• 시큐리티연구
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• 제47호
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• pp.7-36
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• 2016

흔히 '성장의 한계가 없는 고도 성장산업'으로 불리는 민간경비업은 1980년대 이래 쉼 없는 양적 팽창을 거듭해왔다. 현대에서 민간경비의 역할은 생활안전 뿐 아니라 안보에도 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있으며, 그 교량적 기능은 가속화되고 있다. 치안서비스의 한 축으로써, 민간경비산업의 건전한 육성발전을 촉진하기 위해 세계 각국은 고유의 필요에 따라 각기 독특한 자격제도와 규제수단을 마련해 운영해오고 있다. 그간 우리나라에는 민간경비산업이 고도로 활성화 된 주요국의 규제개혁 사례가 다수 소개된 바 있다. 하지만 지금까지 소개된 선진국의 제도정비연구는 전반적으로 영미와 독일, 이웃 일본 중심이었다. 그러나 경비산업의 활성화 논의와 규제해법 담론을 이끌고 있는 많은 선도국들이 있으며, 그 중 대표적으로 일찍이 경비서비스를 공공재로 인식하여 단계적 제도개선 노력을 지속해온 광대한 인구부족 국가 호주를 꼽을 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 연구에서는 1980년대부터 민경 역할분담을 확대해온 호주의 경비산업규제 접근방식을 살펴보고 이로부터 민간경비 산업 전반의 리스크 관리와 거시건전성 감독정책 방향에 대해 국내에 주는 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구결과, 호주의 경비산업 관리 운영은 (1) 의심스런 경비업자 측근에 대한 강도 높은 모니터링과 지문을 날인하는 제도의 운영, (2) 무영장 경비업체 압수수색제도, (3) 부적격자 삼진아웃 퇴출제도 등을 특징으로 하였다. 민간경비는 사회 안전을 보장하는 공공재적 성격이 강하므로, 서비스의 균일한 신뢰성 담보를 위해서는 정부주도의 보다 전문적인 관리와 선제적 개입이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 호주의 사례를 바탕으로, (1) 규제 프로그램의 리스크 유형별 효과성 측정을 토대로 한 규제품질평가에 대한 필요성, (2) 중장기적 규제영향분석을 위한 전담기구의 설립, (3) 규제준수 유도를 위해 활용될 수 있는 규제 믹스(regulatory mix) 전략에 관한 가이드라인을 제시하여 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Background: It is very difficult to set a regulatory guidance or criteria for the protection of non-human species from the ionizing radiation, because there are no generally or internationally accepted methods for demonstrating the compliance with such criteria. It is needed that Korea develop the primary dose rate standards for the protection of both aquatic and terrestrial biota in the near future. Materials and Methods: The potential dose rates due to both external and internal radiation exposures to marine organisms such as plaice/flounder, gray mullet, and brown seaweed collected within territorial seas around the Korean Peninsula were estimated. Results and Discussion: The total dose rates to plaice/flounder, gray mullet and brown seaweed due to $^{40}K$, a primordial radionuclide in marine environment, were found to be 0.2%, 0.08% and 0.3% of approximately the values of the Derived Consideration Reference Levels (DCRLs, i.e. $1-10mGy{\cdot}d^{-1}$), respectively, as suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 124. The total dose rates to marine fishes and brown seaweed due to anthropogenic radionuclides such as $^{90}Sr$, $^{137}Cs$ and $^{239+240}Pu$ were considered to be negligible compared to the total dose rate due to $^{40}K$. The external exposure to benthic fish due to all radionuclides was much higher than that of pelagic fish. Conclusion: From this study, it is recommended that the further study is required to develop a national regulatory guidance for the evaluation of doses to non-human species.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

Civil aviation cybersecurity challenges are global in nature and must be addressed using global best practices and the combined efforts of all stakeholders. This requires the development of comprehensive international strategies and detailed plans for their implementation, with appropriate resources. It is important to build such strategies on a common methodology that can be applied to civil aviation and other interrelated critical infrastructure sectors. The goal of the study was to determine the methodological basis for developing an international civil aviation cybersecurity strategy, taking into account existing experience in strategic planning at the level of international specialized organizations. The research was conducted using general scientific and theoretical research methods: observation, description, formalization, analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation As a result of the study, it was established the specifics of the approach to formulating strategic goals in civil aviation cybersecurity programs in the documents of intergovernmental and international non-governmental organizations in the aviation sphere, generally based on a comprehensive vision of cybersecurity management. A comparative analysis of strategic priorities, objectives, and planned activities for their implementation revealed common characteristics based on a single methodological sense of cybersecurity as a symbiosis of five components: human capacity, processes, technologies, communications, and its regulatory support. It was found that additional branching and detailing of priority areas in the strategic documents of international civil aviation organizations (by the example of Cybersecurity Strategy and Cybersecurity Action Plan) does not always contribute to compliance with a unified methodological framework. It is argued that to develop an international civil aviation cybersecurity strategy, it is advisable to use the methodological basis of the Cyber Security Index.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.428-442
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• 2023

In this study, we have a goal to develop usability evaluation guidelines for heuristic-based artificial intelligence-based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) in the medical field. We conducted a gap analysis between medical hardware (H/W) and non-medical software (S/W) based on ten heuristic principles. Through severity assessments, we identified 69 evaluation domains and 112 evaluation criteria aligned with the ten heuristic principles. Subsequently, we categorized each evaluation domain into five types, including user safety, data integrity, regulatory compliance, patient therapeutic effectiveness, and user convenience. We proposed usability evaluation guidelines that apply the newly derived heuristic-based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) evaluation factors to the risk management process. In the discussion, we also have proposed the potential applications of the research findings and directions for future research. We have emphasized the importance of the judicious application of AI technology in the medical field and the evaluation of usability evaluation and offered valuable guidelines for various stakeholders, including medical device manufacturers, healthcare professionals, and regulatory authorities.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2016

