitor the state of concrete structures all the time in order to take an appropriate measure. Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) sensor excel as monitoring of investigating the stress state of the retrofitted beams with FRP. The main objective of this study is to measure strain by experiment and analyze the behavior of RC beams retrofitted with FRP using FBG sensor. The kinds of FRP which were used in research are carbon, glass and improved hybrid FRP(IFRP) that has capacity than any other FRP. Other variables are the length of FRP, the number of sheet.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2002

Polymers are the dominant material for fabrication of denture bases. However, resin base can't fufill the patients' satisfactions completely and solve the pronunciation problem and prevent the denture fracture. In spite of many advantages, metal denture bases do not widespread in clinical practice. The main reasons are the difficulties in fabrication and additional time and cost, inability to rebase such prostheses. The use of the metal base can be one of options in complete denture treatments. This study helps, through reveiwing previous reports and literature about the metal base, metal base to be useful in the clinical application by recommend the materials, indications and advantage/disadvantage of the metal base and introduce variable designs. The clinical application of the metal base have many advantages, but the dentists have to select cases carefully and apply designs according to patient's various conditions. In conclusion, the use of the metal base can't alternate treatment of inadequate conventional complete denture. Adequate complete denture is very important for the treatment of the metal base complete denture.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(MTA) has been used in Endodontic treatment successfully for more than 10 years. But the high cost of MTA limits its use in endodontics in Korea. Recently many studies have been done to compare MTA and Portland cements. To investigate the chemical constitutions of MTA (Proroot MTA, Tulsa Dental), Gray Portland cement (Lafarge Halla cement), White Portland cement(Union corp), and fast setting cement (SSangyong cement), we performed SEM(scanning electron microscope)(S4700, Hitachi) examination and EDS(Energy dispersive spectrometry)(emax, Horiba) analysis. SEM examination and EDS analysis were committed to and performed in SNU DRI (Seoul National University Dental Research Institute). We found that particles of MTA were relatively round, uniform in size, and compactly packed compared to Portland cements. Chemical constitutions of MTA, GPC, WPC and FSC were similar. It was shown that MTA contains much BiO2 . MTA and WPC showed less heavy metals such as Fe and Mg compared to GPC and FSC. FSC showed remarkably high aluminum content.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to obtain general information for the design of a medical tourism plan toward Chinese using Korean medicine (KM). Methods : A questionnaire was asked of Chinese tourists regarding of Korea traditional medical tourism. 148 valid responses were obtained and their awareness of KM, and preferred subject and decision factors for their participation in Korea traditional medical tourism were analyzed using SPSS version 12.0. Results : 72% of respondents showed over a moderate degree of interest in medical tourism of KM. The most preferred subject was skin aesthetics, followed by medical check-ups and rehabilitation. Medical skill level, communication, and medical cost were indicated as the important factors for participants' decisions about KM-based medical tourism. Conclusions : Medical tourism could be a potential avenue for development by the KM-based Korean medical industry. Cosmetic-associated medical services are recommended, and enhanced public relations about KM-medical skill levels are strongly suggested for Chinese tourists.