As the Enforcement Ordinance of Environmental Policy Act was revised in 2013, total organic carbon(TOC) was added as an indicative parameter for organic matter in Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Environmental Criteria. Under these imminent circumstances, a regulatory standard is needed to achieve the proposed TOC limitation control water quality from the public sewage treatment plants(PSTWs). This study purposes to present the determination method for TOC effluent limitation at the PSTWs. Therefore we investigate the TOC effluent limitation of foreign countries such as EU, Germany and USA, and analyse the effluent water qualities of PSTWs. In using these TOC data, we review apprehensively the statistics-based, the technology-based, and the region(water quality)-based determination method of TOC effluent limitation for PSTWs.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Background: In times of continuous change and volatile markets, organizations are increasingly characterized by downsizing, work intensification, and resource rationalization. This has resulted in diversification, and the emergence of newrisks within the field of occupational health and safety, with an important impact. This paper focuses on one such type of risk in the modern workplace-psychosocial risks. The current study aimed to explore stakeholder perspectives, regarding the extent to which psychosocial risks are incorporated into strategic risk management practices, at both the business and policy level. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 professionals, representing employer, expert, policy maker, and trade union stakeholder perspectives. Results: It was found that the majority of organizations do not sufficiently, if at all, understand and incorporate psychosocial risks into strategic decision making, whereby the key barrier related to practical difficulties of not knowing how to manage psychosocial risks adequately. Conclusion: The study found that there is a need to close the gap between policy and practice on a number of levels. Future recommendations comprise a policy framework and infrastructure underpinned by educational initiatives, partnerships, and networks to drive a shift in attitudes toward recognizing the duality of the concept of risk (including both potential negative and positive outcomes) and moving beyond simple regulatory compliance.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Background: Workflow interruptions during surgery may cause a threat to patient's safety. Workflow interruptions were tested to predict failure in action regulation that in turn predicts near-accidents in surgery and related health care. Methods: One-hundred-and-thirty-three theater nurses and physicians from eight Swiss hospitals participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The study participation rate was 43%. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed an indirect path from workflow interruptions through cognitive failure in action regulation on near-accidents (p < 0.05). The indirect path was stronger for workflow interruptions by malfunctions and task organizational blockages compared with workflow interruptions that were caused by persons. The indirect path remained meaningful when individual differences in conscientiousness and compliance with safety regulations were controlled. Conclusion: Task interruptions caused by malfunction and organizational constraints are likely to trigger errors in surgery. Work redesign is recommended to reduce workflow interruptions by malfunction and regulatory constraints.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2020

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. In this study, 21 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies have been selected as sample for 2016 and 2017. This study used the intellectual capital disclosure index developed by Rahman, Sobhan, and Islam. Return on assets and return on equity have been used as the proxy variable of firm performance. In this study, content analysis is performed to assess the level of disclosure regarding intellectual capital and pooled cross-sectional analysis is used to assess the relationship between ICD and firm performance. The study has found a positive and significant relationship between ICD and firm performance. Besides, an in-depth analysis of this study shows that all the components of ICD namely internal capital disclosure, external capital disclosure, and human capital disclosure are also positively and significantly associated with firm performance. The study suggests the development of an intellectual capital disclosure framework by the regulatory authority for mandatory compliance. This will improve the quality and quantity of ICD in the annual reports. Besides, firms should more emphasize on ICD which will help to improve their performance.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2011

International Organization for Standardization has recently published ISO 9001:2008 which is the basic requirements for a quality management system that an organization must fulfil to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products that enhance customer satisfaction and meet applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Not many empirical researches based on ISO 9001:2008 have been done up until now. In this article we outline transitional features for ISO 9000 quality management system (QMS) since its first publication in 1987. In order to effectively maintain ISO 9001:2008 QMS certification and continuously enhance quality management activities, we perform statistical analysis for the minor nonconformity data generated from follow-up audits for subcontractors of shipbuilding industry based on ISO 9001:2008 requirements. A Kruskal-Wallis test is used to show relationships between the minor nonconformity data and three classification criteria: the type of business, the size of business, and the number of follow-up audits.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2014

This study aims to suggest a measure to reduce industrial accident and secure adaptation to the industrial safety regulation policies by empirically establishing the effects of stress from adaptation to the industrial safety regulation on the human error, one of direct causes of industrial accident to the target groups of the industrial safety regulation policies. This study as for content range examines the stress from adaptation to the industrial safety regulation, job satisfaction, human error, and as for spatial range, this study performed an empirical research on the workers of 24 companies located within Chungcheong region centers district among 153 companies nationwide that uses 7 chemicals by introducing PSM (process safety management) system of the Ministry of Employment & Labor as of January 2012. Based on these results and suggestions there are five(5) necessities to reduce industrial safety regulations adaptation stress and human error generation, first(1st) is the necessity of understanding influential factors to stress, second(2nd) is the necessity to customized vocational training, third(3rd) is improving enhance system of job satisfaction, forth(4th) is preparing stress-reduction program, and fifth(5th) is introducing on-site restrictive action of advanced country as politics items.